Realtime 3D Visualization without GPU
- 1. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 1 3D VIZ WITHOUT THE GPU The PV-4D Render Engine
- 2. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 2 Content 1. Introduction 2. Features 3. Examples 4. Technology 5. Target Applications & Competition 6. Implementation: XtreemView
- 3. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 3 Introduction PV-4D is a parallel 3D render engine, i.e. software/code to generate images from three (or more) dimensional datasets. completely CPU based, i.e. does not require graphic hardware capable of rendering huge datasets scalable, i.e. adjust the hardware to the problem not vice versa. able to deliver photorealistic renderings as well as game/animation style images easy and intuitive to implement in a software solution
- 4. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 4 Introduction PV-4D directly supports three different kind of data types: 1. Volumetric Data (e.g. seismic data, MRI/CT datasets, 3D X-Rays, …) 2. Triangulated Objects (e.g. CAD/CAM, Games, Architecture, Film, …) 3. Polygon Objects (i.e. hexahedrons / tetrahedrons, e.g. reservoir simulations) Besides those datasets, PV-4D has an interface for regular OpenGL programming, thus users can add custom objects easily into and/or on top of a 3D scene
- 5. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 5 Features High quality display of full real amplitude values (32bit float) in HD quality. Easy and gradual blending between two volumetric datasets. Volume rendering on entire datasets. Transparency set by alpha value for the color, associated to certain values. Real-time support for full quality zoom, pan, and rotate, as well as scaling and translating individual objects within the scene Perspective and parallel projection for easy orientation and fast, distortion free browsing through large datasets. Easy cross-section displays and slicing of x, y and z planes. Easy advanced slicing along I, j, k hexa-planes with range selection in real-time using rebuilt multi bounding volume hierarchy. Instant read-out of cursor position and amplitude value(s) at any given position.
- 6. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 6 Features PV-4D directly supports triangles, voxels, hexahedrons; all other objects indirectly with OpenGL Full scene graph for easy management of multiple objects OpenGL can co-exist in both directions using depth buffer management: PV-4D OpenGL OpenGL PV-4D Available 32bit z-Buffer for integration of user objects with OpenGL/Mesa On single node systems, OpenGL can be used directly on the GPU, on multi-node systems, Mesa3D is used. Engine switches automatically Engine comes with documentation as well as example code snippets to illustrate how it is used.
- 7. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 7 Features State-of-the-art geometry handling (compiler, traversal, intersection) Full HDR pipeline Scene lighting using HDR environment maps (individual light sources under development) High-Quality texture filtering High-Quality anti-aliasing C/C++ library (Intel compiler required to link because of specific intrinsics) Builds under Linux, Windows and Mac (parallel version only for Linux)
- 8. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 8 Examples High-Quality CAD Visualization ~ 25 million triangles Resolution: 2800 × 1050 Full ray differentials HQ texture and normalmap filtering Un-compressed textures (up to 4k x 4k) 16x anti-aliasing Mitchell-Netravali-Filter reconstruction Fully interactive framerate
- 9. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 9 Examples Dynamic Fairy With Shadows ~ 170,000 triangles (< 5 ms rebuild) Keyfreame animation with 100k triangles Resolution: 2800 × 1050 Full ray differentials HQ texture and normalmap filtering Un-compressed textures (up to 2 k × 2 k) 8 × anti-aliasing Cone-filter reconstruction > 60 fps on average
- 10. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 10 Examples Triangulated CAD Model ~ 350 million triangles Resolution: 2800 × 1050 Triangles distorted/displaced on purpose by model provider No textures, but up to uncompressed 4k x 4k possible Fully interactive framerate on a single workstation
- 11. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 11 Examples Interactive Volume Rendering 2x 57GB seismic dataset First rendered using volume rendering, focusing on interesting layers with high amplitude values Second rendered as regular volume and cut back to reveal transparent one Resolution: 1900 x 1050 Full 32bit float value used Fully interactive framerate on a dual workstation setting
- 12. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 12 Technology Realtime CPU-based parallel Raytracing, i.e. no special graphics hardware required, and no bandwidth bottleneck between main memory and GPU memory. Keep all data in memory: instant access at all times Parallel and scalable: match hardware to problem! Parallel handling of data: double the hardware, double the speed Main Memory, RAM (256GB) CPU File System Graphic Card 4 – 8 GB ~100 GB/s ~8 GB/s Main Memory, RAM (256GB) CPU Main Memory, RAM (256GB) CPU Main Memory, RAM (256GB) CPU Main Memory, RAM (256GB) CPU Main Memory, RAM (256GB) CPU Main Memory, RAM (256GB) CPU Main Memory, RAM (256GB) CPU Main Memory, RAM (256GB) CPU Parallel File System ~100 GB/s each Classic approach: Data runs through GPU for visualization and needs to go through 8GB/s bottleneck. PV-4D approach: Omit GPU and do all visualization on CPU and in parallel.
- 13. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 13 Technology: GPI2 Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) solution by Fraunhofer ITWM Allows to create large block of memory over many compute nodes with direct read and write access for all nodes asynchronous communication Uses Ethernet (10GB / 40GB) or Infiniband Interconnects Allows fastest image composition even with large number of compute nodes (the more nodes are calculating an image, the harder the compositing step)
- 14. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 14 Technology Several patented algorithms for under-the-hood tasks Fast algorithms for bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) traversing Hybrid acceleration structures with dual multi BVH State of the art quad / hexahedron intersection detection Realtime primitive compilers Fastest software based image compositing over many nodes
- 15. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 15 Anyone who needs fast, large scale data visualization Oil & Gas Communication Processing & Interpretation Interpretation Departments Processing DepartmentsAutomotive Design Stage Virtual Showroom Medical X-Ray, CRT, MRI Filming/ Gaming Animated Movies Fast CGI Architecture Life walk-through Photorealistic … Possible Application Fields
- 16. © Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 16 QUESTIONS? Tobias Goetz North-America Representative Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM) Competence-Center High-Performance Computing San Francisco, CA 94103 cell: +1 (510) 908-0867 mail: [email protected]