O & d survey

PREPARED BY: BHAVESH.V. KACHHOT

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
PREPARED BY: B.V.KACHHOT
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Definition:
It is the phase of transportation engineering
that deals with the planning, geometric
design and traffic operations of roads,
streets and highways, their networks,
terminals, abutting lands, and relationships
with other modes of transportation

O & D SURVEY
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THE ORIGIN AND DESTINATION STUDY IS
CARRIED OUT MAINLY TO KNOW THE ORIGIN
AND DESTINATION OF VARIOUS VEHICALS .
IN THIS STUDY THE DATA COLLECTED ARE,
NUMBER OF VEHICLES, THEIR ORIGIN AND
DESTINATION NUMBER OF PASSENGERS IN
EACH VEHICLE,ROUTE ETC.

USE FOR O & D SURVEY
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TO JUDGE THE ADEQUACY OF EXICTING
ROUTES
TO ESTABLISH PREFERENTIAL ROUTES FOR
VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF VEHICLES
TO LOCATION OF NEW PROPOSED ROADS
TO LOCATION OF PARKING PALACES
TO LOCATE EXPRESSWAY
TO REGULATE MOVEMENT OF HEAVY
VEHICLES
TO LOCATE NEW BRIDGE AS PER TRAFFIC
DEMANDS

METHOD OF O & D SURVEY
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ROAD SIDE INTERVIEW SURVEYS
HOME-INTERVIEW SURVEYS
TELEPHONE SURVEYS
TAXI SURVEYS
POST CARD QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEYS
REGISTRATION NUMBER SURVEY
TAG SURVEY
PUBLIC TRANSPORT SURVEY
COMMERCIAL VEHICAL SURVEY

ROAD SIDE INTERVIEW SURVEY
IN THIS METHOD INTERVIEW STATIONS ARE
PREVIOUSLY DECISED ON THE ROADWAY.
THE VEHICLES ARE STOPPED AT THE
INTERVIEW STATIONS BY A GROUP OF
PERSONS AND THE ANSWERS TO PRESCRIBED
QUESTIONNAIRE ARE COLLECETED ON THE
SPOT.
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INFORMATION COLLECTED
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ROAD SIDE INTERVIEW SURVEY
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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES :
DATA IS COLLECTED QUICKLY IN SHORT
DURATION
FIELD ORGANIZATION IS SIMPLE
DISADVANTAGES:
THE VEHICLES ARE STOPPED FOR INTERVIEW
AND THERE IS DELAY TO THE VEHICULAR
MOVEMENT
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HOME-INTERVIEW SURVEY
IN THIS METHOD RANDOM SAMPLE OF 0.5 TO 10%
OF THE POPULATION IS SELECTED AND THE
RESIDENCE ARE VISITED BY THE TRAINED PERSON
WHO COLLECT THE TRAVEL DATA FROM EACH
MEMBOR OF THE HOUSEHOLD.
DETAILD INFORMATION REGARDIND THE TRIPS
MADE BY THE MEMBERS IS OBTAINED ON THE SPOT.
THE DATA COLLECTED MAY BE USEFUL EITHER FOR
PLANNING THE ROAD NETWORK AND OTHER
ROADWAY FACILITIES.
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HOME INTERVIEW SURVEY
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DATA COLLECTION
NUMBER OF TRIP MADE
THEIR ORIGIN & DESTINATION
PURPASE OF TRIP
TRAVEL MODE
NUMBER OF RESIDENTS
AGE
SEX
VEHICLE OWNERSHIP
NUMBER OF DRIVERS
FAMILY INCOME
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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
THE PROBLEM OF STOPPING OF VEHICLES AND
CONSEQUENT DIFFICULTIES ARE AVOIDED
THE PRESENT TRAVEL NEEDS ARE CLEARLY
KNOWN AND THE ANALYSIS IS ALSO SIMPLE.
ADDITIONAL DATA INCLUDING SOCIO-
ECONOMIC AND OTHER DETAILS MAY BE
COLLECTED SO AS TO BE USEFUL FOR
FORECASTING TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
GROWTH.
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TELEPHONE SURVEY
 THIS METHOD INTERVIEW ARE CONDUCT
WITH COMPUTER ASSISTED TELEPHONE
INTERVIEW TECHNOLOGY.
A COMPLETE CATI SYSTEM MIGHT INCLUD
AUTOMATIC DAILING OF NEXT HOUSEHOLD TO
THE INTERVIEWER TO ASK THE NEST
QUESTION AUTOMATIC SKIPPING AND
BRANCHING WITHIN THE LIST OF QUESTIONS
DEPENDING ON THE ANSER TO THE PREVIOUS
QUESTION ,IMMEDIATE LOGIC CHECKS ON
ANSWER PROVIDED.
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TELEPHONE SURVEY

