Photosynthesis-and-Respiration.pdf......
- 2. Overview of photosynthesis and respiration PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELL ACTIVITIES RESPIRATION SUN RADIANT ENERGY GLUCOSE ATP(ENERGY)
- 3. •Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self) Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)
- 4. •Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs Ex: animals and most microorganisms
- 6. What is Photosynthesis? PHOTOSYNTHESIS is the process whereby plants, algae, some bacteria, use the energy of the sun to synthesize organic compounds (sugars) from inorganic compounds (CO2 and water).
- 7. Photosynthesis: •Photosynthesis is the process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into the energy of glucose
- 8. What is the Equation for the Photosynthesis?
- 9. EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS 6 CO2 + 6 H2O Light Energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 CARBON DIOXIDE WATER GLUCOSE OXYGEN REACTANTS PRODUCTS
- 11. Describe Photosynthesis • The process of changing light energy to chemical energy • Energy stored as sugar • Occurs in plants and some algae • Plants need light energy, CO2, and H2O • Takes place in the chloroplasts, using chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants
- 13. 1. Light-Dependent Reactions 1. Happens in the presence of Light. 2. Occur in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast 4. Use light energy (photons) to generate two chemical energy compounds: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) & nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). 3. Water is split into oxygen gas (O2) and H+
- 14. Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction) 1. Light independent (can occur in light or dark; some enzymes require activation by light) 2. Occur in the stroma of chloroplasts 3. Use the chemical energy produced in Light Reactions (ATP; NADPH) to reduce CO2 to carbohydrate (sugar). 4. CO2 is converted to sugar (Glucose) by entering the Calvin Cycle
- 15. •Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plants
- 16. •Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast that absorbs light for photosynthesis As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green color fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids, other pigments.
- 17. What happens during photosynthesis? • Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through holes called stomata • CO2 combines with the stored energy in the chloroplasts through a chemical reaction to make glucose
- 18. FUNCTION/PURPOSE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS • CAPTURE, CONVERT AND STORE ENERGY
- 19. WHY IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS SO IMPORTANT? • PHOTOSYNTHESIS is one of the most important biological process on earth! • Provides the oxygen we breathe • Consumes much of the CO2 • Food • Energy • Fibers and materials
- 21. What is Cellular Respiration? • The release of chemical energy for use by cells. • Process of making energy of food available in the cell • All organisms need energy to perform essential life processes. • The food must be digested to simple forms such as glucose, amino acids, and triglycerides. • The immediate energy source of the cells is GLUCOSE.
- 22. Cellular Respiration: Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)
- 23. •Respiration occurs in ALL cells and can take place either with or without oxygen present. It occurs specifically on MITOCHONDRIA of the cell.
- 24. Describe Cellular Respiration • The breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy • Turns glucose into ATP • Takes place in all living things • Is a step by step process
- 25. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
- 26. EQUATION FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 + GLUCOSE 6O2 OXYGEN 6CO2 + CARBON DIOXIDE 6 H2O + ENERGY WATER ATP REACTANTS PRODUCTS
- 28. Cellular Respiration has three main stages: • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle • Electron transport system
- 29. 1. Glycolysis In glycolysis, the 6-carbon sugar, glucose, is broken down into two molecules of a 3-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This change is accompanied by a net gain of 2 ATPmolecules and 2 NADH molecules.
- 30. 2. Krebs Cycle: The Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates a pool ofchemical energy (ATP, NADH, and FADH2) from the oxidation of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis.
- 31. 3. Electron Transport System: For each glucose molecule, total ATP = 36. also happens in the mitochondria, more ATP are generated (32).
- 32. THE END!