POETRY - UNIT-1 [nep2020 english notes].pptx

POETRY - UNIT-1 [nep2020 english notes].pptx

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  POETRY MINOR – 2[ENGLISH]
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  1. What arethe defining features of a ballad, and how does it differ from other narrative forms of poetry? ◦ The ballad is a classic type of narrative poetry, frequently accompanied by music, that conveys a story in a straightforward and clear way. ◦ The ballad began as part of oral storytelling practices, transmitted through generations orally and often performed in communal settings. ◦ These poems or songs were often the creations of unknown authors and dealt with themes such as love, betrayal, adventure, tragedy, and the supernatural. IN SHORT, A ballad is a musical, simple, action-packed story poem designed to be easily remembered and shared, often focusing on a single dramatic event — whereas other narrative poems (like epics) are much longer, grander, and more complex. Examples: • Traditional Ballad: "Sir Patrick Spens" — tells of a shipwreck and the drowning of sailors. Simple, tragic, repetitive. • Other Narrative Poetry: Homer’s Iliad — a massive, detailed poetic account of the Trojan War with many characters and a grand scale.
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  2. What definespoetry as a literary genre, and how does it differ from prose? ◦ Poetry is defined by its focus on the beauty, rhythm, and emotional power of language. It’s less about telling a straightforward story or presenting facts, and more about condensing human experience, evoking emotions, and playing with words and sounds in artistic ways. ◦ Poetry often uses fewer words but packs in more meaning through imagery, metaphor, and symbolism. ◦ Many poems have a musical quality, created by patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables (called meter) or sound devices like rhyme and alliteration. ◦ In contrast to prose, which frequently depends on direct narrative or explanation, poetry is defined by its brevity and intensity. ◦ Poems can have strict forms (like sonnets, haikus) with rules about lines, syllables, and rhyme, But poetry can also be free verse, without set patterns—still poetic through its style and effects. In short: ◦ Poetry is the art of saying a lot with a little, using language in its most imaginative, rhythmic, and emotionally charged form. Prose is the everyday language we use for speaking, storytelling, and explaining.
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  3. What distinguishesan epic poem from other types of poetry, and how does its length and subject matter contribute to its grandeur? ◦ An epic is an extensive narrative poem that recounts the tale of heroic activities, frequently involving deities, myths, or important historical occurrences. ◦ They commonly feature a principal hero who undertakes a remarkable journey or quest. ◦ One of the defining features of an epic is its vast length. ◦ This extended scope contributes to their grandeur by creating a sense of historical and cosmic importance. ◦ Through this large canvas, the poet is able to explore not just individual actions but the destiny of entire peoples or civilizations. ◦ In contrast to other forms of poetry, which may focus on brief emotional experiences or singular moments, however the epic poem seeks to represent an entire world, a culture's highest ideals, and a hero's lasting legacy. ◦ EXAMPLES : The Iliad (Homer) — Achilles' rage and the Trojan War The Odyssey (Homer) — Odysseus’s journey home Mahabharata (Vyasa) — Epic of duty, war, and dharma
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  4. What isa dramatic monologue, and how does it differ from other forms of poetry in terms of structure and voice? ◦ A dramatic monologue is a form of poetry in which one speaker communicates with an implied/quiet audience, exposing their thoughts, feelings, and character traits. ◦ It's like overhearing someone talking and realizing they are telling you more than they mean to. ◦ This genre is recognized for utilizing dramatic irony, where the speaker may inadvertently disclose more than they intend. ◦ This makes the dramatic monologue an effective instrument for examining the intricacies of human nature and personal struggles. Significant cases consist of Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess”, in which a Duke discloses his possessive nature and suggests his potential involvement in his wife's demise. T.S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” , wherein the protagonist, Prufrock, articulates his fears and insecurities. "Ulysses" (by Alfred Tennyson): The old hero Ulysses speaks about his restlessness and desire to keep exploring even in old age.
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  Ode : ◦ Anode is a type of lyrical poetry known for its formal tone, elevated language, and expressive themes. ◦ Typically, odes are crafted to honour or celebrate individuals, events, objects, or abstract ideas. ◦ The ode traces its origins to ancient Greece, where it started as a choral piece performed alongside dance at public festivals or religious occasions. ◦ The word ‘ode’ is derived from the Greek term “oide”, which translates to ‘song’ or ‘chant.’
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  Types of Odes:There are various forms of odes, with the most prominent being: ◦ Pindaric Ode: This form of ode, created by Pindar, usually features a triadic structure that includes strophe, antistrophe, and epode. The strophe and antistrophe have the same meter and structure, while the epode typically presents a contrasting or concluding stanza. ◦ Horatian Ode: Named after the Roman poet Horace, this type is more consistent in its meter and is often marked by a personal, introspective tone. It tends to be less formal and more meditative compared to the Pindaric ode. ◦ Irregular Ode: A style that emerged during the Romantic era, particularly through poets like John Keats, which does not adhere to a strict structural form. This type offers more liberty and flexibility in both rhyme scheme and meter while preserving the elevated language and formal tone of traditional odes.
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  Elegy: ◦ An elegyis a specific type of lyrical poetry that typically conveys feelings of sorrow, mourning, or contemplation of loss, especially in relation to death. ◦ It is a serious, introspective poem that often acts as a lament for those who have passed away, but it can also reflect on wider issues of mortality, suffering, and the passage of time. ◦ The word ‘elegy’ derives from the Greek term “elegeia” , which translates to ‘song of lament’. ◦ By the 17th century, the elegy started to solidify as a separate style of poetry in England, with writers like John Milton and Abraham Cowley creating works that employed the elegiac tradition to ponder not only personal grief but also significant political and cultural happenings. ◦ The Romantic poets, including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and John Keats, further enhanced the elegy, transforming it into a means for reflecting on nature, mortality, and the human condition.