المحاضره الاولي.ppt
- 2. 2 Management: Is essentially an executive function, the active direction of human effort. It is the work that a manager seeks to get results through other people. Administration and Management The term "Management" and "Administration" are used interchangeably in government and organizations.
- 3. 3 Management Functions Function is defined as a broad area of responsibility composed of many activities aimed at achieving a predetermined objective.
- 5. 5 The relationship between function of Management:- Two continuous functions of management are:- Communication Decision- Making
- 6. 6 What is Quality? Ensuring accuracy, timeliness and reliability of test results.
- 7. 7 At the end of this activity, you will be able to: Relate the importance of a laboratory quality system Define the principal terms used in the field of quality List the essential elements of a laboratory quality system Describe the development of quality principles during the last centuries Learning Objectives
- 8. 8 ISO - International Organization for Standardization • Quality management standards to help work more efficiently and reduce product failures. • Environmental management standards to help reduce environmental impacts, reduce waste and be more sustainable. • Health and safety standards to help reduce accidents in the workplace.
- 9. 9 A laboratory occurrence and its consequences A 83 year old male was admitted to hospital with fever, weight loss and cough being investigated for possible tumor. Sputum was reported to be positive for tuberculosis, but on later review, found to be false positive culture due to in-laboratory contamination. Further investigation found 14 additional patients with falsely positive TB culture Delay in correct diagnosis Unnecessary treatment Treatment complications. Pattern of other contaminations discovered Problem resolution required 6 months of investigation, contacting of more than 200 patients, many requiring culture and X-Ray re-examination. Revision of laboratory procedures eradicated the problem. Laboratory errors cost in time, energy, money personnel and patient outcomes
- 10. 10 Laboratory Quality Management Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to quality ISO 9000:2000
- 12. 12 Why the Path of Workflow is essential to consider in health laboratories A sample that is damaged or altered as a result of improper collection, or without consideration of the effects of transport will always result in an inaccurate result. A medical report that is delayed, or lost, or sent to the wrong clinician, or written in a method that results in misinterpreted negates all the time and energy and finances that were spent in collecting, transporting and performing the examination properly
- 13. 13 There are many factors that influence whether laboratory tests will be performed accurately and in a timely manner. Competent staff Reagents and equipment Laboratory environment Knowledgeable staff Quality control Communications Occurrence Management Process Management Records keeping
- 14. 14 Twelve Quality System Essentials Quality system essentials Set of coordinated activities that function as building blocks for quality management. Process Control (Quality Control & Specimen Management) Purchasing & Inventory Assessment Occurrence Management Information Management Process Improvement Customer Service Facilities & Safety Organization Personnel Equipment Documents & Records
- 15. 15 Process Control (Quality Control & Specimen Management) Purchasing & Inventory Assessment Occurrence Management Information Management Process Improvement Customer Service Facilities & Safety Organization Personnel Equipment Documents & Records Path of Workflow
- 16. 16 The Laboratory shall be legally identifiable Name Address Medical Director Contact Information Telephone Electronic Path of Workflow Patients know to whom to complain about inconvenience Clinician know to whom to call about late reports Workers know to whom to complain about late salary cheques
- 17. 17 A Brief History of Laboratory Quality Management
- 18. 18 Quality Management is not new Walter Shewhart W. Edwards Deming Joseph Juran Phillip Crosby Robert Galvin
- 19. 19 A Short History of Quality Management Innovator Date Cycle Walter A Shewhart 1920’s Statistical Process Control W Edwards Deming 1940’s Continual Improvement Joseph Juran 1950’s Quality Toolbox Phillip Crosby 1970’s Quality by Requirement Robert Galvin 1980’s Micro Scale Error Reduction
- 20. 20 Walter Shewhart Statistical Process Control Chart
- 21. 21 W. Edwards Deming DO CHECK PLAN ACT The Deming Cycle
- 22. 22 Joseph Juran Juran Cost of Quality Curve
- 23. 23 Joseph Juran Juran Defect-Cost Curve (modified) DEFECTS COSTS
- 24. 24 Philip Crosby 1. Quality is defined as conformance to requirements, not as 'goodness' or 'elegance'. 2. The system for causing quality is prevention, not appraisal. 3. The performance standard must be Zero Defects, not "that's close enough". Absolutes of Quality
- 26. 26 Six Sigma A modern tool that blends statistical process control and structured project planning Total Error Error Percent Process Sigma 1,000,000 100,000 10% 2.78 1,000,000 10,000 1% 3.83 1,000,000 5,000 0.5% 4.08 1,000,000 1,000 0.1% 4.59 1,000,000 500 0.05% 4.79 1,000,000 100 0.01% 5.22 1,000,000 50 0.005% 5.39 1,000,000 10 0.001% 5.76 1,000,000 5 0.0005% 5.92 1,000,000 1 0.0001% 6.25
- 27. 27 ISO and Medical Laboratory Quality Quality and Competence Laboratory Safety Point of Care Testing Risk Management
- 28. 28 Summary Quality management is not new. Quality management grew from the good works of innovators who defined quality over a spam of 80 years. Quality management is applicable for the medical laboratory as it is for manufacturing and industry.
- 29. 29 Summary Through the good works of organizations including WHO, ISO, CLSI, and others… Laboratories benefit Health care benefits Patients benefit