PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
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Phenomenological research examines human experiences through descriptions provided by those involved. It aims to understand the relationship between individual consciousness and social life, and uncover how awareness shapes social actions and worlds. Phenomenological studies trace lived experiences of people to generate theories about phenomena. Data is primarily collected through interviews and analyzed to identify patterns and themes in a clear manner. There are different types including realistic, constitutive, existential, and hermeneutic phenomenological research.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
- 1. PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR
- 3. DEFINITION PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH EXAMINES HUMAN EXPERIENCES THROUGH THE DESCRIPTIONS PROVIDED BY PEOPLE INVOLVED
- 4. FEATURES • Phenomenological studies help in raising an understanding of the relationship between states of individual consciousness & social life. • Phenomenology attempts to uncover how human awareness is implicated in the production of a social action, social situation & social world.
- 5. OBJECTIVE • Phenomenological study is to trace out precisely the lived experiences of people & generate theories or models of phenomena being studied.
- 6. G.W.F HEGEL • “Phenomenology is an approach to philosophy that begins with an exploration of a phenomenon, logical, ontological, metaphysical spirit that is behind the phenomenon. This is named as a “dialectical Phenomenology”
- 7. EDMUN HUSSERL • Defines Phenomenology as, “an approach to philosophy that takes the intutive experience of a phenomenon as it’s starting point & tries to extract from it the essential features of experiences & the essence of what we experience”
- 8. APPROACH TO PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT INTUTIVE EXPERIENCE OF PHENOMENON AMONG PEOPLE FEATURES OF EXPERIENCE ESSENCE OF WHAT IS EXPERIENCED Schematic representation of husserl’s view on phenomelogy
- 9. CHARACTERISTICS • Phenomenology tends to withstand the acceptance of those circumstances which are un observable & is a grand system erected in speculative thinking.
- 10. • Phenomenology opposes naturalism, i.e, objectivism & positivism. • Phenomenology tends to justify knowledge with reference to awareness of a substance itself, as disclosed in the most comprehensive, distinct & suitable way for some thing of it’s kind
- 11. Phenomenology tends to grasp that enquiry ought to emphasize upon “encountering” as it is directed at objectives as they are encountered.
- 12. DATA COLLECTION ISSUES PHENOMENOLOGY Method of data collection Primarily in depth interviews, sometimes diaries or other written material Units of data collection Individual subjects
- 13. ISSUES PHENOMENOLOY Data collection points Mainly cross sectional Length of time for data collection Typically moderate
- 14. ISSUES PHENOMENOLOY Data recording Interview notes & or audio tape recording Salient features Bracketing one’s view, building rapport, encouraging candour, listening while preparing what to ask next, keeping discussion on “track” & handling emotions
- 15. DATA ANALYSIS • The process of data analysis involves task of contrasting & comparing the final data to determine what patterns, themes or threads emerge. • The investigator seeks further knowledge about the lived experience in a concise manner.
- 16. • The research findings should be presented in an understandable & clear manner detailing the relationship that exist
- 17. TYPES • 1.REALISTIC PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH. • 2.CONSTITUTIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH. • 3.EXISTENTIAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH • 4.HERMENEUTICAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
- 18. 1.REALISTIC PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH • The research focuses on gathering the universal abstract of various types of information, including human actions, motives & results
- 19. 2.CONSTITUTIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH. • This includes philosophy of natural sciences. This procedure entangles suspending acceptance of the pre given position of conscious life as something that exist in the world & is carried out in order to obtain an ultimate inter subjective grounding for the world & the positive sciences of it.(E.g., social beliefs, positions & practices)
- 20. 3.EXISTENTIAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH • The study is concerned with topics such as actions, conflicts, desires, finitude, oppression & death.
- 21. 4.HERMENEUTICAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH • Uses lived experiences as a tool for better understanding the social, cultural, political or historical context in which those experiences occur. • Hermeneutic enquiry almost always focuses on meaning & interpretation : how socially & historically conditioned individuals interpret their world within a given context
- 22. EXAMPLE • A phenomenological study on lived experiences of tsunami victims in selected villages of Tamil Nadu.