Reading-and-writing-11_Academic-Writing.pptx

BOOK REVIEW OR
ARTICLE CRITIQUE

BOOK REVIEW OR ARTICLE CRITIQUE
• Describes and evaluates a work of fiction or
nonfiction and offers the book’s overall purpose,
structure, and style of narration to the unknown
readers.
• It tells not only what a book is about, but also
how successful it is at what it is trying to do. It
is a sneak peek at a book, not a summary.

• As a Reviewer, you bring together the two
strands of accurate, analytical reading and
strong, personal response when you indicate
what the book is about and what it meant to
readers.

WRITING A BOOK REVIEW
1. describing the content of the pages
2. analyzing how the book achieved its purpose
3. expressing your most personal comments,
reactions, and suggestions.

ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the author’s viewpoint and purpose?
2. What are the author’s main points?
3. What kind of evidence does the author use to prove his or her
points?
4. How does this book relate to other books on the same topic?
5. Does the author have the necessary expertise to write the book?
6. What are the most appropriate criteria by which to judge the
book?
7. How successful do you think the author was in carrying out the
overall purposes of the book?

If it is a short review, you may not
be able to fulfill your purpose. If it is
too long, it may stray too much of
the plot or of the content, you may
lose the interest of your readers.

Take this general guideline: the
length of the review depends upon
the length of the book itself, and a
review should not be less than 100
words. Longer books usually ask for
more than 500 words.

A book review title should be based on your
total impression of a book.
Strong Tiltle
“Drew girl power to new height”
“A night owl that seldom sleeps even during
daytime”
“Beautiful illustrations with a story to
match,” “Perfect for a weekend getaway.”

A book review title should be based on your total
impression of a book.
WEAK TITLES ARE:
“State of the art book”
“Five stars”
“A breath of fresh air”
“Fast and furious.”

How do you START writing a book review?
1. Identify the book by author, title, and sometimes
publishing information.
2. Specify the type of book (for example: fiction,
nonfiction, biography, and autobiography). Help your
readers to review with perspective.
3. Mention the book’s theme.
4. Include background, if necessary, to enable reader/s to
place the book into a specific context.
5. You may also use an interesting quote, an interesting
fact, or an explanation of a concept or term.

What do you DO with the content?
1. For nonfiction books like biography,
history, and the like: pay primary attention
to the major points (the argument) the
author is putting forth and to the sources
the author has drawn upon to back up
his/her point of view.

2. For fictional works such as novels, chick lit,
graphic novels, manga: Pay attention primarily to
the novel or book’s setting, plot, style, characters,
theme/s, use of language and voice.
Caution: Do not give away the story for no one
appreciates a spoiler!

3. Provide your reactions to the book.
4. Describe the book.
5. Respond to the author’s opinions and
analyze it.
6. Explore issues the book raises.

How do you CONCLUDE?
1. Relate your argument to other books
or authors.
2. Relate the book to larger issues.
3. Tie together issues raised in the
review.
4. Briefly restate your main points and
your thesis statement.

How do you CONCLUDE?
5. Indicate how well the book has achieved
its goal, what possibilities are suggested by
the book, what the book has left out, how the
book compares to others on the subject,
what specific points are not convincing, and
what personal experiences you’ve had related
to the subject.

How do you REVISE the draft?
1. Correct grammatical mistakes and
punctuation as you find them.
2. Read your paper through again looking for
unity, organization, and logical development.
3. If necessary, do not hesitate to make
major revisions in your draft.
4. Verify quotations for accuracy and check
the format and content of references.

LITERATURE REVIEW
is a type of academic essay that examines
what has already been written about a
topic. As a collection of published research
about your topic by recognized scholars and
researchers, it is a way for you to examine
also what has already been done regarding
your research question or problem.

