Scaffolding Persuasive Writing
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The document outlines the steps for persuasive writing: 1. Establish a situation by introducing the topic and your position on the topic. 2. Include pertinent evidence from research to support your position. 3. Create an organizing structure such as numbered paragraphs to develop your argument in a logical way. 4. Provide a sense of closure by restating your position and the main points that support it.
Scaffolding Persuasive Writing
- 1. Dr. Magda Enríquez Beitler
- 2. To persuade means to convince. Persuasive writing must include all the arguments needed to persuade. For example if we were going to convince our community that violence should be stopped now, we must follow the five steps of writing.
- 4. Establish a situationEstablish a situation Develop a point of view Include pertinent documented evidence Include pertinent documented evidence From what perspective? According to whose opinion? From what perspective? According to whose opinion? The significance of events Conclusions that can be drawn from those events The significance of events Conclusions that can be drawn from those events
- 5. A two-part sentence with the Occasion (subject/reason for writing) and the Position (what you plan to prove or explain). For example: I have lived in several states; however; there is only one I would call home. A two-part sentence with the Occasion (subject/reason for writing) and the Position (what you plan to prove or explain). For example: I have lived in several states; however; there is only one I would call home.
- 7. Create an organizing structure Create an organizing structure Provide a sense of closure to the writing. Provide a sense of closure to the writing. - Use a range of appropriate strategies to address the reader’s arguments and concerns - Use a range of appropriate strategies to address the reader’s arguments and concerns Select the method of development to best advance the argument or position to the audience Select the method of development to best advance the argument or position to the audience
- 8. Contain a number in the topic sentence to help to focus the writer and reader on the information to follow. Contain a number in the topic sentence to help to focus the writer and reader on the information to follow.
- 9. 1. A power or number statement can be long or short. 2. A power or number sentence contains a number word. 3. The number or power word tells the reader that the writer will present a certain amount of information. 1. A power or number statement can be long or short. 2. A power or number sentence contains a number word. 3. The number or power word tells the reader that the writer will present a certain amount of information.
- 12. An argument involves the process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use of logical reasoning, examples, and research. An argument involves the process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use of logical reasoning, examples, and research.
- 13. Guides an audience through your reasoning process Offers a clear explanation of each argued point Demonstrates the credibility of the writer Guides an audience through your reasoning process Offers a clear explanation of each argued point Demonstrates the credibility of the writer
- 14. Title Introduction • Thesis statement Body Paragraphs • Constructing Topic Sentences • Building Main Points • Countering the Opposition Conclusion Title Introduction • Thesis statement Body Paragraphs • Constructing Topic Sentences • Building Main Points • Countering the Opposition Conclusion
- 15. Why do you need one? Introduces the topic of discussion to the audience Generates reader interest in the argument Why do you need one? Introduces the topic of discussion to the audience Generates reader interest in the argument Creating a Title Try to grab attention by: Offering a provocative image Picking up on words or examples offered in the body or conclusion of the paper Asking a question Avoid titles that are too general or lack character Creating a Title Try to grab attention by: Offering a provocative image Picking up on words or examples offered in the body or conclusion of the paper Asking a question Avoid titles that are too general or lack character
- 16. Acquaints the reader with the topic and purpose of the paper Generates the audience’s interest in the topic Offers a plan for the ensuing argument Acquaints the reader with the topic and purpose of the paper Generates the audience’s interest in the topic Offers a plan for the ensuing argument
- 17. Personal anecdote Example-real or hypothetical Question Quotation Shocking statistics Striking image Personal anecdote Example-real or hypothetical Question Quotation Shocking statistics Striking image
- 18. The MOST IMPORTANT SENTENCE in your paper Lets the reader know the main idea of the paper Answers the question: “What am I trying to prove?” Not a factual statement, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper The MOST IMPORTANT SENTENCE in your paper Lets the reader know the main idea of the paper Answers the question: “What am I trying to prove?” Not a factual statement, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper
- 19. The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument. The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper. A thesis statement may also be located within the body of the paper or in the conclusion, depending upon the purpose or argument of the paper. The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument. The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper. A thesis statement may also be located within the body of the paper or in the conclusion, depending upon the purpose or argument of the paper.
