Pengantar metabolisme
- 2. Metabolisme Definisi: rangkaian reaksi-reaksi kimia dalam sel yang terjadi secara continue dan saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lain Anabolisme Katabolisme Ampibolic
- 4. Metabolisme Bahan bakar tubuh : carbohydrates, fats, dan proteins ( makromolekul) Energi : oxidasi :CO 2 and H 2 O. Cadangan dalam tubuh : triacylglycerol (fat), glycogen (carbohydrate) Penurunan atau penambahan BB normal: Energi dipakai – Energi tersedia insulin dan glucagon; regulator pemakaian dan penyimpanan bahan cadangan Karbohidrat utama dalam darah : glukosa : regulator insulin dan glukagon dalam darah
- 5. Puasa Puasa : hypoglisemia , memicu pamkreas agar glukagon disekresi Glucagon: cadangan carbohydrat membebaskan glucose ke sirkulasi ( brain) Puasa lebih 3 : ketone bodies (derived from fat) as an alternative fuel supply for the brain .
- 6. Anabolisme Biosintesis senyawa biomolekul (glikogen, protein, trigliserida) Butuh Energi (endergonic). ATP: ADP + Pi (ATP-ADP cycle) Misal Glikogenesis Glukoneogenesis Biosintesa asam lemak Biosintesa protein
- 7. Katabolisme Pemecahan molekul besar : molekul kecil (glukosa, asetil KoA, Asam amino) CO2 dan Energi (ATP) CO2 : sirkulasi ATP : dibebaskan setelah elektron ditransfer ke O2 Mis: Glikolisis Glikogenolisis Oksidasi asam lemak
- 8. Amphibolic Anabolisme dan Katabolisme: terjadi dalam satu proses metabolism Siklus Kreb Biosintesis heme, glukosa, asam lemak Katabolisme: sitrat, ketoglutarat
- 9. Energi Oxidation of fuels to generate ATP is called respiration Electrons lost from the fuels during oxidative reactions : transferred to O 2 by a series of proteins in the electron transport chain Energy of electron transfer : used to convert ADP and P i to ATP by a process known as oxidative phosphorylation Satuan Energi : Calori kilocalorie kilojoules (kJ)
- 12. approximate order in which the processes occur. TG = triacylglycerols; FA = fatty acid; AA = amino acid; RBC = red blood cell; VLDL = very low density lipoprotein; I= insulin; % = stimulated by.
- 13. Metabolisme KH, Fat AA TAG = triacylglycerol
- 15. Overview of fatty acid metabolism
- 16. Overview of amino acid metabolism
- 17. Transport and fate of major carbohydrate and amino acid substrates and metabolites
- 18. Transport and fate of major lipid substrates and metabolites FFA, free fatty acids; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; MG, monoacylglycerol; TG, triacylglycerol; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.
- 19. Intracellular location and overview of major metabolic pathways