Precision ag back to basics
- 1. Ben Rosser and Ian McDonald OMAFRA Field Crop Unit University of Guelph Guelph, On.
- 2. 1. Why are you here? A. I am heavy into PAg and ready to take the next step. B. I am interested in PAg and ready to go! C. I am interested in PAg but still “sitting on the fence”! D. Just getting a first look at what it is. E. Bored and no where else to go!
- 3. Basics of Precision Ag
- 4. Precision Ag Defined! The definition is elusive! PAg can be anything in ag that uses technology and data, ie milking robots, precision feeding via data feedback, etc
- 5. Traditional Cropping Farming by the average! Every acre gets the same input levels
- 6. What is Precision Ag in a Cropping Context? Precision agriculture is the ability to manage by the square meter instead of the square mi/km using gps positioning and guidance In some ways its going back to Granpa’s day when he knew every nuance of his 100 acres. Today, PAg uses data and technology to supply that knowledge on much larger landscapes and at high resolutions
- 7. Think of PAg as Overlapping Layers of Knowledge from which to make the best decisions.
- 8. Corn 1995 Corn 1998 Corn 2001 Soybean 1996 Winter Wheat 2000 Soybean 1999 Soybean 2002 Annual Normalized Yield Maps The Goal of Precision Ag! Exploit variation in the field Temporal (time) Within and between seasons (yield varies) Spatial (space) Elevation, distance, slope Shape, etc
- 9. Common PAg Technologies GPS Guidance (autosteer, lightbars, gps tagged soil sampling) Yield Monitors (GPS enabled) Row and boom automated shut off Variable rate lime, fertilizer, pesticide application Variable rate seeding On-the-go cultivar changes Variable tillage
- 10. Common PAg Technologies are:
- 11. The Outcomes of Precision Ag! Optimized productivity Reduce environmental footprint Better Record Keeping Enhanced decision making Improve traceability Enhance marketing of farm products Improve lease arrangements and relationship with landlords Enhance the inherent quality of farm products (e.g. protein level in bread-flour wheat)
- 12. 2. How are you making decisions today? A. Yield goal B. Know my fields inside out C. Advisors advice D. Data layer available E. Don’t think about it, just do it!
- 13. 3. Why do you want to implement Precision Ag? A. Save money B. Better record keeping C. Optimize production D. Reduce environmental footprint E. All of the above, or at least 3 of them
- 14. Blanket Treatment SS-VRA SS-VRA SS-VRA SS-VRA SS-VRA Input Yield Possible Outcomes of Site Specific Management (SSM) Adapted from R. Khosla, Colorado State University
- 15. Blanket Treatment SS-VRA SS-VRA SS-VRA SS-VRA SS-VRA Input Yield Possible Outcomes of Site Specific Management (SSM) Adapted from R. Khosla, Colorado State University
- 16. Blanket Treatment SS-VRA SS-VRA SS-VRA SS-VRA SS-VRA Input Yield Possible Outcomes of Site Specific Management (SSM) Adapted from R. Khosla, Colorado State University A B B
- 18. Precision Ag: Where Should You Start?
- 19. 4. Precision Ag: What’s First? A. Drainage B. Compaction C. Good planter D. Crop Rotation E. All of the above and more
- 20. Precision Ag: What’s First? Get the basic whole field agronomic “stuff” addressed before investing in PAg! PAg is the an additional “tool”, not the “solution”!
- 21. 5. What is your first target? A. Commercial fertilizer/lime mgmt B. Variable Seeding Rate C. On-the-go cultivar changes D. Variable rate manure application E. Still trying to decide
- 22. What are the Expected Trends in PAg?
- 23. http://agribusiness.purdue.edu/files/resources/20 15-crop-life-purdue-precision-dealer-survey.pdf What are the Constraints to Increased Participation in PAg?
- 24. What’s the cost of getting into PAg? Equipment – hard to determine, much of new equipment comes with PAg stuff included (combine, planters, tractors with PAg ready monitors, etc) RTK Guidance ~ $18,000 Boom Shuts offs ~ $3,000 to 7,000 Rate Controllers ~ $3,000 Flow Meters ~ $5,000+ VR Fertilizer Capability ~ $5,000
- 25. 6. Are you using guidance on your farm? A. RTK autosteer B. WAAS corrected autosteer C. Lightbar D. No guidance
- 26. What’s the cost of getting into PAg? Services Grid/Directed Sampling ~ $6-8/ac maps, $1 chemistry) SIS Complete ~ $50/ac (1x) UAV Imagery~ $5-6/ac maps EC Type Sensing~$20/ac 1x(?) maps Soil Optix ~ $20/ac 1x(?) shape and pdf of 17 maps Digital Soil Mapping ~ $35/ac 1x shape file and descriptions Consulting Services ~ $3-5/ac/yr Data Management ~ $5-10/ac/yr
- 27. What’s the cost of getting into PAg? Services Data Management, Reporting Software FarmWorks - $1000+400/yr (http://www.farmworks.com/) SMS ~ $1000+250/yr (http://www.agleader.com/products/sms-software/) SST (http://www.sstsoftware.com/) Excel (https://products.office.com/en-us/excel)
- 28. What’s the cost of getting into PAg? Services Data Management, Reporting John Deere (Ag Mgmt Solutions (AMS)) CNH (Advanced Farming Systems (AAFS)) AGCO (Fuse Technologies) Monsanto (Field Scripts ???) Dupont Pioneer (Encirca) Black box solutions???