Literature reviews consist of the following components
and purposes:
• Introduction
• Main Body
• Conclusion
• Reference

Introduction
• defines the topic and the scope being
considered
• notes intentional exclusions
• states the general findings of the review and
the availability of the sources

Main Body
• Organizes the evaluation of the sources whether
chronologically or thematically
• showcases the critical summary and evaluation of
the research premise, methodology, and conclusion
• uses grammatical connectors, relational words or
phrases, and transitional devices

Conclusion
• summarizes the key findings of the
review
• offers the reviewer’s justification of
the conducted research

References
• reflects the in-text citations
• contains complete and correct
citations

RESEARCH REPORT
is a long, formal essay, usually five to
fifteen pages in length, which presents
the writer’s views and findings on a
chosen subject.

RESEARCH REPORT
• However, it is not just a long composition
which follows the principles of good writing.
• It is a scholarly work and not just a collection
of notes lifted from many different sources
and strung together, one after the other.

Components of a Research Report
• Title
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methodology
• Results
• Discussion
• References

TITLE
• It reflects the content and emphasis
of the project described in the report.
• Similarly, it should be as short as
possible, including essential key
words.

ABSTRACT
• It is an overview of the research study
and is typically two to four paragraphs in
length containing 200-300 words.
• Think of it as an executive and technical
summary that gathers the key elements
of the remaining sections into a few
sentences.

INTRODUCTION
• It provides the key question that the researcher is
attempting to answer and a review of any literature that
is relevant.
• In addition, the researcher will provide a rationale of
why the research is important and will present a
hypothesis that attempts to answer the key question.
Lastly, it should contain a summary of the key question
following the completion of the research.

Methodology
• This is arguably the most important section for
two reasons:
(1) it allows readers to evaluate the quality of
the research, and
(2) it provides the details by which another
researcher may replicate and validate the
findings.

Methodology
Typically, the information in the
methodology section is arranged in
chronological order with the most
important information on top of each
section.

Results
• In longer research papers, the results
section contains the data and perhaps a
short introduction.
• Ideally, the interpretation of the data and
the analysis is reserved for the discussion
section.

Discussion
• This section is where the results of the
study are interpreted and evaluated
against the existing body or literature.
• In addition, should there be any
anomalies found in the results, this is
where the authors point them out.

References
• This section provides a list of each
author and paper cited in the
research report. Any fact, idea, or
direct quotation used in the report
should be cited and referenced.

SUMMARY
Reporting is one of the academic activities
in senior high school. That is why,
critically thinking a problem, processing
the problem, and proposing possible
solutions to that problem may offer a
huge leap to effect positive changes to
your school and to your community.

Reading-and-writing-11_Academic-Writing.pptx

PROJECT PROPOSAL
is a document that is written for
problem solving, service provision,
event planning, or equipment selling.

PROJECT PROPOSAL
Generally, proposals are used to
convince the reader to do what the
proposal suggests, such as buying
goods or services, funding a project,
or implementing a program.

PROJECT PROPOSAL
• Proposals in the professional world are used
for internal (within an organization) and
external (from one organization to another)
purposes.
• They are ways of generating income for
companies or seeking funding for projects.
This is provided to the sponsor of the project
for approval.

PROJECT PROPOSAL
A proposal stands out depending on its
ability to clearly answer questions about
what is being proposed, how the plan will be
carried out, when it will be implemented,
and how much money will be needed or
spent.

PROJECT PROPOSAL
As a student, you have been familiarized with writing proposals -
maybe even without you knowing it. Whenever you envision, plan,
and complete a project for your science class or your club outreach,
you are thinking about fulfilling a need for something. This process
may involve writing a paper or doing a presentation in front of an
audience to get their approval. While proposal writing may seem like
an intimidating task, they can be made easier by following the
guidelines in writing and familiarizing yourself with the parts of a
project proposal. (Projectmanager 2018)

Guidelines in Writing the Proposal
1.Gathering the Data
2.Organizing the Data
3.Writing the Proposal
4.Revising the Proposal
(Tiongson and Rodriguez 2016)

1. Gathering the Data
• One of the characteristics of an effective proposal
is being well- researched. It needs concrete data to
back up its claims so it can become more credible.
• You can gather data from primary and secondary
sources and apply the strategies that you learned
in writing a research paper in the previous lessons.