ADVANTAGES:
SAVING THE TIME

DISADVANTAGES:
INFORMATION RESPONCE NOT GOOD
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TELEPHONE SURVEY

TAXI SURVEY
LARGE URBAN AREAS USUALLY HAVE A
SIZEABLE AMOUNT OF TRAVEL BY TAXIS.
IN SUCH CASES, A SEPARATE TAXI SURVEY IS
NECESSARY .
THE SURVEY CONSISTS OF ISSUING
QUESTIONNAIRES OR LOG SHEETS TO THE
TAXI DRIVERS AND REQUESTING THEM TO
COMPLETE THE SAME.
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TAXI SURVEY

POST CARD
IN THIS METHOD REPLY-PAID
QUESTIONNAIRES ARE HANDED OVER TO
EACH OF THE DRIVERS AT THE SURVEY POINTS
AND REQUISTING THEM TO COMPLETE THE
INFORMATION AND RETURN BY POST.
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ADVANTAGES:
THIS METHOD ARE SIMPLER AND CHEAPER
THAN MANY OTHERS.
DISADVANTAGES:
RESPONSE MAY NOT A GOOD
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POST CARD

REGISTRATION NUMBER PLATE SURVEY
REGISTRATION NUMBER PLATE SURVEY
CONSISTS OF NOTING THE REGISTRATION
NUMBER OF VEHICLES ENTERING OR LEAVING
AN AREA AT SURVEY POINTS LOCATED ON THE
CORDON LINE.
BY MATCHING THE REGISTRATION NUMBER
OF THE VEHICLES AT THE POINT OF ENTRY
AND EXITFROM THE AREA , ONE IS ENABLED
TO IDENTIFY TWO POINTS ON THE PATHS OF
THE VEHICLES.
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ADVANTAGES:
WORK DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH THE
TRAFFIC IN ANY WAY.
DISADVANTAGES:
LARGE NUMBER OF OBSERVERS ARE NEEDED
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS CAN BE
COMPLICATED.
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TAG SURVEY
IN THIS METHOD AT EACH POINT WHERE THE
ROADS CROSS THE CORDON LINE, VEHICLES ARE
STOPPED AND A TAG IS AFFIXED ,USUALLY UNDER A
WIND SCREEN WIPER.
THE TAGS FOR DIFFERENT SURVEYS STATIONS HAVE
DIFFERENT SHAPES/COLOUR TO IDENTIFY THE
SURVEY STATION.
THE VEEHICLES ARE STOPPED AGAIN AT THE EXIT
POINTS WHERE THE TAGS ARE REMOVED.
THE TIME OF ENTERING AND LEAVING THE AREA
MAY BE MARKED ON THE TAGS IN ORDER TO ENABLE
THE JOURNEY TIME TO BE DETERMINED
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ADVANTAGES:
THIS METHOD IS SIMPLE AND ERROR ARE NOT
VERY LARGE.
DISADVANTAGES:
IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO HANDLE ALL THE
VEHICLES, SAMPLING MAY BE RESTORED TO
DONE.
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TAG SURVEY