- 20. Body paragraphs build upon the claims made in the introductory paragraph (s)- Occasion /Position Statement Organize with the use of topic. Sentences that illustrate the main idea of each paragraph. Offering a brief explanation of the history or recent developments in your topic within the early body paragraphs can help the audience to become familiarized with your topic and the complexity of the issue. Body paragraphs build upon the claims made in the introductory paragraph (s)- Occasion /Position Statement Organize with the use of topic. Sentences that illustrate the main idea of each paragraph. Offering a brief explanation of the history or recent developments in your topic within the early body paragraphs can help the audience to become familiarized with your topic and the complexity of the issue.
- 21. Paragraphs may be ordered in several ways, depending upon the topic and purpose of your argument: General to specific information Most important point to least important point Weakest claim to strongest claim Paragraphs may be ordered in several ways, depending upon the topic and purpose of your argument: General to specific information Most important point to least important point Weakest claim to strongest claim
- 22. Addressing the claims of the opposition is an important component in building a convincing argument. It demonstrates your credibility as a writer--you have researched multiple sides of the argument and have come to an informed decision. Addressing the claims of the opposition is an important component in building a convincing argument. It demonstrates your credibility as a writer--you have researched multiple sides of the argument and have come to an informed decision.
- 23. Consider your audience when you offer your counterargument. Conceding to some of your opposition’s concerns can demonstrate respect for their opinions. Remain tactful yet firm Using rude or deprecating language can cause your audience to reject your position without carefully considering your claims. Consider your audience when you offer your counterargument. Conceding to some of your opposition’s concerns can demonstrate respect for their opinions. Remain tactful yet firm Using rude or deprecating language can cause your audience to reject your position without carefully considering your claims.
- 24. Your conclusion should reemphasize the main points made in your paper. You may choose to reiterate a call to action or speculate on the future of your topic, when appropriate. Avoid raising new claims in your conclusion. Your conclusion should reemphasize the main points made in your paper. You may choose to reiterate a call to action or speculate on the future of your topic, when appropriate. Avoid raising new claims in your conclusion.
- 25. Choosing a Subject Gathering Details What is violence? What are the causes of violence from the point of view of your own self, your family, your friends and your community? What are the effects of violence? What generates violence? When is it that violence increases or escalates? Where has violence taken its toll? How can we stop or prevent violence? Why is there so much violence ?
- 26. Search for information about the causes of violence. Interview someone who has suffered the effects of violence. Search for information in books, magazines or interviews about the possible solutions against violence. Search for information about the causes of violence. Interview someone who has suffered the effects of violence. Search for information in books, magazines or interviews about the possible solutions against violence.
- 27. Organize all the information in complete sentences and don’t worry about spelling or layout at this time. Make sure your essay has a beginning. The beginning should state the focus of your writing and what is your opinion. Make sure your essay has a middle. In the middle part of your writing, make sure you use all the necessary arguments to convince your reader . Make sure your essay has a conclusion at the end. In ending your essay explains why you have the opinion that you have and why your reader should have the same opinion.
- 28. Cut or Re-write Keep Openings that are unclear or uninteresting Sentences that include extra ideas that are not related to your main point. Sentences that are confusing or lack specific details Sentences and paragraphs that are interesting, important or entertaining. Sentences that relate to your main point or focus or can not convince the reader. Sentences that add supporting examples and details
- 29. Checking for Errors in : Spelling Punctuation Grammar Capitalization Checking for Errors in : Spelling Punctuation Grammar Capitalization
- 30. Final Copy Must be: Clean of errors Attractively presented With pictures Deliver to an audience: the readers Final Copy Must be: Clean of errors Attractively presented With pictures Deliver to an audience: the readers