Presentation on Comparative study Of concrete using Recycled coarse aggregates

Presentation on Comparative study Of concrete using Recycled coarse aggregates

• 1.
  COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONCRETEUSING RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATES Project presentation on
• 2.
  Introduction and overviewWhatwe have done so far..............................an overview •Necessity of Recycled Coarse Aggregate •Eighth - five year plan in India investigated that there is a shortage of coarse aggregates in housing & road sectors. •In large developing countries like India, China & Japan there is a large amount of concrete & demolition waste generation due to new zoning bye laws, modified settlement patterns , increased population, in urban areas due to industrial development, modernization of old road bridges for present and future growing traffic etc. •To achieve sustainable development. •Central Pollution Control Board has estimated that the solid waste generation in India is about 48 million tonnes per annum of which 25% is from the construction industry. •Recycling of concrete is a relatively simple process. It involves breaking, removing, and crushing existing concrete into a material with a specified size and quality. •Recycled concrete aggregates contain not only the original aggregates, but also hydrated cement paste.This paste reduces the specific gravity and increases the porosity compared to similar virgin aggregates. Higher porosity of RCA leads to a higher absorption.
• 3.
  LITERATURE REVIEW Case studiescarried out by : Remarks K K Sagoe-Crentsil, T Brown, A H Taylor (2001) Water absorption rates and carbonation of recycled concrete and reference concrete were almost comparable for most applications C S Poon, Z H Shui, L Lam, H Fok, S C Kou (2004 The result suggested that an AD aggregate that contains not more than 50% recycled aggregate is optimum for producing the normal strength recycled aggregate concrete. Valeria Corinaldesi (2010) Results obtained showed that structural concrete can be manufactured by replacing 30% virgin aggregates with recycled concrete aggregate Tsung – Yueh Tu, Yuen – Yuen Chen & Chao-Lung Hwang (2006) It was found that specific gravity, water absorption capacity, gradation, soundness and wear resistance of recycled aggregate were worse than natural aggregate due to presence of residual mortar and impurities and a reduction of 20%-30% in compressive strength was noticed due to addition of recycled aggregate. Khaldoun Rahal(2007) The trends in the development of compressive and shear strength and the strain at peak stress in recycled aggregate concrete were similar to those in natural aggregate concrete arid Debieb, Luc Courard, Said Kenai & Robert Degeimbre (2010) It was found that contamination of recycled aggregate does not seem to have significant effect on mechanical properties upto 28 days of age
• 4.
  LIST OF EXPERIMENTS Experimentsperformed by us : FINE AGGREGATE EXPERIMENT o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATES o SILT CONTENT IN FINE AGGREGATES o BULKING OF SAND o SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SAND COARSE AGGREGATE EXPERIMENT o CRUSHING VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATES o IMPACT VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATE o SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE LARGER THAN 10MM o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE.
• 5.
  CEMENT EXPERIMENT o NORMALCONSISTENCY OF CEMENT o INITIAL & FINAL SETTING TIME OF CEMENT o SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT o COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE EXPERIMENT o CRUSHING VALUE OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE o IMPACT VALUE OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE o SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE LARGER THAN 10MM o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE Experiments performed by us : LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
• 6.
  o SIEVE ANALYSISOF FINE AGGREGATES o SILT CONTENT IN FINE AGGREGATES o BUCKLING OF SAND Experiments of Fine Aggregates SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATES Apparatus: •Set of 7 sieves(10mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600micron, 300micron, 150 micron ,pan) for F.M. value of coarse aggregate. •Weighing balance (5kg) •Sieve shaker IS Sieve Size Weight Retained (Grams) Cumulative Weight Retained (Grams) Cumulative Percentage Weight Retained (F) Cumulative Percentage Weight Passing 10 mm 0 0 0 0 4.75 mm 0 0 0 0 2.36 mm 58 58 5.8 94.2 1.18 mm 243 301 30.1 69.9 600 micron 175 476 47.6 52.4 300 micron 168 644 64.4 35.6 150 micron 163 807 80.7 19.3 RESULT: Fineness modulus of fine Aggregate= Sum of F/100 = 228.6/100 F.M. = 2.286 Zone of Aggregate: fine aggregate ( 1st zone)
• 7.
  SILTCONTENTIN FINEAGGREGATES Sample no.Silt level H1 (ml) Sand level H2 (ml) % of silt content (H1/H2)*100 Average % of silt content 1. 25 220 11.36 2. 30 210 14.28 11.58% 3. 20 220 9.09 4. 25 215 11.62 Apparatus: •1000 ml glass measuring cylinder. RESULT: Silt Content= 11.58%
• 8.
  BULKINGOFSAND S. no. Heightof sand in containers H1 (ml) Ht. of sand in container when container is filled with water H2 (ml) % Bulking of sand (H1-H2/H2)* 100 1. 270 255 5.88 2. 270 240 12.5 Apparatus: •Balance, measuring cylinder 250ml capacity. RESULT: Bulking of sand= 12.5%
• 9.