2. Organizing the Data
• A proposal becomes more effective if the
information on it is clearly organized.
• You can use the parts of the proposal to guide
you in your organization or use an outline to
structure your discussion more effectively.

3. Writing the Proposal
• Fill out the parts of the
proposal with the relevant
data.

4. Revising the Proposal
• Make sure to review your proposal for
accuracy and organization before you
send it out. A good proposal will be
comprehensive and will put your
organization in the best light.

Formatting the Project Proposal
Proposals are primarily categorized according to their
length. An informal proposal is about 2-4 pages long.
Meanwhile, a formal proposal has 5 or more pages.
Regardless of their purpose and audience, they have
standard parts such as the following:
1. Introduction
2. Project Description

Introduction
This part provides the background
necessary for understanding the
project.

Introduction
• Rationale - this identifies the problem to be addressed and shows
the need to solve it.
• Objectives - these reveal what the project intends to achieve in
terms of results. It also gives the reader an idea of the intended
solution. Good objectives are SMART (Specific, Measurable,
Attainable, Results-oriented, and bound within a realistic Time
frame).
• Benefits - these show what the reader or the target audience can
gain from the proposal, which may be improvements in processes
or systems, an increase in revenue, or a change in behavior of the
beneficiaries of the proposal.

Project Description
• This section gives specific information about
the project itself. It indicates how the project
will address the identified problem through
the following parts:
• Methodology
• Schedule
• Budget

Project Description
• Methodology – this entails the different activities; the
project will take on, including the manpower (i.e., the people
involved and their duties), resources to be utilized and the
expanded output.
• Schedule - this discusses the task duration and expected
start and end dates of each activity in the project.
• Budget - this presents an analysis of all the costs
anticipated in the project, which can be itemized or shown
as a whole, depending on the needs of the project.

Note: Organizations usually provide interested
parties with a required format for project
proposals, so make sure that you follow the
prescribed format. (Brighthubpm 2009)

POSITION PAPER
• Is a composition that highlights an opinion
of an author or specified entity about an
issue.
• As a debate, it presents one side of an
arguable opinion and persuades the
readers or audience that the author has a
well-founded knowledge about the issue.

POSITION PAPER
After choosing the argument to take, you must present relevant
supporting evidence like:
(Rutgers 1998)
1. Factual knowledge, which are valid and verifiable information
2. Statistical inferences, which are conclusions drawn from data gathered
3. Informed opinions, which are based on knowledge of the facts and
carefully considered principle, and rely on evidence instead of limited
personal experience
4. Personal testimony, which are personal or first-hand experience of the
writer or knowledgeable party

The Introduction
-identifies the issue that will be discussed and states
the author’s position on that issue.
A. Introduce your topic with background information
B. Build up your thesis statement which asserts your
position
• Fast food restaurants are bad for our health.
• Fast food packages should contain warning labels.

The Body
-contains the central argument and can be further broken up into
sections:
A. Possible objections to your position (counter argument)
• Whose job is it to determine which restaurants are bad?
• Such labels would affect the profits of major corporations.
B. A discussion of both sides of the issue, which addresses and refutes
arguments that contradict the author’s position (your argument)
• It would be difficult and expensive for any entity to determine
which restaurants should adhere to the policy.
• Nobody wants to see the government overstepping its
boundaries.

The Body
C. Explain that your position is still the best one, despite the
strength of counterarguments. This is where you can work to
discredit some of the counterarguments and support your
own.
• Restaurants might improve the standards of food if warning
labels were put into place.
• The role of the government is to keep citizens safe.

Conclusion
-restating the key points and when applicable,
suggest resolution to the issue.
(Thoughtco 2020)
A. restate your position
B. provide Plan of Action

Reading-and-writing-11_Academic-Writing.pptx

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