Process of sterilization and inoculation

Process of sterilization and inoculation

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  Submitted to MaamMaryum Submitted by khadija khawar Program Biotechnlogy Roll # 14011579-010
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  Topic : sterilization
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  Sterilization • Sterilization isthe process of killing all forms of microbial life in or on the given object or preparation • Articles having direct application on humans and animals are subjected to sterilization • These materials include gloves, drugs, laboratory equipments, surgical equipment, etc
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  Methods of sterilization Sterilizationis done by 2 main methods  Physical methods • Heat • Radiation • Filtration  Chemical methods • gaseous sterilants • Liquid sterliants
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  Physical methods  Heat •It is the most reliable method. The application of heat is a simple, cheap and effective method of killing pathogens. Methods of heat application vary according to the specific application. • There are two types of heat i. moist heat ii. Dry heat.
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  Radiations • UV, x-raysand gamma rays are used • X-rays and gamma rays are ionizing and far more penetrating • UV has limited penetration , kill DNA of microbes Filtration • Filters are used to sterilize heat sensitive materials • enzymes, vaccines,drugs and vitamins • Filter microbes
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  Chemical methods Propylene oxide •In industry for sterilizing culture media, powdered and flaked foods, barley seeds and dried fruits Beta- Propiolactone • Used in the pharmaceutical industry to sterilize plasma and vaccines and to fumigate houses
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  Ethylene Oxide: • Ethyleneoxide gas treatment is one of the common methods used to sterilize because of its wide range of material compatibility. • It is also used to process items that are sensitive to processing with other methods, such as radiation
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  Aldehyde • Glutaraldehyde andformaldehyde solutions are liquid sterilizing agents. • Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde are volatile, and toxic by both skin contact and inhalation. • The mechanism of action of formaldehyde is based on protein denaturation. Phenol: • Phenolics are phenol (carbolic acid) derivatives. These biocides act through membrane damage and are effective against enveloped viruses, fungi and vegetative bacteria.
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  Alcohols • Ethanol or2-propanol is used to disinfect skin and decontaminate clean surfaces. • These are effective against fungi, vegetative bacteria, Mycobacterium species and some viruses. • Alcohols work through the disruption of cellular membranes, solubilization of lipids, and denaturation of proteins by acting directly on S- H functional groups.