Project guideline for 4th stage students

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Koya University
Faculty of Engineering
School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum Department
Notes
To support students working
on their final year project
4th Stage
By
Farhad A. H. Khoshnaw

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Contents
Working on the Project.......................................................................2
General Project Style ..........................................................................3
Typographical Design .........................................................................4
Referencing ..........................................................................................6
Plagiarism...........................................................................................13
Oral Presentation (Seminar) ............................................................13

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Working on the Project
Students are formally permitted to proceed to work leading to the completion of the project
once they have achieved the agreement from the head of the department. However, they are
encouraged to embark on the planning and background preparation as soon the topic area has
been agreed. Such initial preparatory work may include:
 Clarification of objectives
 Identification of key references
 Background reading
 Planning for data acquisition (surveys, external sources or fabricated data).
For the work itself, students will have normal right to the University library and computing
resources and to software and specialist equipment available as part of the course provision.
Funds are not normally available to help with the cost of surveys, equipment or other
resources. The programme tutor will provide details as they become available.
Students are expected to maintain a close contact with their supervisors. In the early stages of
the work, there are likely to be weekly meetings. Once satisfactory progress is being made,
contact may become less frequent with some meetings being replaced by e-mail or other
contacts. For work-based students, the supervisor will visit the student in the workplace at
least twice. It is desirable that a workplace mentor is also involved in these meetings so that
there is an ongoing commitment to the work from the employer.
The supervisor will advise on the content and structure of the work, on the technical aspects
and on the general progress and work schedule. The supervisor will also comment on draft
submissions. For one chapter, you can expect more detailed feedback relating to all aspects of
style, structure and content. However, for subsequent chapters, the feedback will be less
detailed. It is not the job of the supervisor to proof-read or rewrite your work.
For the project to succeed, it needs to be managed effectively. You will need to develop and
maintain a clear work programme. This should include appropriate milestones relating to, for
example, acquisition of key references; completion of review; planning of surveys or case
studies; development of analysis and evaluation; preparation of final draft; final submission
for binding.

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General Project Style
The form of presentation of the project will depend on the subject matter of the research work
and the approach and methodology adopted [e.g. experimentation, field studies, desk research
... etc.]. There are, however, certain conventions to be followed in all cases. The project
should include the following elements:
 Preliminaries including title page; abstract; acknowledgement; table of contents; lists of
illustrations, charts, diagrams; list of tables as appropriate. The abstract should be typed in
single spacing and should not exceed one page.
 The main text should comprise well-defined chapters and sub-sections. The introductory
chapter of the project should contain: a clear description of the problem or topic to be dealt
with; a statement of the aim and objectives of the work; the relevance of the problem in
the field of study; any necessary context and background to prepare the reader for the
more detailed content; and a summary of the difficulties encountered and the limitations of
the work. It should also outline the research design and the data sources and
methodologies used. The main chapters should contain a review of related literature, such
as the key references, standards and recent research. The original work carried out by the
student including any critical or analytical content and evaluation should then be
presented.
 Conclusions should be provided at the end of the project, together with a note of
recommendations for future work.
 A list of reference sources (with or without a bibliography) should be provided.
 Appendices may be used to gather together supplementary materials such as copies of
questionnaires, supporting documents, raw data ... etc. Appendices, if included, should
appear at the end of the project.
It is expected that the project will be written concisely, with good technical style and
appropriate use of English. A typical length will be around 60 pages. Excessively long project
will not be accepted and students should consult their supervisor in cases where the main
content (excluding appendices) exceeds 100 pages.

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Typographical Design
Overall format: A4 single-sided paper.
Margins: Left - no less than 30mm[1.25 inch], others no less than 25mm[1 inch],
including page numbers.
Character size: No less than size 12 point type Times New Roman.
Line spacing: Text shall be 1.5 line spaced (excluding abstract).
Paragraphs: Flush left with one additional line space between paragraphs (use
justified).
Consistency: The same expression appears in the same form throughout the document.
Headings: No more than 4 levels may be used (as shown below); spacing with
preceding and subsequent text should be no less than that between
paragraphs.
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data collection methods
4.2.1 Requirement of the method
4.2.2 Duration of data collection
4.2.2.2 ........etc.
Figures: Illustrations should be professionally drawn. Lettering within illustrations
should be large enough that the smallest elements will still be clear and
legible. Titles should be provided at the bottom of the Figure (as shown
below). If a Figure is extracted from another source, the source should be
indicated at the foot of the Figure and included in the Reference List.

