Recommendations of Kothari Commission
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The Kothari Commission of 1964-1966, also known as the Education Commission, was tasked with reviewing India's education system and providing recommendations. The Commission was chaired by Dr. D.S. Kothari and had 17 members including 5 foreign experts. It provided extensive recommendations on reforming curriculum, improving teacher quality, increasing access to education, and making education more relevant to India's needs for national development, social cohesion, and modernization. The Commission's report emphasized that education is the most powerful tool for national development and shaping India's future.
Recommendations of Kothari Commission
- 1. EDUCATION COMMISSION 1964-66 (KOTHARI COMMISSION / INDIAN EDUCATION) DR.C.THANAVATHI Department of History Education V.O.C.C.E. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 2. Previous committee ……… National women education committee ( 1959 ) by Shreemati durgabai deshmukh Hansha mehta committee ( 1961 ) by Hansha mehta Bhakta Vatsalam committee (1963) by Sree Bhakta Vatsalam ( C.M of Madras) 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 3. Chairman : Dr D.S.Kothari, the then Chairman of University Grants Commission. The fourth commission in post-independent India. Government Resolution setting up the Education Commission on July 14, 1964 began its task on October 2,1964 and submitted its report to the Government on June 29,1966. Report entitled- Education and National Development 17members in which 5 foreign experts from countries such as USA, U.K, USSR, France and Japan. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 4. FEATURES: 1) It tried to cover every field and aspect of the entire educational system. 2) Its firm belief that education is the most powerful instrument of national development. The opening sentence of the commission, the destiny of India is being shaped in her classrooms, denotes the value of education that determine the level of prosperity, welfare and future of the country. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 5. MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS 1) AIMS OF EDUCATION Education should be related to the life, needs and aspirations of the people so that the national objectives may be achieved. (a) Education for increasing productivity Make science education an integral part of school course. Work experience Vocational education to meet the needs of industry, commerce, agriculture etc. Improvement of scientific and technical education and research at the university stage. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 6. (b) Education for social and national integration Common school system Social service programmes Teaching of languages, literature, philosophy and history of India. (C) Education for modernization Adopting new methods of teaching. Proper development of intrinsic attitudes and values and building essential skills like independent training. Emphasizing teaching of vocational subjects and science. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 7. (d) Development of Democracy The success of democracy depends on the enlightened citizenship and enlightened citizenship is based on the education of the masses. Education is the most powerful instrument to make the people aware of their rights and responsibilities. (e) Cultivation of social, moral and spiritual values Education system should emphasize the development of fundamental, social, moral and spiritual values. The commission recommended the study of major religions of the world. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 8. 2) EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE AND STANDARD General education should last for a period of 10 years.( 4 years lower primary, 3 years of higher primary and 3 years of lower secondary education). Prior to general education, pre-primary education should also be given. The theme of higher secondary education should be fixed for 2 years. After degree course there should be a post graduate course of three years. The graduate course should be extended from two to three years. The number of instructional days in a year should be increased to about 234(39weeks) for schools and 216 (36 weeks)for colleges and pre-primary schools. Holidays should be minimized. No need to close an educational institution on a religious holiday. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 9. 3) TEACHER STATUS It is necessary to improve the economic, social and professional status of the teachers. The scale of pay of teachers of Government and non- Government schools should be the same. A State Board of Teachers’ Education should be established in each state. The period of training of teachers with secondary course should be two years. The course of M.Ed should be 1-1/2 years. The Teachers of the training colleges should have two degrees namely, the Master’s Degree and Degree in Education The students of the training institutions should be given free education. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 10. 4) CURRICULUM Lower Primary- One language: Mother tongue or regional language. Mathematics, Study of environment, Creative activities, Work Experience, Health Education etc. Higher Primary- Two languages: Mother tongue or regional language, Hindi or English. Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, Art, Work Experience, Social Service, Physical Education, Education in moral and spiritual values etc. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 11. Lower Secondary- Three languages: In non-Hindi speaking areas :Mother tongue or regional language, Hindi in higher or lower standard, English in higher or lower standard. In Hindi speaking areas: Mother tongue or regional language, English or Hindi, One modern Indian language besides Hindi. Mathematics, Science, Art, Work Experience, Physical Education, Education of moral and spiritual values, Civics, History, Geography etc. Higher Secondary-Any two languages, which should include any modern Indian language, any modern foreign language and any classical language. Any three subjects to be selected from the following: One additional language, History, Geography, Economics, Logic, Psychology, Art, Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology, Home Science, Work Experience, Physical Education, Arts and Crafts, Education in moral and spiritual values etc. 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 12. OTHER MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS… Minimum scales of pay for teachers Retirement age Maximum utilisation of school facilities College to be related to a number of schools Free textbooks at the primary stage Adequate number of scholarships Residential facilities in schools Education of the handicapped Education of the backward classes Freedom to schools for experimental curricula 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 13. Establishment of school complexes The Indian Education Service Co-curricular activities Guidance and counselling Evaluation 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 14. RECOMMENDATION OF KOTHARI COMMISSION ON EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY Equal opportunity to all ( Caste, Religious, Gender etc ) Providing free education upto H.S Primary pay stop providing free education for lower secondary level Distribute book, playing kit free of cost H.S & university education free for quality student Book bank in M.P & H.S school Library & sufficient book Scholarship 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 15. RECOMENDATION OF KOTHARI COMMISSION ON THE EDUCATION OF BACKWARD CLASSES Establish of residential school and employment residential teacher Apply local language for teaching Hostel facility Providing tuition ( up to university ) Financial helping ( backward classes ) Arrangement Teacher training Providing vocational education 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 16. RECOMENDATION OF KOTHARI COMMISSION ON WOMEN EDUCATION Organization of committee for women education (central, state) Establishment of women school Establishment of women hostel Arrangement of equal curriculum Providing occupational scope for women Arrangement of fine Arts Not mandatory of home science Full time recruitment ( married women ) 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA
- 17. CONT…….. Expectancy of ratio M.P 1:2 H.S 1:3 Encourage towards science subject Arrangement of vocational scope Participation of women in various jobs 11/17/2016DR.C.THANA