One Shot Source Integration
- 1. From Research to Writing . . . HOW?
- 2. Why do we cite sources? To let our readers know how we arrived at our conclusions (gives more credibility to our ideas) To stand on the shoulders of the scholars who came before us – and allow others to stand on our shoulders Because giving credit to others is the honest thing to do!
- 3. What should I cite? Direct quotations Someone else’s unique ideas (in a paraphrase) Statistics Diagrams, images, sound clips
- 4. I don’t have to cite: My own ideas or conclusions Things that are “commonly known” by my audience
- 5. How to paraphrase Read the other person’s idea/opinion, and understand it. Close the book/website/article. If stuck here, try to explain the idea verbally to someone else. Write out the idea/opinion. Make sure to include the person’s name/affiliation in your paraphrase. Check back with the original. Don’t forget your citation!
- 6. Example: Dr. Buddhima Lokuge, a spokesperson for Doctors Without Borders, that the current drug patent system does not encourage researchers to invent new drugs to combat HIV/AIDS. Instead, , the system actually inhibits the distribution of desperately-needed antiretroviral HIV/AIDS drugs in poor countries, by driving up the costs per patient (qtd. in Bristol). Person’s name & affiliation In-text citation suggests he writes
- 7. Integrating your paraphrase Make a “sandwich” with your research information: Start with your point (the topic sentence of the paragraph). Use a transitional phrase or word to bring in your research. End with your conclusions or a summary of the research, in your own words.
- 8. Integrating the paraphrase There is a common misconception that US drug patent policies will help encourage drug companies to work on new medicines that work against the HIV/AIDS virus. On the contrary, Dr. Buddhima Lokuge, a spokesperson for Doctors Without Borders, suggests that the current drug patent system does not encourage researchers to invent new drugs to combat HIV/AIDS. Instead, he writes, the system actually inhibits the distribution of desperately-needed antiretroviral HIV/AIDS drugs in poor countries, by driving up the costs per patient (qtd. in Bristol). Sticking to current policy will only lead to more spread of the virus; clearly, policy needs to change. Introduce the idea of the paragraph (topic sentence) research End the paragraph with your summary/conclusions transition
- 9. P.S. Here’s how the two citation pieces fit together: In text citation: . . . by driving up the costs per patient (qtd. in Bristol). Works Cited citation: Bristol, N. (2007, October 26). Battling HIV/AIDS. CQ Researcher , 17 , 889-912. Retrieved November 4, 2007, from CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2007102600.