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Prevention and mitigation of soil pollution
- 1. Prevention and mitigation of soil pollution K. Maheshwaran, Asst.Prof. (SS&AC) Sethu Bhaskara Agricultural College & Research Foundation
- 3. Objectives To improve physical, chemical and biological properties of soil To increase organic matter content in soil To increase soil fertility To make unavailable form of nutrients into available form Clean earth
- 4. Types of solid wastes Depending on the nature of origin, solid wastes are classified into 1. Urban or municipal wastes 2. Industrial wastes 3. Hazardous wastes Solid waste management
- 5. Sources of municipal wastes Domestic wastes containing a variety of materials thrown out from homes Ex: Food waste, Cloth, Waste paper, Glass bottles, Polythene bags,Waste metals, etc. Commercial wastes It includes wastes coming out from shops, markets, hotels, offices, institutions, etc. Ex: Waste paper, packaging material, cans, bottle, polythene bags, etc. Solid waste management
- 6. Construction wastes It includes wastes of construction materials. Ex:Wood, Concrete, Debris, etc. Biomedical wastes It includes mostly waste organic materials Ex:Anatomical wastes, Infectious wastes, etc. Solid waste management
- 7. Classification of urban wastes Bio-degradable wastes: Those wastes that can be degraded by micro organisms are called bio- degradable wastes Ex: Food, vegetables, tea leaves, dry leaves, etc. Non-biodegradable wastes: Urban solid waste materials that cannot be degraded by micro organisms are called non-biodegradable wastes. Ex: Polythene bags, scrap materials, glass bottles, etc. Solid waste management
- 8. Sources of industrial wastes Chemical industries, metal and mineral processing industries. Nuclear plants: It generated radioactive wastes Thermal power plants: It produces fly ash in large quantities Other industries: Other industries produce packing materials, rubbish, organic wastes, acid, alkali, scrap metals, rubber, plastic, paper, glass, wood, oils, paints, dyes, etc Solid waste management
- 9. Effect of improper solid waste management Due to improper disposal of municipal solid waste on the roads and immediate surroundings, biodegradable materials undergo decomposition producing foul smell and become a breeding ground for disease vectors. Industrial solid wastes are the source for toxic metals and hazardous wastes that affect soil characteristics and productivity of soils when they are dumped on the soil Solid waste management
- 10. Toxic substances may percolate into the ground and contaminate the groundwater. Burning of industrial or domestic wastes (cans, pesticides, plastics, radioactive materials and batteries) produce furans, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls that are harmful to human beings. Solid waste management
- 11. Steps involved in solid waste management
- 12. Reduce If usage of raw materials is reduced, the generation of waste also gets reduced
- 13. Reuse Refillable containers that are discarded after use can be reused Rubber rings can be made from discarded cycle tubes and this reduces waste generation during manufacture of rubber bands
- 14. Recycle Recycling is the reprocessing of discarded materials into new useful products Ex: Old aluminium cans and glass bottles are melted and recast into new cans and bottles Preparation of cellulose insulation from paper Preparation of automobile body and construction material from steel cans
- 16. In a sanitary landfill, garbage is spread out in thin layers, compacted and covered with clay or plastic foam Land fill
- 17. It is a hygenic way of disposing solid waste. It is suitable if waste contains more hazardous material and organic content. It is a thermal process and very effective for detoxification of all combustible pathogens Incineration
- 18. It is another popular method practiced in many cities in our country. In this method, bulk organic waste is converted into fertilizer by microbial action Composting
- 26. Neem tree
- 27. Acacia
- 28. Vaagai tree- Albizia lebbeck
- 29. Prosopis
- 31. Antioxidative enzymes Catalase Super oxide dismutase (SOD) Glutathione reductase Oxidoreductase Activity of all the enzymes was responsible for phytoremediation