Quadratic Equations Graphing
- 1. Graphing Quadratic Functions y = ax 2 + bx + c
- 2. Quadratic Functions The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola . A parabola can open up or down. If the parabola opens up, the lowest point is called the vertex. If the parabola opens down, the vertex is the highest point. NOTE: if the parabola opened left or right it would not be a function! y x Vertex Vertex
- 3. Standard Form y = ax 2 + bx + c The parabola will open down when the a value is negative. The parabola will open up when the a value is positive. The standard form of a quadratic function is y x a > 0 a < 0
- 4. Line of Symmetry Parabolas have a symmetric property to them. If we drew a line down the middle of the parabola, we could fold the parabola in half. We call this line the line of symmetry . The line of symmetry ALWAYS passes through the vertex. Or, if we graphed one side of the parabola, we could “fold” (or REFLECT ) it over, the line of symmetry to graph the other side. y x Line of Symmetry
- 5. Finding the Line of Symmetry Find the line of symmetry of y = 3 x 2 – 18 x + 7 When a quadratic function is in standard form The equation of the line of symmetry is y = ax 2 + bx + c , For example… Using the formula… This is best read as … the opposite of b divided by the quantity of 2 times a . Thus, the line of symmetry is x = 3.
- 6. Practice Find the Axis of Symmetry for each of the following Quadratic Functions y = x 2 – 4x + 3 y = x 2 – 2x + 1 y = -x 2 –2x + 3 y = -x 2 + 4x – 3 y = x 2 – 2x y = -x 2 + 2x y = x 2 – 1
- 7. Practice - Answers Find the Axis of Symmetry for each of the following Quadratic Functions y = x 2 – 4x + 3 y = x 2 – 2x + 1 y = -x 2 –2x + 3 y = -x 2 + 4x – 3 y = x 2 – 2x y = -x 2 + 2x y = x 2 – 1 x = 2 x = 1 x = -1 x = 2 x = 1 x = 1 x = 0
- 8. Finding the Vertex We know the line of symmetry always goes through the vertex. Thus, the line of symmetry gives us the x – coordinate of the vertex. To find the y – coordinate of the vertex, we need to plug the x – value into the original equation. STEP 1: Find the line of symmetry STEP 2: Plug the x – value into the original equation to find the y value. y = –2 x 2 + 8 x –3 y = –2(2) 2 + 8(2) –3 y = –2(4)+ 8(2) –3 y = –8+ 16 –3 y = 5 Therefore, the vertex is (2 , 5)
- 9. Practice Find the Vertex for each of the following Quadratic Functions y = x 2 – 4x + 3 y = x 2 – 2x + 1 y = -x 2 –2x + 3 y = -x 2 + 4x – 3 y = x 2 – 2x y = -x 2 + 2x y = x 2 – 1
- 10. Practice - Answers Find the Vertex for each of the following Quadratic Functions y = x 2 – 4x + 3 y = x 2 – 2x + 1 y = -x 2 –2x + 3 y = -x 2 + 4x – 3 y = x 2 – 2x y = -x 2 + 2x y = x 2 – 1 Vertex = (2, -1) Vertex = (1, 0) Vertex = (-1, 4) Vertex = (2, 1) Vertex = (1, -1) Vertex = (1, 1) Vertex = (0, -1)
- 11. A Quadratic Function in Standard Form The standard form of a quadratic function is given by y = ax 2 + bx + c There are 3 steps to graphing a parabola in standard form. STEP 1 : Find the line of symmetry STEP 2 : Find the vertex STEP 3 : Find two other points and reflect them across the line of symmetry. Then connect the five points with a smooth curve. Plug in the line of symmetry ( x – value) to obtain the y – value of the vertex. MAKE A TABLE using x – values close to the line of symmetry. USE the equation
- 12. STEP 1 : Find the line of symmetry Let's Graph ONE! Try … y = 2 x 2 – 4 x – 1 A Quadratic Function in Standard Form Thus the line of symmetry is x = 1 y x
- 13. Let's Graph ONE! Try … y = 2 x 2 – 4 x – 1 STEP 2 : Find the vertex A Quadratic Function in Standard Form Thus the vertex is (1 ,–3). Since the x – value of the vertex is given by the line of symmetry, we need to plug in x = 1 to find the y – value of the vertex. y x
- 14. 5 – 1 Let's Graph ONE! Try … y = 2 x 2 – 4 x – 1 STEP 3 : Find two other points and reflect them across the line of symmetry. Then connect the five points with a smooth curve. A Quadratic Function in Standard Form y x 3 2 y x