  SPECIFIC GRAVITY OFFINE AGGREGATE Apparatus: •pycnometer SPECIFIC GRAVITY: W1= Weight of empty Pycnometer= 618gm W2= Weight of pycnometer with fine aggregate= 828gm W3= W2+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer= 1789gm W4= W1+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer completly= 1646gm Specific gravity of coarse aggregate=(W2-W1)/[(W2-W1)-(W3-W4)] =(986-618)/[(986-618)-(1861-1646)] Specific gravity =2.4
• 10.
  Experiments of Coarse AggregatesoCRUSHING VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATES o IMPACT VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATE o SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE LARGER THAN 10MM o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE CRUSHINGVALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATES Apparatus: • Steel cylinder with open ends, and internal dia 15.2cm, square base plate plunger having a piston of dia 15 cm, with a hole provided across the stem of the plunger so that a rod could be inserted for lifting or placing the plunger in the cylinder. • Cylindrical measuring having internal dia of 11.5cm and height 18cm. • Steel temping rod with one rounded end, having a dia of 1.6cm and length 45 to60cm. • Balance of capacity 3kg with accuracy upto 1gm. • Compressions testing machine capable of applying load of 400 KN at a uniform rate of loading of 40KN/min. • IS Sieve of size 12.5mm, 10mm & 2.36mm. • Oven: a thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining constant temperature between 100 °C to 110 °C.
• 11.
  Sample. No. Total weight of dry sample (W1) gm Weightof fines passing 2.36 mm IS Sieve (W2) gm Aggregate crushing Value = (W2/W1)* 100 % Average Aggregate crushing Value= avg. of column (4) 1. 2726 538 19.73 19.315 2. 2760 520 18.90 RESULT: Aggregate crushing value= 19.315%
• 12.
  IMPACT VALUE OFCOARSE AGGREGATE Apparatus:  Impact testing machine  Tamping rod of dia 1cm and 23cm long, rounded at one end.  Sieve of size 12.5mm, 10mm & 2.36mm.  Balance of capacity 3kg with accuracy upto 1gm.  Oven: a thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining constant temperature between 100° C to 110 ° C.
• 13.
  Sample. No. Totalweight of dry sample (W1) gm Weight of fines passing 2.36 mm IS Sieve (W2) gm Aggregate Impact Value = (W2/W1)*100 % Average Aggregate Impact Value= avg. of column (4) 1. 238 74 28.68 33.32 2. 237 90 37.97 Result: Aggregate ImpactValue=33.32%
• 14.
  SPECIFIC GRAVITYANDWATER ABSORPTIONOF COARSEAGGREGATELARGERTHAN10MM Apparatus:  A balance of capacity about 3kg. to weigh accurate to 0.5gm.  A thermostatically controlled oven to maintain temperature of 100 C to 110 C.  A density basket of not more than 6.3mm mesh and it has approximate 20cm dia and 20cm height.  A container for filling water and suspending the basket.  A shallow tray and two dry absorbent clothes,each not less than 75x45cm.
• 15.
   SPECIFIC GRAVITY: W1=Weight of empty Pycnometer= 618gm  W2=Weight of pycnometer with the coarse aggregate= 718.5gm  W3=W2+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer= 1708.5gm  W4=W1+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer completly= 1647.5gm  Specific gravity of coarse aggregate=(W2-W1)/[(W2-W1)-(W3-W4 =(718.5-618)/[(718.5-618)-(1708.5-1647.5)] Specific gravity =2.54
• 16.
  WATER ABSORPTION:  W1=Weightin grams of the saturated surface dry addregate in air= 2006gm  W2=Weight in grams of oven dried addregate in air= 1988gm  Water absorption of coarse aggregate=100(W1-W2)/W2 =100(2006- 1988)/1988 Water absorption =0.905%
• 17.
  SIEVE ANALYSIS OFCOARSE AGGREGATE Apparatus: •Set of 11 sieves(80mm,40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600micron, 300 micron,150micron,pan) for F.M. value of coarse aggregate. •Weighing balance(5 kg) •Sieve shaker
• 18.
  IS Sieve SizeWeight Retained (grams) Cumulative Weight Retained (grams) Cumulative Percentage Weight Retained (F) Cumulative Percentage Weight Passing 80 mm 0 0 0 0 40 mm 0 0 0 0 20 mm 0 0 0 0 10 mm 1584 1584 79.2 20.8 4.75 mm 366 1950 97.5 2.50 2.36 mm 50 2000 100 0 1.18 mm 0 2000 100 0 600 micron 0 2000 100 0 300 micron 0 2000 100 0 150 micron 0 2000 100 0 PAN 0 2000 100 0 RESULT: Fineness Modulus of coarse Aggregate= sum of F/100 = 775.7/100 F.M.= 7.757
• 19.
  Apparatus:  Vicat’s apparatus,with plunger(10 mm dia, 50 mm height,90 gm weight)  Suspended load on plunger 300 gm  Vicat Mould(internal dia at lower and upper end 80mm and 70mm and height 40mm)  Measuring cylinder (200ml capacity)  Glass plate 12cm*12cm*4mm  Trowel  Weighing balance NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT CEMENT EXPERIMENT oNORMAL CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT oINITIAL & FINAL SETTING TIME OF CEMENT oSOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
• 20.
