![ļ
ļ particularly lung cancer(90%), kidney, larynx, bladder
cancer, esophagus, pancreas] and stomach cancer.
ļ chemicals are those that produce DNA damage. since
such damage appears to be the primary underlying cause
of cancer.
ļ genotoxic effect
ļ e.g. acrolein: binds to guanidine in DNA ā
mutagenic and carcinogenic effects.
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon( epoxide
causes genetic mutation).
Nitrosamine.
Cancer](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nasimbadarna-pathologyofsmokingnew-170312173314/85/pathology-of-smoking-12-320.jpg)
pathology of smoking
- 2. ļ ļ Smoking is process of inhaling a burned chemical substances into our lungsā¦ ļ It can be through Cigarettes, pipes, cigars, hookahs etc.ā¦ ļ where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and reach the body tissue (as the gas diffuses directly into the pulmonary vein, then into the heart and from there to the brain). What is Smoking?
- 3. ļ ļ It is a complex mixture of over 5,000 identified chemicals, of which 98 are known to have specific toxicological properties. *Nicotine is not one of them! ļ The inhaled substance nicotine binds to nicotine acetylcholine resceptors in the brain due to being similar to endorphins and dopamine (leads to sensations of pleasure, relaxation, and satisfaction). What do we inhale ?
- 4. ļ ļ Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death globally. ļ being among the leading causes of many diseases such as lung cancer, heart attacks, COPD, erectile dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, vascular stenosis and birth defects(Smoking during pregnancy may cause ADHD to a fetus). Smoking Kills !
- 5. ļ Smoking can damage every part of the body
- 6. ļ ļ Immediately after inhaling; incomplete combustion produced by tobacco produces carbon monoxide, which impairs the ability of blood hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying component in red blood cells) to carry oxygen when inhaled into the lungs. ļ Blood cells are naturally recycled after a certain period of time, allowing creation of new erythrocytes. However, if carbon monoxide exposure reaches a certain point before they can be recycled, hypoxia (and later death) occurs. Step by step
- 7. ļ ļ responses associated within the heart and blood vessels. Within one minute the heart rate begins to rise, increasing by as much as 30 percent during the first 10 minutes of smoking. ļ Increases blood pressure. ļ Several ingredients of tobacco lead to the narrowing and weakening of blood vessels, increasing the likelihood of a blockage, and thus a heart attack or stroke. Cardiovascular disease
- 8. ļ ļ Smoking raises the levels of fibrinogen and increases platelet production. ļ ļ linked to Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans); ļļ the acute inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of arteries and vines of the hands and feet( e.g. DVT). Cardiovascular disease
- 9. ļ ļ Smoking tends to increase blood cholesterol levels; the ratio of high-density lipoprotein ("good" cholesterol) to low-density lipoprotein ("bad" cholesterol) tends to be lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. ļ these factors make smokers more at risk of developing various forms of arteriosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease
- 10. ļ ļ Arteriosclerosis: is the thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries. ļ ļ As the arteriosclerosis progresses, blood flows less easily through the narrowed blood vessels, making the blood more likely to form a thrombosis (clot). Sudden blockage of a blood vessel may lead to an myocardial infarction (strokeMI). Cardiovascular disease
- 12. ļ ļ particularly lung cancer(90%), kidney, larynx, bladder cancer, esophagus, pancreas] and stomach cancer. ļ chemicals are those that produce DNA damage. since such damage appears to be the primary underlying cause of cancer. ļ genotoxic effect ļ e.g. acrolein: binds to guanidine in DNA ā mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon( epoxide causes genetic mutation). Nitrosamine. Cancer
- 13. ļ ļ long term exposure to compounds in the smoke (e.g., carbon monoxideā¦) is responsible for pulmonary damage and for loss of elasticity in the alveoli, leading to emphysema (the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness), chronic bronchitis and COPD (permanent reduction of pulmonary capacity characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, persistent cough with sputum, and damage to the lungs.) pulmonary damage
- 14. ļ ļ Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary diseaseļ Emphsema
- 15. ļ ļ Renal: smoking encourages the progression of diabetic nephropathy( caused by damage to the capillaries in the kidneyās glomeruli. It is due to longstanding diabetes mellitus. ļ Infection: It is believed that smoking increases the risk pulmonary and respiratory tract infections both through structural damage and through effects on the immune system. Other diseases
- 16. ļ ļ Skin premature skin aging ļ sexual dysfunction loss of sexual activity ā mainly in men. ļ If smoker stops smoking, it lasts 15 years to reach health status of non-smoker Other diseases Smokerās Face
- 18. ļ ļ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking#Substance s_and_equipment ļ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_to bacco ļ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer ļ http://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/tc/chronic- obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-overview ļ Thank you for your attention Preferences