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Figure 4.3 Typical speed distributions from traffic field surveys
Tables: Should be clear and legible with the title at the top of the Table (as shown
below). ). If a Table is extracted from another source, the source should be
indicated at the foot of the Table and included in the Reference List.
Table 3.11 Typical tests and properties to be monitored for highway maintenance
Property Method
Longitudinal Profile / Ride Quality HRM / RSS
Rut Depth HRM / RSS
Transverse Profile RSS
Skid Resistance SCRIM
Equations: Should be clear, legible and numbered (as shown below).
Vt =Vs + [s
2
/Vs] ......... equation 3.3
where,
Vt is the time mean speed
Vs is the space mean speed
s
2
is the standard deviation ofVs.
Other notes: All pages should be numbered.
You are encouraged to use original photographs and clearly labelled
diagrams where these provide clarification or illustration to support the
text.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
32 37 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 82 87
Velocity (m/s)
Frequency

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Referencing
A vital aspect in preparing a project is the inclusion of accurate references and sources of
illustrations and tables. A general bibliography may also be provided.
When written information is obtained from books or articles it must not be simply repeated
word-for-word. Such individual quotes should take the following form:
 Indirect quote
For example:
Earlier studies indicated that the general trends of ....(Howard, 1993).
However, a short quotation may be included if referenced. Short quotations, under four lines
of prose, should be placed in the body of the text and enclosed in quotation marks.
 Direct quote (short)
For example: Howard (1993) showed that “the general trends in drivers ......”.
Longer quotations must be proceeded by a colon; they should be set off from the text and
indented and typed in single spacing. In this case, quotation marks should not be used.
 Direct quote (long)
For example:
.....the general trends in drivers ....... (Howard, 1993, p.22)
In all cases, sources of arguments and facts gleaned from books and articles should be
acknowledged in the text by giving the surnames(s) of the author(s) and the date of
publication [e.g. Taylor and Young(1988) or if more than two authors, Prescott et al.(1990)].
In some cases it may be appropriate to indicate page numbers too [e.g. Salter(1988, pp.11-
32)].
If two or more books or articles by the same author(s) and from the same year are cited, the
labels a, b, c, ...etc. should be added to the year of publication [e.g. Wilson(1974a)].

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The references should be listed in full at the end of the project (in alphabetical order).
Material used in the project is likely to be obtained from a range of sources including books,
journals, reports, conferences ...etc. Below are some examples of how each reference should
be listed. Your reference list should include complete citations for only those references cited
in the text.
If the source is a Book / Thesis:
Chin, H.C. (1983) Descaling Using High Spray systems. Ph.D. Thesis, University of
Southampton.
Nasr, GG. (2002) Industrial Sprays and Atomisation, First edition, ISBN 203045,
Springer Verlag.
If the source is a Journal Article:
Branston, D. (1976) Models of Distributions. Transportation Science, Vol. 10, No. 2,
May, pp. 125-148.
Mathews, D.H. and Maclean A.D. (1976) Management Operation, Management
Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 5, May, pp. 194-197.
If the source is a Research Report:
Lines, C.J. (1981) The Effect of Sprays. Hamworthy Combustion Research Laboratory,
Supplementary Report 707, Crowthorne.
If the source is a Conference paper:
Scale Formation in Iranian Oil Reservoir and Production Equipment during Water Injection,
Int. Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Paper No. 80406, Aberdeen, UK, Jan 2003. Scale
Prediction and Remediation for Deep Water Field, Int. Symposium on Oilfield Scale,
Aberdeen, UK, Jan 2003.
Kenneth. G., McDonough .A. (2001) Hard Scale Removal in West Texas. Schlumberger
Oilfield Services, Proceedings of the Annual Southwest Petroleum Short Course, Society of
Petroleum Engineers, USA. ,Page 141-147.