  RESULT: Normal Consistencyof Cement = 32% by weight of dry Cement S.NO. Weight of Cement (gm) Percentage of water Volume of water (ml) Position of plunger from bottom (after penetration) (mm) 1. 400 25 100 35 2. 400 27 108 28 3. 400 30 120 17 4. 400 31 124 10 5. 400 32 128 5
• 21.
  INITIAL & FINALSETTING TIME OF CEMENT For calculation of initial & final setting time of cement weigh 400 gms of cement and prepare a cement paste with (.85P) times water required to make the paste of normal consistency. Apparatus:  Vicat’s apparatus, with standard needles(1 mm SQ) and conical ring(5 mm dia)  Vicat Mould(internal dia at lower and upper end 80mm and 70mm and height 40mm)  Measuring cylinder(200 ml capacity)  Stop watch and balance  Glass plate 12cm*12cm*4mm
• 22.
  RESULT: Initial SettingTimeof cement is found as 3 hours 10 min. S.No. Penetration of the needle from bottom (mm) Time (min) 1. 0 20 2. 0 40 3. 0 60 4. 0 80 5. 0 100 6. 0 120 7. 1 140 8. 1 150 9. 2 160 10. 3 170 11. 4 180 12. 5 190
• 23.
  FINAL SETTING TIMEOF CEMENT RESULT: Final setting time of cement is found as 5 hr. 10 min. S.No. Impression of needle (yes/no) Impression of annular collar (yes/no) Time (hr. & min.) 1. yes yes 3 hr 10 min 2. yes yes 3 hr 30 min 3. yes yes 3 hr 50 min 4. yes yes 4 hr 10 min 5. yes yes 4 hr 30 min 6. yes yes 4 hr 50 min 7. yes yes 5 hr 00 min 8. yes yes 5 hr 10 min 9. yes yes 5 hr 20 min 10. yes no 5 hr 30 min
• 24.
  SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT Apparatus: Le- Chatelier apparatus  Glass plate  Weight Balance  Measuring cylinder 100 ml capacity For soundness, cement is gauged with .78 times the water required fo standard consistency i.e. (.78P) S.No. Initial Reading (E1) (cm) Final Reading (E2) (cm) Expansion (E2-E1) (cm) 1. 1.3 1.6 0.3 2. 1.2 1.6 0.4 3. 1.1 1.4 0.3 RESULT: Soundness of Cement= 0.33 cm
• 25.
  SPECIFICGRAVITYOF CEMENT(OPC) Apparatus:  Abalance of capacity about 3kg. to weigh accurate to 0.5gm.  A thermostatically controlled oven to maintain temperature of 100 C to 110 C.  A density basket of not more than 6.3mm mesh and it has approximate 20cm dia and 20cm height.  A container for filling water and suspending the basket.  A shallow tray and two dry absorbent clothes,each not less than 75*45cm. SPECIFICGRAVITY: W1= Weight of empty Pycnometer= 618gm W2= Weight of pycnometer and the cement content= 828gm W3=W2+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer= 1789gm W4= W1+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer completly= 1646gm Specific gravity of coarse aggregate=(W2-W1)/[(W2-W1)-(W3-W4)] =(828-618)/[(828-618)-(1789-1646)] Specific gravity =3.13
• 26.
  S.NO. TYPE OF CEMENT COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH OF CEMENT (N/mm2) GRADE 3DAYS 7DAYS 1 OPC 43 27.28 35.1 2 OPC 43 20.86 34.8 3 OPC 43 16.85 35.35 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
• 27.
  RECYCLED COARSEAGGREGATE EXPERIMENT oCRUSHING VALUEOF COARSE AGGREGATES o IMPACT VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATE o SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE LARGER THAN 10MM o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE Apparatus: •Steel cylinder with open ends, and internal dia 15.2cm, square base plate plunger having a piston of dia 15 cm, with a hole provided across the stem of the plunger so that a rod could be inserted for lifting or placing the plunger in the cylinder. •Cylindrical measuring having internal dia of 11.5cm and height 18cm. •Steel temping rod with one rounded end, having a dia of 1.6cm and length 45 to 60cm. •Balance of capacity 3kg with accuracy upto 1gm. •Compressions testing machine capable of applying load of 400 KN at a uniform rate of loading of 40KN/min. •IS Sieve of size 12.5mm, 10mm & 2.36mm. •Oven: a thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining constant temperature between 100 C to 110 C.
• 28.
  Sample No. TotalWeight of Dry Sample (W1) (gm) Weight of fines passing 2.36 mm IS Sieve (W2) (gm) Aggregate Crushing Value= (W2/W1)*100 % Avg. aggregate crushing value= Average of column (4) 1. 2318 657 28.44 28.28 2. 2310 650 28.13 RESULT: Aggregate CrushingValue= 28.28%
• 29.
  IMPACT VALUE OFRECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATEApparatus:  Impact testing machine  Tamping rod of dia 1cm and 23cm long, rounded at one end.  Sieve of size 12.5mm, 10mm & 2.36mm.  Balance of capacity 3kg with accuracy upto 1gm.  Oven: a thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining constant temperature between 100 C to 110 C. Sample No. Total Weight of Dry Sample (W1) (gm) Weight of fines passing 2.36 mm IS Sieve (W2) (gm) Aggregate Impact Value= (W2/W1)*100 % Avg. aggregate Impact value= Average of column (4) 1. 218 77 35 31 2. 285 77 27.01  RESULT: Aggregate ImpactValue= 31%
• 30.
