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- 1. ASSIGNMENT Submitted By NEETHU.L Natural science Kaviattu College of Education
- 2. SCIENCE LABORATORY – SIGNIFICANCE AND ORGANIZATION- DESIGNING A HIGHSCHOOL BIOLOGY LABORATORY
- 3. INTRODUCTION Science teaching is different from the teaching of other subjects for the fact that here the theoretical lessons are accompanied or followed by practical work with apparatus and materials. The word ‘Laboratory’ generally means a spacious room in which a group of students carry out practical. Other rooms are usually essential if the science teaching of a school is to be efficiently organized. For an effective and efficient teaching in science a good laboratory with necessary equipment is essential. In recent years the purpose of teaching science at the secondary stage has undergone drastic change. We don’t aim at suffering the minds of the pupils with mere facts of science but at developing in them the application ability, skills of experimentation, construction, improving scientific attitude, interest, appreciation e t c. These can be achieved only if the students get the opportunities to work with their own hands in an atmosphere which pervades in science teaching. One of the important function of the science laboratory is the deepening of student’s understanding that scientific concepts and applications are closely related their own natural environment. In the laboratory the students can be taught more readily to be discriminating in observation to evaluate, evidence of data and to sense the importance of care and skill in taking of measurement. Laboratory should be represented as an integral part of instruction in science. So the laboratory in all its forms help in the achieving the aims of teaching science which in turn help in the future developments in the field of science. While constructing the science laboratory in the schools the science teacher s or science educators should be asked to collaborate with the architect in getting it built on the standard and recommended plan in order to draw out the best educational purposes.
- 4. SIGNIFICANCE OF SCIENCE LABORATORY Learning by doing is one of the cardinal principles of teaching science. Experimentation has put many theories on a sound footing and has also resulted in the rejection of many. The achievement of modern science is mainly due to the application of the experimental method. It is therefore important that practical work should form a prominent feature in any science course and the primary objective in determining a technique of instruction is to provide for a maximum pupil activity. Science laboratory has the following values. The things learnt by the students through purposeful activities are permanently affixed in the mind of pupils. They find out the truth of the statement made by the teacher or written in the books when they perform experiments in the laboratory. The knowledge imported without experimental evidence remains superficial, hazy and imperfect. The children have the curiosity to handle things and when they do the experiments; their curiosity is to a greater extent satisfied. Practical work provides an activity which can be profitable and emotionally satisfying. Acquiring of scientific knowledge and scientific outlook, which are the two main objectives of teaching science, can be achieved only through regular practical work in the laboratory. A student should not only be a passive observer but an active worker, an enthusiastic experimenter and a discoverer. It provides opportunities for training in scientific method. The pupil faces so many problems in the laboratory and they get a good deal of training in the scientific way. As a result of practical work the pupils form many good habits like co- operation, resourcefulness, initiative, self dependence, self reliance e t c, which are applicable in the daily life of the pupils. It provides opportunities for exercise in reading and making diagrams and accustoms the pupils to use various hand tools of the scientists.
- 5. ORGANIZATION- DESIGNING A HIGH SCHOOL LABORATORY PLANNING A SCIENCE LABORATORY Before constructing the laboratory, the following factors should be taken in to consideration at the planning stage. 1) The number of pupil working at a time. 2) The minimum space necessary for each pupil for comfortable working. 3) Limitation of number of science teachers in school. 4) Need for ancillary accommodation for storage. 5) Designing the science classroom and laboratory in such a way that it could be used for science teaching for middle as well as for high classes. 6) Imperative need for economy. A number of laboratory designs and their equipment have been suggested by different people. Some of these laboratories which suite the conditions of our country and which have been accepted by scientist and education. FOR HIGHSCHOOLS Lecture –room –cum Laboratory plan The plan was developed by Dr. R H White House, formally principal of central training college, Lahore. Dr White House suggested a combined lecture and laboratory of x of a class of students in demonstration and in practical wor he floor should be cemented or side lightning three windows of across and or high are provided ne near the practical bench and two near the seating accommodation. There are two doors one near the lecture room and another near the laboratory. Towards the lecture room, side is provided a wall blac board x t can be simply a cemented
- 6. area of the wall t a distance of from it is the teacher’s table x high Towards the laboratory side is provided a wall blackboard. The tables are arranged properly in the class room. No sinks are provided with the laboratory tables. To compensate it three sinks are fitted, one for the teacher and two for the students. This combined lecture and laboratory plan is advantageous because of the following reasons. 1. It is economical. 2. The seating accommodation is natural and comfortable. 3. The furnishing is cheap, serviceable and easily movable. 4. It provides seating and storage accommodation in the compact and restricted space. 5. The atmosphere of science prevails and working in the same laboratory gives an idea of the unity of science. All Purpose Laboratories This type of laboratory serves the purpose of both practical as well as theoretic work, but it may not be possible to carry out an effective teaching of special subject with this type of laboratory. The size of laboratory can be varied according to the number of students in the class he usual dimension of x is sufficient for 40 pupils. Storage –cum preparation room should be provided with the laboratory. This will improve the efficiency of working and preserving of apparatus. Provisions can be made in the walls for reagent, bottles etc in such a way that it neither abstracts light nor looks ugly. The window may be fitted with good blinds so that the room may be darkened when need be. It is advisable to use movable tables with flat top. So that the table can be used both for practical work and for writing purpose and can be placed against one another at certain occasions. The side bench may be provided with sink, water and gas taps. Cup board may be provided under these benches for storage purpose. A space of about should be left between the wall and the tables wo blac boards of x may be provided one on each side of the laboratory.
- 7. CONCLUSION A laboratory is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Scientific laboratories can be found in schools, and universities, in industry, in government or military facilities. Laboratory techniques are the some of procedure used on natural sciences such as chemistry, biology, physics, etc. In order to conduct an experiment, all of them follow scientific method, lab activities and experiments engage student’s mind which help them to acquire necessary skill and confidence. To provide firsthand knowledge to the students about the subject, the biology lab should be fully equipped with all the required specimens, thus helping students to acquire necessary skills and confidence in an innovative environment.
- 8. REFERENCE R C Sharma, C .S. Shukla (2003)., Modern science Teaching, Published by Dhanpat Rai Publishing company. Yogesh Kumar Singh, Ruchika Nath., (2007) , Teaching of General Science. En.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Laboratory. Science blogs. com