Online assignment
- 1. 1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF GARDENS Submitted to: Mrs Sushama Prabha L. Lecturer in Natural Science Submitted by: Leena K.R. Natural Science Submitted on: 25.07.2015
- 2. 2 Index Sl No. Content Page No. 1 Introduction 3 2 Types of Gardens 4 3 Comparison with Farming 10 4 Conclusion 10 5 Reference 11
- 3. 3 Introduction Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture. In gardens, ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits and herbs are grown for consumption, for use as dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use. Gardening is considered to be a relaxing activity for many people. Gardening ranges in scale from fruit orchards, to long boulevard plantings with one or more different types of shrubs, trees and herbaceous plants to residential yards including lawns and foundation plantings, to plants in large or small containers grown inside or outside. Gardening may be very specialized, with only one type of plant grown, or involve a large number of different plants in mixed plantings. It involves an active participation in the growing of plants, and tends to be labor-intensive, which differentiates it from farming or forestry. Residential gardening takes place near the home, in a space referred to as the garden. Although a garden typically is located on the land near a residence, it may also be located on a roof, in an atrium, on a balcony, in a window box, or on a patio or vivarium. Gardening also takes place in non-residential green areas, such as parks, public or semi-public gardens (botanical gardens or zoological gardens), amusement parks, along transportation corridors, and around tourist attractions and garden hotels. In these situations, a staff of gardeners or groundskeepers maintains the gardens.
- 4. 4 A gardener is someone who practicesgardening, either professionally or as a hobby. Gardening is not only a hobby; it’s an art form. While most gardens are a result of a particular climate or landscape, many are simply an extension of the gardener’s imagination and passion. Garden design is considered to be an art in most cultures, distinguished from gardening, which generally means garden maintenance. Garden design can include different themes such as perennial, butterfly, wildlife, Japanese, water, tropical, or shade gardens. Today, landscape architects and garden designers continue to produce artistically creative designs for private garden spaces. In the USA, professional landscape designers are certified by the Association of Professional Landscape Designers. Let’s learn more about the different types of gardens. TYPES OF GARDENS 1) Vegetable garden 2) Herbal garden 3) Ornamental garden
- 5. 5 I. Vegetable Garden A vegetable garden (also known as a vegetable patch or vegetable plot) is a garden that exists to grow vegetables and other plants useful for human consumption, in contrast to a flower garden that exists for aesthetic purposes. It is a small-scale form of vegetable growing. A vegetable garden typically includes a compost, and several plots or divided areas of land, intended to grow one or two types of plant in each plot. Plots may also be divided into rows with an assortment of vegetables grown in the different rows. It is usually located to the rear of a property in the back garden or back yard. Many families have home kitchen and vegetable gardens that they use to produce food. In World War II, many people had a garden called a "victory garden" which provided food and thus freed resources for the war effort. With worsening economic conditions and increased interest in organic and sustainable living, many people are turning to vegetable gardening as a supplement to their family's diet. Food grown in the back yard consumes little if any fuel for shipping or maintenance, and the grower can be sure of what exactly was used to grow it. Organic horticulture, or organic gardening, has become increasingly popular for the modern home gardener. There are many types of vegetable gardens. The potager, a garden in which vegetables, herbs and flowers are grown together, have become more popular than the more traditional rows or blocks. The goal is to make the function of providing food aesthetically pleasing. Plants are chosen as much for their functionality as for their color and form. Many are trained to grow upward. A well-designed potager can provide food, as well as cut flowers and herbs for the home with very little maintenance. Potagers can disguise their function of providing for a home in a wide array of forms—from the carefree style of the cottage garden to the formality of a knot garden. Kitchen Garden The traditional kitchen garden is a space separate from the rest of the residential garden – the ornamental plants and lawn areas. Most vegetable gardens are still miniature versions of old family farm plots, but the kitchen garden is different not only in its history, but also its design. The kitchen garden may serve as the central feature of an ornamental, all-season landscape, or it may be little more than a humble vegetable plot. It is a source of herbs, vegetables and fruits, but it is often also a structured garden space with a design based on repetitive
- 6. 6 geometric patterns. The kitchen garden has year-round visual appeal and can incorporate permanent perennials or woody shrub plantings around (or among) the annuals. Edible gardens Edible gardens can include anything from herb and vegetable gardens to edible flower and orchard gardens. II. Herbal Garden The herb garden is often a separate space in the garden, devoted to growing a specific group of plants known as herbs. These gardens may be informal patches of plants, or they may be carefully designed, even to the point of arranging and clipping the plants to form specific patterns, as in a knot garden. Herb gardens may be purely functional or they may include a blend of functional and ornamental plants. The herbs are usually used to flavour food in cooking, though they may also be used in other ways, such as discouraging pests, providing pleasant scents, or serving medicinal purposes (such as a physic garden), among others. A kitchen garden can be created by planting different herbs in pots or containers, with the added benefit of mobility. Although not all herbs thrive in pots or containers, some herbs do better than others. Mint, a fragrant yet invasive herb, is an example of an herb that is advisable to keep in a container or it will take over the whole garden.