  SPECIFIC GRAVITYAND WATER ABSORPTIONOF RECYCLEDCOARSEAGGREGATELARGERTHAN 10MM Apparatus:  A balance of capacity about 3kg. to weigh accurate to 0.5gm.  A thermostatically controlled oven to maintain temperature of 100 C to 110 C.  A density basket of not more than 6.3mm mesh and it has approximate 20cm dia and 20cm height.  A container for filling water and suspending the basket.  A shallow tray and two dry absorbent clothes,each not less than 75*45cm.
• 31.
  SPECIFIC GRAVITY: W1=Weight ofempty Pycnometer= 618gm W2=Weight of pycnometer with recycled coarse aggregate= 778.5gm W3=W2+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer= 1700gm W4=W1+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer completly= 1647.5gm Specific gravity of coarse aggregate=(W2-W1)/[(W2-W1)-(W3-W4)] =(778.5-618)/[(778.5-618)-(1700-1647.5)] Specific gravity =1.48 WATER ABSORPTION: W1=Weight in grams of the saturated surface dry addregate in air= 2100gm W2=Weight in grams of oven dried addregate in air= 1941gm Water absorption of coarse aggregate=100(W1-W2)/W2 =100(2100-1941)/1941 Water absorption =8.19%
• 32.
  SIEVE ANALYSIS OFRECYCLED COARSEAGGREGATE Apparatus:  Set of 11 sieves(80mm,40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600micron, 300 micron,150micron,pan)  Weighing balance  Sieve shaker
• 33.
  RESULT: Fineness Modulusof Recycled Coarse Aggregate= Sum of F/100 = 790.35/100 F.M. = 7.90 IS Sieve Size Weight Retained (gm) Cumulative Weight Retained (gm) Cumulative Percentage Weight Retained (F) Cumulative Percentage Weight Passing 80 mm 0 0 0 0 40 mm 0 0 0 0 20 mm 29 29 1.45 98.55 10 mm 1750 1779 88.95 11.05 4.75 mm 220 1999 99.95 0.05 2.36 mm 1 2000 100 0 1.18 mm 0 2000 100 0 600 micron 0 2000 100 0 300 micron 0 2000 100 0 150 micron 0 2000 100 0 PAN 0 2000 100 0
• 34.
  MIX Design forM25 Concrete USING FRESH COARSEAGGREGATE (IS 10262- 1982) (MIX A)To do mix design for M25 Cement used- OPC 43 grade a) (fck)28 days = 25 N/mm2 (MPa) b) workability (medium slump) we know that, ft=fck+t*s Where, ft= target average compressive strength at 28 days fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days s= standard deviation t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low results and the number of tests(value should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)
• 35.
  Now taking t=1.65(asper IS 456-1978and IS 1343-1980,the characteristic strength is defined as that value below which not more than 5 percent (1 in 20)results are expected tofall. In such case, the above equation will reduce to: Ft=Fck+1.65s now, s=5.3 for M25 Good quality control Ft=33.745N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.42 as perfigure 1 of IS 10262-1982 now, 28dayscement compressive strength= 53N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.475as per figure 2 of IS 10262-1982 design for normal concrete using normal coarse aggregate 1) air content- for MAS20mm=2% MAS water content per cubic meter of concrete sand as percent of total aggregate by absolute volume 20 186 35
• 36.
  For M25 concrete,fine aggregate zone 2, water-cementratio-0.6 compact factor- 0.8 now takingthe workability- medium-slumpvalue= 50 to 100 compaction factor= 0.92(ref. MS Shetty page no. 225) now taking the condition as moderate-designfor reinforced concrete min. cementcontent= 400 kg/m3 (300) max.water- cementratio= 0.5 (taken 0.475for M25) Adjustment of values in water content and sand percentage for other conditions change adjustment required in (1) Water content (2) Percentage, sand in total aggregate (3) Decrease in w/c ratio (0.6-0.475)=0.125 0 -3.0 Increase in compacting factor (0.92-0.8)=0.12 +3.0 0 Sand conforming to zone 1 0 +1.5 +3.0 -1.5
• 37.
  Required sand contentas a %of total aggregate byabsolute volume=35-1.5=33.5% required water content,V=186+(186*3/100) V=191.61kg/m3 determination of cement content, w/c ratio=0.475 water=191.61kg/m3 cement= 191.61/0.475=403.368kg/m3 (>300kg/m3) Required sand content as a % of total aggregate byabsolute volume=35-1.5=33.5% required water content,V=186+(186*3/100) V=191.61kg/m3 determination of cement content, w/c ratio=0.475 water=191.61kg/m3 cement= 191.61/0.475=403.368kg/m3 (>300kg/m3)
• 38.
  determination of coarseand fine aggregate fine aggregate: 0.98=[191.61+(403.368/3.164)+{(1/0.335)*(fa/2.4183)}]/100 fa=535.426 kg/m3 coarse aggregate: 0.98=[191.61+(403.368/3.164)+{(1/0.665)*(Ca/2.54)}]/100 Ca=1116.3486 kg/m3 the mix proportionthen become:- water=191.6 kg cement=403.368 kg sand=535.426 kg coarse aggregate=1116.3486 kg
• 39.