PUBLIC TRANSPORT SURVEYS
IN THIS METHOD INTERVIWER MAY ENTER
THE VEHICLE AND CARRY OUT THE
INTERVIEWS WHEN THE VEHICLES IS IN
MOTION.
POST-CARD QUESTIONNAIRES ELIMINATE
DELAYS, BUT ARE LIKELY TO EVOKE POOR
RESPONSE OR CONTAIN AN ELEMENT OR BIAS.
THESE QUESTIONNAIRES MAY ALSO BE
COLLECTED AT THE STATIONS INSIDE THE
SURVEY AREA.
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PUBLIC TRANSPORT SURVEYS
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COMMERCIAL VEHICAL SURVEYS
COMMERCIAL VEHICLE SURVEYS ARE
CONDUCTED TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ON
JOURNEYS MADE BY ALL COMMERCIAL
VEHICLES BASED WITHIN THE STUDY AREA.
THE ADDRESSES OF THE VEHICLES
OPERATORS ARE OBTAINED AND THEY ARE
CONTACTED .
FORM ARE ISSUED TO DRIVERS WITH A
REQUEST THAT THEY RECORD PARTICULARS
OF ALL THE TRIPS THEY WOULD MAKE.
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COMMERCIAL VEHICAL SURVEYS
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TRIP GENERATION ANALYSIS
 PURPOSE
 TO DEVELOP EQUATIONS OI, DJ
(THE TRIP ENDS OF A PARTICULAR TRIP TYPE
GENERATED BY EACH ZONE BASED ON LAND
USE)
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TRIP DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
PURPOSE
 TO ESTIMATE THE NOS. OF
TRIP BETWEEN EACH PAIR
OF ZONES ( VIJ)
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MODAL SPLIT ANALYSIS
 Purpose
 TO DETERMINE THE NOS. OF TRIP MADE
BY EACH MODE OF TRAVEL (VM
IJ)
 TWO TYPES OF MODAL ANALYSIS
1) PRE-DISTRIBUTION MODAL SPLIT
ANALYSIS
2) POST-DISTRIBUTION MODAL SPLIT
ANALYSIS
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PRE-DISTRIBUTION MODAL SPLIT
ANALYSIS
 BASED ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CHARACTERISTICS  - INCOME
- AUTO OWNERSHIP
- AGE
- SEX
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POST-DISTRIBUTION MODAL SPLIT ANALYSIS
TO DETERMINE THE PROPORTION OF TRIP
MAKER TRAVELING BET. ORIGIN &
DESTINATION PAIR THAT WILL CHOOSE
COMPETING MODE
BASED ON TIME & COST OF TRAVEL
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NETWORK ASSIGNMENT ANALYSIS
TO DETERMINE THE TRIP FOR EACH MODE TO
ALTERNATIVE ROUTE (VMR
IJ)
BASED ON RELATIONSHIPS BET. TRAVEL TIMES
AND CAPACITIES FOR THE ROUTES
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TRIP GENERATION ANALYSIS
 TO ESTIMATE THE NOS. OF PERSON TRIPS
PRODUCED BY, OR ATTRACTED TO EACH
ZONE
 INPUT  LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS
 OUT PUT  NOS. OF TRIP ENDS
 TRIP ENDS  TRIP THAT ORIGINATE OR
TERMINATE
 TRIP ORIGIN  TRIP PRODUCTION
 TRIP DESTINATIONS  TRIP ATTRACTION
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TRIPS ARE STRATIFIED BY TRIP
PURPOSE CATEGORIES
 TRIP PURPOSE CATEGORIES
1) HOME-BASED WORK
 TRIP BET. PERSON’S HOME & PLACE OF
EMPLOYMENT FOR PURPOSE OF WORKING
1) HOME-BASED OTHER
 TRIP BET. PERSON’S HOME & OTHER
DESTINATION FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE
- HOME-BASED SHOP (SHOPPING)
- HOME-BASED SOCIAL RECREATION
- HOME-BASED SOCIAL MISCELLANEOUS
1) NON-HOMED BASED
 NEITHER ENDS AT HOME
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WHEN PERSON MAKES TWO JOURNEYS
E.G 1  FROM HOME TO WORK
I.E HOME-BASED TRIP &
HOME ORIGIN (PRODUCTION)
WORK  DESTINATION (ATTRACTION)
E.G 2 FROM WORK TO HOME
I.E  HOME-BASED TRIP &
WORK  ORIGIN (ATTRACTION)
HOME DESTINATION (PRODUCTION
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Describe trips # 1, 2, 3 and 4.
WorkHome MALL
Trip # 1
Trip # 4 Trip # 3
Trip # 2

Solution
Type Origin Destination Production Attraction
Trip#1
home-based
work
home work home work
Trip#2
non-home-
based
work MALL work MALL
Trip#3
non-home-
based
MALL work MALL work
Trip#4
home-based
work
work home home work

O & d survey

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