- 7. 7 A witches' garden is an herb garden specifically designed and used for the cultivation of herbs, for culinary, medicinal and/or spiritual purposes. Herbal baths, the making of incense, tied in bundles for rituals or prayers, or placed in charms are just some of the ways herbs can be used for spiritual purposes. Herb gardens developed from the general gardens of the ancient classical world, which were used for growing vegetables, flowers, fruits and medicines. During the medieval period, monks and nuns acquired this medical knowledge and grew the necessary herbs in specialized gardens. Typical plants found within a witches’ garden are the following: rosemary, sage, parsley, mint, catnip, henbane, marjoram, thyme, rue, angelica, bay, oregano, dill, aloe, arnica, chives and basil. Basil is especially common in these gardens, not just for its culinary use, but as a strong protection herb. It is said, "Where basil grows, no evil goes!" and "Where basil is, no evil lives!" With the advance of medical and botanical sciences in Renaissance Europe, monastic herb gardens developed into botanical. However, these are just examples of the common herbs found within a witch's garden. Many other plants and herbs can be grown. It is a very personal garden, and therefore is unique to the individual witch. For a "true" witch or pagan, this garden is not just used for the purposes of each of the herbs grown, but it is also a way to become in touch with mother and become one with the Earth. III. Ornamental Gardens Ornamental gardens use plants that are designed more for their aesthetic pleasure and appearance than for the production of crops or cooking. An ornamental garden design includes flowering plants and bulbs in addition to foliage plants, ornamental grasses, shrubs and trees. Growing ornamental plants in the landscape is easy. Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as houseplants, for cut flowers and specimen display. The cultivation of these plants are called floriculture, forms a major branch of horticulture.
- 8. 8 Most commonly ornamental garden plants are grown for the display of aesthetic features including: flowers, leavers, scent, overall foliage texture, fruit, stem and bark, and aesthetic form. In some cases, unusual features may be considered to be of interest, such as the prominent and rather vicious thorns of Rosa sericea and cacti. Similarly certain trees may be called ornamental trees. This term is used whe n they are used aspart of a garden or landscape setting, for instance for their flower s, their texture, form and shape, andother aesthetic characteristics. In some countrie s trees in 'utilitarian' landscape use such asscreening, and roadside plantings are cal led amenity trees. For plants to be considered to be ornamental, theymay require specific work and activity by a gardener.For instance, many plants cultivated for topiary and bonsai would only be considered to be ornamental by virtue of the regular pruning carried out on them by the gardener, and they may rapidly cease t be ornamental if the work was abandoned. Ornamental plants and trees are distinguished from utilitarian and crop plants, such as those used for agriculture and vegetable crops and for forestry or as fruit trees. This does not preclude any particular type of plant being grown both for ornamental qualities in the garden, and for utilitarian purposes in other settings. Thus lavender is typically grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, but may also be grown as a crop plant for the production of lavender oil. Ornamental plants are plants which are grown for display purposes, rather than functional ones. While some plants are both ornamental and functional, people usually use the term “ornamental plants” to refer to plants which have no
- 9. 9 value beyond being attractive, although many people feel that this is value enough. Ornamental plants are the keystone of ornamental gardening, and they come in a range of shapes, sizes and colors suitable to a broad array of climates, landscapes and gardening needs. Some ornamental plants are grown for showy foliage. Their foliage may be deciduous, turning bright orange, red and yellow before dropping off in the fall, or evergreen, in which case it stays green year round. Some ornamental foliage has a striking appearance created by lacy leaves or long needles, while other ornamental are grown for distinctively colored leaves, such as silvery gray ground covers and bright red grasses, among many others. Some other ornamental plants are cultivated for their blooms. Flowering ornamentals are a key aspect of many gardens, with many flower gardeners preferring to plant a variety of flowers so that the garden is continuously inn flower through the spring and summer. Depending on the types of plants being grown, the flowers may be subtle and delicate or large and showy with some ornamental plants producing distinctive aromas which paint a palette of scents in addition to colors. Flower garden A flower garden is any garden where flowers are grown for decorative purposes. Because flowers bloom at varying times of the year, and some plants are annual, dying each winter, the design of flower gardens can take into consideration maintaining a sequence of bloom and even of consistent color combinations,
- 10. 10 through varying seasons. Besides organizing the flowers in bedding-out schemes limited to annual and perennial flower beds, careful design also takes the labour time, and the color pattern of the flowers into account. Flower color is another important feature of both the herbaceous border and the mixed border that includes shrubs as well as herbaceous plants. Flower gardens are sometimes tied in function to other kinds of gardens, like knot gardens or herb gardens, many herbs also having decorative function, and some decorative flowers being edible. Comparison with farming A patch of potatoes grown by a Peruvian peasant or an Irish smallholder for personal use could be described as either a garden or a farm. Gardening for average people evolved as a separate discipline, more concerned with aesthetics and recreation, under the influence of the pleasure gardens of the wealthy. Meanwhile farming has evolved (developed countries) in the direction of commercialization, economics of scale and mono cropping. In respect to its food production purpose, gardening is distinguished from farming chiefly by scale and intent. Farming occurs on a larger scale, and with the production of salable goods as a major motivation. Gardening is done on a smaller scale, primarily for pleasure and to produce goods for the gardener’s own family or community. The key distinction between gardening and farming is essentially one of scale; gardening can be a hobby or an income supplement, but farming is generally understood as a full-time or commercial activity, usually involving more land and quite different practices. Conclusion Gardening for beauty is likely nearly as old as farming for food; however for most of history for the majority of people there was no real distinction since the need for food and other useful product trumped other concerns. Gardening for average people evolved as a separate discipline, more concerned with aesthetics and recreation, under the influence of the pleasure gardens of the wealthy. Gardening is done on a smaller scale, primarily for pleasure and to produce goods for the gardener's own family or community. Different Types of gardens are there nowadays and people are taking gardening as a profession. Modernization also
- 11. 11 influenced the area of gardening and thus changed the attitude towards gardening as a pleasure giving activity and encourages the people to find out their means of living from gardening. Gaining popularity is the concept of “Green Gardening” which involves growing plants using organic fertilizers and pesticides so that the gardening process – or the flowers and fruits produced thereby- doesn’t adversely affect the environment or peoples’ health in any manner. Reference: 1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_garden_types 2) http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/gardening