  Then,ratio of actualquantities required for mix per beg of cement, water:cement:sand:coarse aggregate=0.475:1:1.3273:2.767 now for 50 kgcement; sand=66.365kg coarse aggregate=138.35kg a) water=23.75leters b) extra water to be added for absord by coarse aggregate taking @ 0.90%by mass=(.90/100)*138.35 =1.245(+) c) quqntity of water to bededucted for freemoisturepresent inthe sand, 1% by mass=(1/100)*66.365 =0.66365 actual quantity of water to be added=23.75+1.245-0.66365 =24.33135liters actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the free moisture=66.365+0.66365 =67.02865kg
• 40.
  actualmix constituentsfor1 begofcement; water=24.33leters cement=50kg sand=67.028kg coarseaggregate=137.105kg for1 cuberatioofthe constituentsare0.486:1:1.3405:2.742 for 9 cubes ratio of theconsitituentsare 6.804:14:18.767:38.388
• 41.
  MIX Design forM25 Concrete USING RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE (IS 10262-1982) (MIX B) To do mix design for M25 Cement used-OPC 43 grade (fck)28 days = 25 N/mm2 (MPa) workability (medium slump) we know that, ft=fck+t*s Where, ft= target average compressive strength at 28 days fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days s= standard deviation t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low results and the number of tests(value should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982) Now taking t=1.65 (as per IS 456-1978 and IS 1343-1980, the characteristic strength is defined as that value below which not more than 5 percent (1 in 20) results are expected to fall. In such case, the above equation will reduce to: Ft=Fck+1.65s now,
• 42.
   s=5.3 forM25 Good quality control Ft=33.745 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.42 as per figure 1 of IS 10262-1982 now, 28 days cement compressive strength= 53 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.475 as per figure 2 of IS 10262-1982 design for normal concrete using normal coarse aggregate 1) air content- for MAS 40mm= 1%  MAS water content per cubic meter of concrete sand as percent of total aggregate by absolute volume 40 165 30
• 43.
   For M25concrete, fine aggregate zone 2, water- cement ratio-0.6 compact factor- 0.8 now taking the workability- medium-slump value= 50 to 100 compaction factor= 0.92 (ref. MS Shetty page no. 225) now taking the condition as moderate-design for reinforced concrete min. cement content= 300 kg/m3 max. water- cement ratio= 0.5 (taken 0.475 for M25)
• 44.
  Adjustment of valuesin water content and sand percentage for other conditions change adjustment required in (1) Water content (2) Percentage, sand in total aggregate (3) Decrease in w/c ratio (0.6-0.475)=0.125 0 -3.0 Increase in compacting factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1 +3.0 0 Sand conforming to zone 2 0 +1.5 +3.0 -1.5
• 45.
   Required sandcontent as a % of total aggregate by absolute volume=30-1.5=28.5% required water content,V=165+(165*3/100) V=169.95 kg/m3  V=170 kg/m3 determination of cement content, w/c ratio=0.475 water=170kg/m3 cement= 170/0.475=357.89 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)  = 358 kg/m3  determination of coarse and fine aggregate fine aggregate:  1-0.01=0.99=[170+(358/3.164)+{(1/0.285)*(fa/2.41)}]/1000 fa=483.486 kg/m3 coarse aggregate:
• 46.
   0.99=[170+(368/3.164)+{(1/0.715)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000 Ca=1283.64 kg/m3 themix proportion then become:- water=170 kg cement=358 kg sand=483.486 kg coarse aggregate=1283.64 kg  Then,ratio of actual quantities required for mix per beg of cement, water:cement:sand:coarse aggregate=0.475:1:1.35:3.585 now for 50 kg cement; sand=67.5 kg coarse aggregate=179.25 kg water=23.75 leters extra water to be added for absord by recycled coarse aggregate taking @ 8.19% by mass=(8.19/100)*179.25 =14.68(+) quantity of water to be deducted for free moisture present in the sand, 1% by mass=(1/100)*67.5 =0.675(-)
• 47.
   actual quantityof water to be added=23.75+14.68- 0.675 =37.755 liters actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the free moisture=67.5+0.675 =68.175 kg  Actual quantity of recycled coarse aggregate required=179.25-14.68=164.57kg actual mix constituents for 1 beg of cement; water=37.755 leters cement=50 kg sand=68.175 kg coarse aggregate=164.57 kg for 1 cube ratio of the constituents are 0.755:1:1.363:3.2914 for 9 cubes ratio of the consitituents are 10.57:14:19.082:46.06
• 48.
  MIX Design forM25 Concrete USING RIVER SAND AND STONE DUST AS SAND FOR NORMAL COARSE AGGREGATE (IS 10262-1982) (MIX C)  To do mix design for M25  Cement used- OPC 43 grade  (fck)28 days = 25 N/mm2 (MPa)  b) workability (medium slump)  we know that, ft=fck+t*s  Where,  ft= target average compressive strength at 28 days  fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days  s= standard deviation  t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low results and the number of tests(value should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)  Now taking t=1.65 (as per IS 456-1978 and IS 1343-1980, the characteristic strength is defined as that value below which not more than 5 percent (1 in 20) results are expected to fall. In such case, the above equation will reduce to:
• 49.
