networking concepts

networking concepts

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  LEARNING GUIDE LEARNING ACTIVITY LEARNINGOUTCOME 1 Compare the various types of networks in used today LEARNING STEPS PAGES RESOURCES  Read Information Sheet 1.1 on Basic Networking Concepts  Definition of Network  Advantages of Networking  Disadvantages of Networking  Models of Networking Computing  Centralized Computing  Distributed Computing  Collaborative Computing  Basic Administration Network Models  Client/Server Based Networking  Peer to Peer Networking  Network Operating Systems (NOS)  Classification of Networks  LAN  MAN  WAN  Intranet, Extranet and Internet  Network Services  Basic Connectivity Services  Information Sheet 1.1  Self Check 1.1  Model Answer to Self Check 1.1
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   File Services File Transfer Services  Printing Services  Application Services  Directory Services  Security Services  Answer Self Check 1.1 Evaluation: Match Answer your answer to Model 1.1
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  INFORMATION SHEET 1.1 BASICNETWORKING CONCEPTS Network a group of systems/computers that are connected together for the purpose of sharing data or sharing devices. Advantages of Network  Reduce Cost  Streamline Operation  Improve end-user support  Improve security Disadvantages  Rapid spread of virus  Expensive setup  Dependency of main file server Models of Networking Computing  Centralized Computing  Distributed Computing  Collaborative Computing Centralized Computing
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  All processing takesplace in the central mainframe computer. Terminals are connected to the central computer and function only as input/output devices. Distributed Computing  All processing takes place in the central mainframe computer.  Terminals are connected to the central computer and function only as input/output devices.  Multiple computers capable of processing independently  Task completion by the local computer or other computers on the network Collaborative Computing  Multiple computers cooperating to perform a task
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   Software designedto take advantage of the collaborative environment. Network Model (Basic Administration) 1. Legacy Network 2. Client/Server Network 3. Peer-to-Peer Network FEATURES OF LEGACY NETWORKS  All processing takes place at the central computer  Dumb terminals or terminals having no processing power provide user access to the mainframe/minicomputer  There are limited off-the-shelf software products available for purchase as most applications are custom-built  Support staff is needed for management and control  Incremental growth is prohibitively expensive Features of peer-to-peer networks  Workstations store their own application and data files  Speed is primarily a factor of the workstation used as processing occurs at the workstation  Each node on the system talks to all the other nodes  Peer-to-peer communications make some level of file and printer sharing possible  No one system is in charge of the network  Security might be limited  This type of system does not work well with more than 10 workstations or nodes Client/server networks 1. In a client/server environment, there are separate systems providing resources and accessing resources 2. The client/server model provides distributed processing
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   Application anddata files can be stored on the file server  Files are downloaded to intelligent workstations (clients) for processing  Results are uploaded to the server for storage 3. The server might provide additional services to the client Categories of Networks 1. Local Area Networks (LAN) A network of computers that are in the same general physical location, within a building or a campus. 2. Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Connect Network in non-contiguous, but located in the same local area 3. Wide Area Networks (WAN) located in different local area 4. PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN)
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   A computernetwork used for communication among computer devices close to one person. It can be considered one form of a metropolitan area network, specific to an academic setting.  The reach of a PAN is typically about 20-30 feet approximately 6-9 meters. 5. GLOBAL AREA NETWORK(GAN) a model for supporting mobile communications across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas, etc. 6. CAMPUS AREA NETWORK(CAN)  A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area.  Covers an area equivalent to an academic campus or business park. A CAN is typically owned exclusively by one company, school, or organization. WAN characteristics 1. Wide geographic area, any size up to national or international 2. Low to high speed links 3. Remote links that might be operational LANs or groups of workstations only
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  NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM A Network Operating System (NOS) runs on the server in a client/server network configuration and turns a PC into a network server  Examples of NOSs include Microsoft NT/2000 Server/Server 2003, Novell NetWare, IBM OS/2, Banyan VINES, Mac OSX, AppleShare IP, UNIX and Linux Servers Computers that have been optimized to run a network operating system Workstations A personal computer that is connected to a network, which can perform tasks through applications or utilities Hosts Any network device that has a TCP/IP address INTERNET TYPE APPLICATION 1. Internet It is the largest global WAN, linking virtually every country, continent, and organization in the world. No single person, country, or entity owns or controls the Internet. 2. Intranet It is a private network uses Internet protocols and services to share a company’s information with its employees. As with the Internet, employees access an intranet via a web browser and navigate a company’s web pages. 3. Extranet
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   A privatenetwork that uses Internet Protocols and network connectivity to provide access to company web pages via a web browser.  Enables an organization to store and share specific information or operations with vendors, partners, customers and other businesses. Visualizing the differences among Internet, Intranet, and Extranet NETWORK SERVICES - functions provided by a network Types of Network Services 1. File services  Capability of a server to share data files, applications, and disk storage space  File server  Print services used to share printers across a network 2. Communications services
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   Transfer informationfrom one place to another  Three Subareas:  Email  Voice mail  Fax services 3. Application Services enable applications to leverage the computing power and specialized capabilities of other computers on a network 4. Internet services  Supplying Web pages, file transfer capabilities, Internet addressing schemes, security filters, and a means for directly logging on to other computers on the Internet  Web server 5. Management services: centrally administer management tasks on the network  Traffic monitoring and control  Load balancing  Hardware diagnosis and failure alert  Asset management  License tracking  Security auditing  Software distribution  Address management  Backup and restoration of data 6. Directory Services  also known as the x.500 standard, provide location information for different entities on the network.