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If the source is an Unpublished Work:
Immers, L.H. (1980) Simulation Performance. Delft University of Technology,
Proceedings of the 12th UTSG Conference, (unpublished), University of Newcastle
Upon Tyne.
There are several particulars on the presentation of references which are evident from the
examples above:
The author’s name(s) is clearly shown on the left.
 The year is shown after the author’s name.
 The title of books, research journals and theses are underlined, but not the title of papers or
chapters.
 The place of publication proceeds the publisher’s name.
 In case of journals, the volume number is given, followed by page references to the paper
or article concerned.
 There is a clear convention for punctuation which must be adhered to.
 When material is unpublished, it should be clearly stated.
For references drawn from the internet, the referencing convention needs to ensure that the
following details are provided where possible: Author(s) name (if applicable); title with a
brief description; World Wide Web (www) address; Date of publication, if known and Date
of access. This information should be presented on a separate page, after the list of
references. Typical examples follow:
Internet World Wide Web URL
Product Information Summary, Messina Inc. Stimulation Scale Inhibitors, Stimulation/
Production Chemicals http://www.messina-oilchem.com/Stimulation/Stimulation-SI.html,
08th
November 2000, (Accessed 9th
September 2002).
Ecobiotec Limited (2000), Microbial Control of Paraffin, Scale, Corrosion and Emulsion.
Santa Cruzde la Sierra, Bolivia,www.ecobiotec.com, January 2000. (Accessed 30th
Sep
2002).

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5.4 Layout and binding
Candidates are required to submit two copies of the project, which shall become the property
of the University and must be spiral bounding in black. The front cover should be printed
with the title of the project, candidate name and year of submission.
It is expected that no more than one volume will be required, but in exceptional cases where
there are two volumes, the volume number in the format Vol. I of II ...etc. shall be shown
after the title of the project.
Example of Title Page
Underbalanced Drilling Technology
JOHN R. SMITH
School of Computing, Science and Engineering
University of Salford
This project is submitted in part fulfilment of the
requirements for the Bsc degree in petroleum engineering
2013-2014

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Example of Declaration Statement
DECLARATION
“I, John Smith, declare that this project is my own work.
Any section, part or phrasing of more than 20 consecutive
words that is copied from any other work or publication has
been clearly referenced at the point of use and also fully
described in the reference section of this project.”
“Signed ......................................................................”
ii

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Example of List of Contents
CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE i
DECLARATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii
ABSTRACT iv
NOMENCLUTRE v
ABBREVIATIONS VI
CHAPTER ONE - (Title) 1
1.1 (headings & sub-headings) 1
CHAPTER TWO - (Title) 4
2.2.1 (headings & sub-headings) 6
(and so on)
REFERENCES
Appendices: 105
APPENDIX A 119
APPENDIX B 124
(could be several pages)

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Example of List of Figures
LIST OF FIGURES
Page No.
Figure 2.1 (Title) 7
(and so on)
(could be several pages)
Example of List of Tables
LIST OF TABLES
Page No.
Table 3.1 (Title) 24
(And so on)
(Could be several pages)
Note: You may also include a list of symbols, abbreviations and glossary of terms.

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Plagiarism
Students are reminded that you are not permitted to present work done by others and claim it
as your own. To do so constitutes a serious instance of unfair practice. You are required to
familiarise yourself with the University‟s policy and guidelines on plagiarism.
The guidelines advise that, in order to comply with the fundamental requirement that all
contents of the project are original, students must ensure that:
a) Words, phrases and passages taken verbatim from a published work be placed
in quotation marks and the source acknowledged
b) Quotations take the form of brief extracts which focus on the point.
It is acceptable to summarise or paraphrase an author‟s words but the source of such
summary must be properly acknowledged.
Oral Presentation (Seminar)
Once the project is substantially complete, but before the final formal submission, students
will be required to give an oral presentation of the work. This will allow the student to
demonstrate effective communication skills, in line with the criteria for assessment. It will
also provide a further opportunity for feedback before the final submission. The presentation
should last between 15 and 20 minutes with up to a further 10 minutes for questions.
Presentations may be supported by visual aids, but you should liaise with the head of
department if special facilities need to be provided.
There will be opportunity for a „dry-run‟, presenting to other students in the group. The
presentation itself will be assessed by a panel comprising the supervisor and moderator. They
will be basing their assessment on
 Logical structure;
 Effective delivery;
 Good use of visual aids;
 Familiarity with the topic;
 Ability to respond to questions.

Project guideline for 4th stage students

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