   Ft=Fck+1.65s now, s=5.3 forM25 Good quality control Ft=33.745 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.42 as per figure 1 of IS 10262- 1982 now, 28 days cement compressive strength= 53 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.475 as per figure 2 of IS 10262- 1982 design for normal concrete using normal coarse aggregate 1) air content- for MAS 20mm= 2%
• 50.
  MAS water contentper cubic meter of concrete sand as percent of total aggregate by absolute volume 20 186 35 For M25 concrete, fine aggregate zone 2, water-cement ratio-0.6 compact factor- 0.8 now taking the workability- medium-slump value= 50 to 100 compaction factor= 0.92 (ref. MS Shetty page no. 225) now taking the condition as moderate-design for reinforced concrete min. cement content= 300 kg/m3 max. water- cement ratio= 0.5 (taken 0.475 for M25)
• 51.
  Adjustment of valuesin water content and sand percentage for other conditions change adjustment required in (1) Water content (2) Percentage, sand in total aggregate (3) Decrease in w/c ratio (0.6-0.475)=0.125 0 -3.0 Increase in compacting factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1 +3.0 0 Sand conforming to zone 4 0 -3.0 +3.0 -6
• 52.
   Required sandcontent as a % of total aggregate by absolute volume=35-6=29% required water content,V=186+(186*3/100) V=191.6 kg/m3  determination of cement content, w/c ratio=0.475 water=191.6kg/m3 cement= 191.6/0.475=403.368 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)  determination of coarse and fine aggregate fine aggregate:  1-0.02=0.98=[191.6+(403.37/3.164)+{(1/0.29)*(fa/2.58)}]/1000 fa=494.36 kg/m3 coarse aggregate:  0.98=[191.6+(403.37/3.164)+{(1/0.71)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000 Ca=1191.9 kg/m3 the mix proportion then become:-
• 53.
   water=191.6 kg cement=403.368kg sand=494.36 kg coarse aggregate=1191.9 kg  Then,ratio of actual quantities required for mix per beg of cement, water:cement:sand:coarse aggregate=0.475:1:1.2255:2.955 now for 50 kg cement; sand=61.275 kg coarse aggregate=147.75 kg water=23.75 leters extra water to be added for absord by normal coarse aggregate taking @ 0.90% by mass=(.90/100)*147.75 =1.33(+) quantity of water to be deducted for free moisture present in the sand, 1% by mass=(1/100)*61.275 =0.612(-) actual quantity of water to be added=23.75+1.33-0.612 =24.47 liters actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the free moisture=61.275+0.612 =61.89 kg
• 54.
   Actual quantityof coarse aggregate required=147.75-1.33=146.42 kg actual mix constituents for 1 beg of cement; water=24.47 leters cement=50 kg sand=61.89 kg coarse aggregate=146.42 kg for 1 cube ratio of the constituents are 0.489:1:1.238:2.93 for 9 cubes ratio of the consitituents are 6.846:14:17.332:41.02 
• 55.
  MIX Design forM25 Concrete USING RIVER SAND AND STONE DUST AS SAND FOR RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE (IS 10262-1982) (MIX D)  To do mix design for M25  Cement used- OPC 43 grade  (fck)28 days = 25 N/mm2 (MPa)  b) workability (medium slump)  we know that, ft=fck+t*s  Where,  ft= target average compressive strength at 28 days  fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days  s= standard deviation
• 56.
   t= astatistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low results and the number of tests(value should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)  Now taking t=1.65 (as per IS 456-1978 and IS 1343-1980, the characteristic strength is defined as that value below which not more than 5 percent (1 in 20) results are expected to fall. In such case, the above equation will reduce to: Ft=Fck+1.65s now, s=5.3 for M25 Good quality control Ft=33.745 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.42 as per figure 1 of IS 10262-1982 now, 28 days cement compressive strength= 53 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.475 as per figure 2 of IS 10262-1982 design for normal concrete using normal coarse aggregate
• 57.
  1) air content-for MAS 20mm= 2% MAS water content per cubic meter of concrete sand as percent of total aggregate by absolute volume 20 186 35 For M25 concrete, fine aggregate zone 2, water-cement ratio-0.6 compact factor- 0.8 now taking the workability- medium-slump value= 50 to 100 compaction factor= 0.92 (ref. MS Shetty page no. 225) now taking the condition as moderate-design for reinforced concrete min. cement content= 300 kg/m3 max. water- cement ratio= 0.5 (taken 0.475 for M25) Adjustment of values in water content and sand percentage for other conditions
• 58.
  change adjustment requiredin (1) Water content (2) Percentage, sand in total aggregate (3) Decrease in w/c ratio (0.6-0.475)=0.125 0 -3.0 Increase in compacting factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1 +3.0 0 Sand conforming to zone 4 0 -3.0 +3.0 -6 Required sand content as a % of total aggregate by absolute volume=35-6=29% required water content,V=186+(186*3/100) V=191.6 kg/m3
• 59.