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   main functionis to act as an information booth, directing resource requests on the network to the location of the resource 7. Security Services Control who can access the data or resource and what the user can do with it SELF CHECK 1.1 Encircle the letter of the correct answer 1. Which of the following is an example of a network? A. A computer attached to a printer and a scanner to input and output information B. Computer systems sharing a common communication medium for the purpose of sharing information or devices. C. Several printers connected to a switch box going to a single terminal D. Several diskettes holding information for one workstation 2. In which type of network is there no dedicated server, with each node on the network being an equal resource for sharing and receiving information? A. Client /server B. Peer-to-peer C. Windows Server 2003 D. Novell NetWare 6.x 3. What is the Microsoft term for a peer-to-peer network? A. Client /server B. Domain C. Workgroup D. Active Directory 4. A company has offices in CAA and PAMPLONA. Both networks are connected to allow the two locations to communicate. This is considered what type of network? A. LAN B. JAN C. MAN D. WAN 5. Which type of server is responsible for storing fi les for users on the network? A. File-and-print server B. Web server
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  C. Directory server D.Application server 6. You wish to extend your intranet to certain business partners, what type of network are you building? A. Intranet B. Internet C. Extranet D. LAN 7. Which of the following are network operating systems and not simply desktop operating systems? (Choose all that apply.) A. Novell NetWare B. Microsoft Windows 98 C. Microsoft Windows XP D. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 8. Network services that supply web pages A. File Services B. Internet Services C. Print Services D. Email Servies 9.I have a web-based application that allows select business partners to review their account details and purchase products. What type of application have I built? A. Supernet B. Internet C. Intranet D. Extranet 10. A web-based application was built for employees within your company to track purchases. What type of application was built? A. Supernet B. Internet C. Intranet D. Extranet
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  MODEL ANSWER TOSELF CHECK 1.1 Encircle the letter of the correct answer 1. Which of the following is an example of a network? A. A computer attached to a printer and a scanner to input and output information B. Computer systems sharing a common communication medium for the purpose of sharing information or devices. C. Several printers connected to a switch box going to a single terminal D. Several diskettes holding information for one workstation 2. In which type of network is there no dedicated server, with each node on the network being an equal resource for sharing and receiving information? A. Client /server B. Peer-to-peer C. Windows Server 2003 D. Novell NetWare 6.x 3. What is the Microsoft term for a peer-to-peer network? A. Client /server B. Domain C. Workgroup D. Active Directory 4. A company has offices in CAA and PAMPLONA. Both networks are connected to allow the two locations to communicate. This is considered what type of network? A. LAN B. JAN C. MAN D. WAN 5. Which type of server is responsible for storing files for users on the network? A. File-and-print server B. Web server C. Directory server D. Application server
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  6. You wishto extend your intranet to certain business partners, what type of network are you building? A. Intranet B. Internet C. Extranet D. LAN 7.Which of the following are network operating systems and not simply desktop operating systems? (Choose all that apply.) A. Novell NetWare B. Microsoft Windows 98 C. Microsoft Windows XP D. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 8. Network services that supply web pages A. File Services B. Internet Services C. Print Services D. Email Servies 9.I have a web-based application that allows select business partners to review their account details and purchase products. What type of application have I built? A. Supernet B. Internet C. Intranet D. Extranet 10. A web-based application was built for employees within your company to track purchases. What type of application was built? A. Supernet B. Internet C. Intranet D. Extranet