- 29. 7. What PAg Services do you have Available? GPS Enabled Grid/Directed Sampling A. In house B. Consultant or retailer C. Not Available
- 30. 8. What PAg Services do you have Available? GPS Enabled Elevation Data Collection A. Owned RTK Guidance B. Consultant or retailer C. Not Available
- 31. 9. What PAg Services do you have Available? GPS Enabled Yield Monitor Equipped Combine A. Owned Combine B. Custom Combine willingly gives data C. Custom Combine reluctantly gives data D. Not Available
- 32. 10. What PAg Services do you have Available? Variable Rate Fertilizer Application Equipment A. Owned Equipment B. Custom Equipment C. Not Available
- 33. 11. What PAg Services do you have Available? Variable Seeding Rate Planting Equipment A. Owned B. Custom Available C. Not Available
- 34. 12. What PAg Services do you have Available? Multiple Cultivar Planting Equipment A. Owned B. Custom Available C. Not Available
- 35. 13. What PAg Services do you have Available? Data Mgmt, Map Creation, Prescription Services A. In-House B. Retailer or Consultant C. Not Available
- 36. The Basic Steps of PAg and Management Zones
- 39. Components of PAg Management Zone Mapping Hydrologic Slope Value High : 1.0 peak or ridge, dry Low : 0.0 stream channel or pit (wet) Yield Elevation Soil Sept 4, 2013Soybeans Remote Sensing
- 40. PAg Step 1: Collect Data (The key to our future success) Few years of yield data + Elevation data off guidance system or a PDSM from a UAV flight + Soil sampling
- 41. Yield
- 42. Making Yield Maps Yield Data Table: X, Y, Z….. Data → Points → Swath Map Grid (Raster) → Polygons (Vector)
- 43. Corn 1995 Corn 1998 Corn 2001 Soybean 1996 Winter Wheat 1997 Winter Wheat 2000 Winter Wheat 2003 Corn Winter Wheat SoybeanSoybean 1999 Soybean 2002 Yield Index – All CropsAnnual Normalized Yield Maps Crop Yield Index Maps
- 44. Elevation
- 45. Elevation RTK (gathers x,y,z(elevation) coordinates) Swath Width Narrower with more topography
- 46. Figure 7: (a) diagram indicating convex v.s. concave curvature positions connected to (b) field segmented into convex areas (blue) and concave areas (red) derived from the profile and planform curvatures. Convex Concave 7(a) 7b) Elevation Mapping from RTK Guidance Swaths
- 47. Profile curvature affects the acceleration and deceleration of the flow of water down the slope and therefore influences the erosion and deposition of soil and water. Look at these edges to determine shape A is convex. B is concave, c is planar or straight Across Slope (Planform): A is diverging, B is converging, and C is planar or straight Figure 6a) curvature examples for: concave v.s convex v.s. planar (flat & straight down) and 8b) slope as: diverging v.s. converging v.s planar (straight) – all of which affect the way water and soil due to tillage practices have moved across the field over time. Look at these edges to determine shape Downslope (Profile): A is convex, B is concave, and C is planar or straight Planform curvature relates to the convergence (accumulation) or divergence (loss) of flow across a surface. 6a) 6b) Types of Field Elevation
- 48. Soils Soil texture and properties (1x) Soil chemistry (~ 3yrs)
- 49. Technology = Accuracy & Efficiency
- 50. Topography, soil and where to sample?
- 52. Digital Soil Map Creation Inputs Soybean September 2013 Relative Hydrological Slope Position Terrain Classification Index Inspection Points
- 53. Predicted Digital Soil Type Map
- 54. PAg Step 2: Integrate Data to make management zones Yield + Elevation + Soil Sampling Integrated Analysis Management Zones Evolutionary Build…
- 55. Soil Type and Yield Index Combined = Management Zones MZ’s from Soil Type & Yield Index Summary of 2015 Soil Test Results %OM CEC P K Mg pH K:Mg Avg 3.4 12.6 37 184 268 7.4 .7 Std .5 1.5 12.2 56 64 .3 .2 %CV 15 12 33 30 24 3.5 29 min 1.9 9.1 15 79 123 6.5 .3 max 4.6 17.6 70 352 393 7.9 1.2
- 56. Simplify the # zones means loss of opportunity – recognize that you must wrestle with what the equipment can do realistically Each zone defined by multiple attributes or factors: - CEC - Yield - pH 4 Zones 7 Zones MZ Maps Resolution Level
- 57. PAg Step 3: Grower Knowledge Management Zone Map Review with your agronomist Crop Input Recommendations Prescription Map for Product Application Revisions
- 58. Automated Learning Plots Validation of Mgmt Zones and Prescriptions
- 59. 14. Did the past 50 minutes: Ian McDonald Field Crop Unit, Ag Development Branch OMAFRA Rm 407 Crop Sci. University of Guelph GUELPH, ON., N1G 2W1 519.824.4120 x56707 [email protected] http://bit.ly/iansdropbox www.fieldcropnews.com Ben Rosser Field Crop Unit, Ag Development Branch OMAFRA Rm 215 Crop Sci. University of Guelph GUELPH, ON., N1G 2W1 519.824.4120 x54865 [email protected] www.fieldcropnews.com A. Help B. Hinder C. Confuse D. Numb E. All of the above