   determination ofcement content, w/c ratio=0.475 water=191.6kg/m3 cement= 191.6/0.475=403.368 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)  determination of coarse and fine aggregate fine aggregate:  1- 0.02=0.98=[191.6+(403.37/3.164)+{(1/0.29)*(fa/2.58)}]/1000 fa=494.36 kg/m3 coarse aggregate:  0.98=[191.6+(403.37/3.164)+{(1/0.71)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000 Ca=1191.9 kg/m3 the mix proportion then become:-
• 60.
   water=191.6 kg cement=403.368kg sand=494.36 kg coarse aggregate=1191.9 kg  Then,ratio of actual quantities required for mix per beg of cement, water:cement:sand:coarse aggregate=0.475:1:1.2255:2.955 now for 50 kg cement; sand=61.275 kg coarse aggregate=147.75 kg water=23.75 leters extra water to be added for absord by recycled coarse aggregate taking @ 8.19% by mass=(8.19/100)*147.75 =12.09(+) quantity of water to be deducted for free moisture present in the sand, 1% by mass=(1/100)*61.275 =0.612(-)
• 61.
   actual quantityof water to be added=23.75+12.09-0.612 =35.227 liters actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the free moisture=61.275+0.612 =61.89 kg  Actual quantity of coarse aggregate required=147.75- 12.09=135.09 kg actual mix constituents for 1 beg of cement; water=35.227 leters cement=50 kg sand=61.89 kg coarse aggregate=135.61 kg for 1 cube ratio of the constituents are 0.7045:1:1.238:2.7122 for 9 cubes ratio of the consitituents are 9.863:14:17.332:37.9708
• 62.
  MIX Design forM25 Concrete USING RIVER SAND AND STONE DUST AS SAND AND PPC CEMENT FOR NORMAL COARSE AGGREGATE (IS 10262-1982) (MIX E)  To do mix design for M25  Cement used- PPC  (fck)28 days = 25 N/mm2 (MPa)  b) workability (medium slump)  we know that, ft=fck+t*s  Where,  ft= target average compressive strength at 28 days  fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days  s= standard deviation  t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low results and the number of tests(value should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)
• 63.
   Now takingt=1.65 (as per IS 456-1978 and IS 1343-1980, the characteristic strength is defined as that value below which not more than 5 percent (1 in 20) results are expected to fall. In such case, the above equation will reduce to: Ft=Fck+1.65s now, s=5.3 for M25 Good quality control Ft=33.745 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.42 as per figure 1 of IS 10262-1982 now, 28 days cement compressive strength= 43 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.42 as per figure 2 of IS 10262-1982 design for normal concrete using normal coarse aggregate 1) air content- for MAS 20mm= 2%
• 64.
  MAS water contentper cubic meter of concrete sand as percent of total aggregate by absolute volume 20 186 35 For M25 concrete, fine aggregate zone 4, water-cement ratio-0.6 compact factor- 0.8 now taking the workability- medium-slump value= 50 to 100 compaction factor= 0.92 (ref. MS Shetty page no. 225) now taking the condition as moderate-design for reinforced concrete min. cement content= 300 kg/m3 max. water- cement ratio= 0.6 (taken 0.42 for M25) Adjustment of values in water content and sand percentage for other conditions
• 65.
  change adjustment requiredin (1) Water content (2) Percentage, sand in total aggregate (3) Decrease in w/c ratio (0.6-0.42)=0.18 0 -4.0 Increase in compacting factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1 +3.0 0 Sand conforming to zone 4 0 -3.0 +3.0 -7.0 Required sand content as a % of total aggregate by absolute volume=35-7=28% required water content,V=186+(186*3/100) V=191.6 kg/m3 determination of cement content, w/c ratio=0.42 water=191.6kg/m3 cement= 191.6/0.42=456.2 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)
• 66.
   determination ofcoarse and fine aggregate fine aggregate:  1- 0.02=0.98=[191.6+(456.2/3.15)+{(1/0.28)*(fa/2.58)}]/1 000 fa=464.92 kg/m3 coarse aggregate:  0.98=[191.6+(456.2/3.15)+{(1/0.72)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000 Ca=1176.9 kg/m3 the mix proportion then become:-
• 67.
   water=191.6 kg cement=456.2kg sand=464.92 kg coarse aggregate=1176.9 kg  Then,ratio of actual quantities required for mix per beg of cement, water:cement:sand:coarse aggregate=0.42:1:1.019:2.57 now for 50 kg cement; sand=50.95 kg coarse aggregate=128.5 kg water=21 leters extra water to be added for absord by normal coarse aggregate taking @ 0.90% by mass=(.90/100)*128.5 =1.156(+)
• 68.
   quantity ofwater to be deducted for free moisture present in the sand, 1% by mass=(1/100)*50.95 =0.50(-) actual quantity of water to be added=21+1.156-0.50 =21.656 liters actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the free moisture=50.95+.50 =51.45 kg  Actual quantity of coarse aggregate required=128.5-1.156=127.34 kg actual mix constituents for 1 beg of cement; water=21.656 leters cement=50 kg sand=51.45 kg coarse aggregate=127.34 kg for 1 cube ratio of the constituents are 0.433:1:1.029:2.54 for 9 cubes ratio of the consitituents are 6.062:14:14.406:35.56
• 69.
  MIX Design forM25 Concrete USING RIVER SAND AND STONE DUST AS SAND AND PPC CEMENT FOR RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE (IS 10262-1982) (MIX F)  To do mix design for M25  Cement used- PPC  (fck)28 days = 25 N/mm2 (MPa)  b) workability (medium slump)  we know that, ft=fck+t*s  Where,  ft= target average compressive strength at 28 days  fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days  s= standard deviation  t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low results and the number of tests(value should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)
• 70.
   Now takingt=1.65 (as per IS 456-1978 and IS 1343-1980, the characteristic strength is defined as that value below which not more than 5 percent (1 in 20) results are expected to fall. In such case, the above equation will reduce to: Ft=Fck+1.65s now, s=5.3 for M25 Good quality control Ft=33.745 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.42 as per figure 1 of IS 10262-1982 now, 28 days cement compressive strength= 43 N/mm2 for water cement ratio=0.42 as per figure 2 of IS 10262-1982 design for normal concrete using normal coarse aggregate 1) air content- for MAS 20mm= 2%
• 71.
  MAS water contentper cubic meter of concrete sand as percent of total aggregate by absolute volume 20 186 35 For M25 concrete, fine aggregate zone 4, water-cement ratio-0.6 compact factor- 0.8 now taking the workability- medium-slump value= 50 to 100 compaction factor= 0.92 (ref. MS Shetty page no. 225) now taking the condition as moderate-design for reinforced concrete min. cement content= 300 kg/m3 max. water- cement ratio= 0.6 (taken 0.42 for M25) Adjustment of values in water content and sand percentage for other conditions
• 72.
  change adjustment requiredin (1) Water content (2) Percentage, sand in total aggregate (3) Decrease in w/c ratio (0.6-0.42)=0.18 0 -4.0 Increase in compacting factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1 +3.0 0 Sand conforming to zone 4 0 -3.0 +3.0 -7.0 Required sand content as a % of total aggregate by absolute volume=35- 7=28% required water content,V=186+(186*3/100) V=191.6 kg/m3 determination of cement content, w/c ratio=0.42 water=191.6kg/m3 cement= 191.6/0.42=456.2 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)
• 73.
   determination ofcoarse and fine aggregate fine aggregate:  1-0.02= 0.98=[191.6+(456.2/3.15)+{(1/0.28)*(fa/2.58)}]/1000 fa=464.92 kg/m3 coarse aggregate:  0.98=[191.6+(456.2/3.15)+{(1/0.72)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000 Ca=1176.9 kg/m3 the mix proportion then become:-
• 74.
   water=191.6 kg cement=456.2kg sand=464.92 kg coarse aggregate=1176.9 kg  Then,ratio of actual quantities required for mix per beg of cement, water:cement:sand:coarse aggregate=0.42:1:1.019:2.57 now for 50 kg cement; sand=50.95 kg coarse aggregate=128.5 kg water=21 leters extra water to be added for absord by recycled coarse aggregate taking @ 8.19% by mass=(8.19/100)*128.5 =10.52(+)
• 75.
   quantity ofwater to be deducted for free moisture present in the sand, 1% by mass=(1/100)*50.95 =0.50(-) actual quantity of water to be added=21+10.52-0.50 =31.01 liters actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the free moisture=50.95+.50 =51.45 kg  Actual quantity of recycled coarse aggregate required=128.5-10.52=117.98 kg actual mix constituents for 1 beg of cement; water=31.01leters cement=50 kg sand=51.45 kg coarse aggregate=117.98 kg for 1 cube ratio of the constituents are 0.6202:1:1.029:2.3596 for 9 cubes ratio of the consitituents are 8.683:14:14.406:33.0344 
• 76.
  RESULTS  Compressive strengthat different stages by using natural aggregate S NO. Concrete containing ingredients 7 days (N/mm2) 28 days (N/mm2) 1 MIXA 27.22 35.00 2 MIX C 27.66 3 MIX E 25.55
• 77.
  Compressive strength atdifferent stages by using recycled aggregate S NO. Concrete containing ingredients 7 days (N/mm2) 28 days (N/mm2) 1 MIX B 24.88 31.61 2 MIX D 21.38 3 MIX F 20.88
• 78.
  CONCLUSION  The strengthof concrete using OPC with fresh coarse aggregate in general increses slitely when the equal proportion of river sand & stone dust are used in place of sand.  While the strength of concrete using PPC with fresh coarse aggregate in general decreases when the equal proportion of river sand & stone dust are used in place of sand.
• 79.
   The strengthof concrete using OPC with recycled coarse aggregate in general decreases when the equal proportion of river sand & stone dust are used in place of sand.  While the strength of concrete using PPC with recycled coarse aggregate in general decreases when the equal proportion of river sand & stone dust are used in place of sand.
• 80.
  Preeti Gangwar SiddharthSharma ShanuAggarwal PrateekJhanji SaptrishiMandal VaibhavSrivastav Presented By: