Relative clauses b1

Relative clauses b1

• 1.
  RELATIVE CLAUSES
• 2.
  Relative Clauses are formed by joining2 sentences: - “Peter is the student”+ “He comes from Glasgow”: “Peter is the student WHO comes from Glasgow”. - “The books are on the table” + “They are mine”: “The books WHICH are on the table are mine”. - “I’ve just met Tom” + “Tom seems to be a nice guy”: “I’ve just met Tom, WHO seems to be a nice guy” - “I’d love to visit London”+ “It is a beautiful city”: - “I’d love to visit London, WHICH is a beatiful city”
• 3.
  Remember: When we join2 sentences with a Relative Pronoun or Adverb, we have to omit the noun/ pronoun/ possessive that the Relative replaces (In the previous sentences: He/ They/Tom /it) Relative Clauses go RIGHT AFTER the Noun they modify.
• 4.
  1. Defining RelativeClauses They define, give us essential information about a general term or expression. Defining Relative Clauses are not put in commas: - I talked to the man who gave you the news. - I read the letter which came this morning. (Which man ? The one who gave you the news.) (Which letter? the one that arrived this morning.)
• 5.
  Remember: Use WHO torefer to people and WHICH to refer to animals, things, … “THAT” can replace WHO and WHICH in Defining Relative Clauses : Did you know the girl WHO/THAT came to the party yesterday? The book WHICH/THAT I’m reading is very interesting.
• 6.
  OMISSION OF WHO, WHICH ANDTHAT: WHO, WHICH and THAT can be the Subject of the Relative Clause: - I’ve talked to the man WHO sold me his car. (Who replaces The man and is the Subject of the Clause “sold me his car”) - The dog WHICH barks every night is my neighbour’s. (Which is the Subject of the clause “barks every night”)
• 7.
  They can alsobe the Object : - I loved the film (WHICH/ THAT) we saw last night. - The man (WHO/THAT) you mentioned is a writer. When The Relative is the Object, it can be (and it is usually) omitted in Defining Relative Clauses.
• 8.
  Other Relatives: WHEN (THAT) shows Time: -I will never forget the day + I met my best friend that day: I’ll never forget the day (WHEN/THAT) I met my best friend. (WHEN can also be omitted in Defining Relative Clauses).
• 9.
  WHERE refers to Places: -Thisis the hotel + We are staying at the hotel next weekend: This is the hotel WHERE we are staying next weekend. - The city is interesting + my sister is living in the city: The city WHERE my sister is living is interesting.
• 10.
  WHOSE shows Possession andit replaces a Possessive adjective or an ’s possessive: - The man was crying + His house was on fire: The man WHOSE house was on fire was crying. - Have you met the people? + Their son is moving to Washington: Have you met the people WHOSE son is moving to Washington?
• 11.
  I bought ahouse. It was advertised in the local paper. REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING: WHO, WHICH, THAT, WHEN, WHERE or WHOSE I bought a house that/which was advertised in the local newspaper Venice is a wonderful place. We spent our last holiday there. Venice is a wonderful place where we spent our last holiday This is the boy. I met him yesterday. This is the boy (that/who) I met yesterday.
• 12.
  He showed ushow to create a computer-based game. It was very interesting. He showed us how to create a computer-based game that/which was very interesting. That's the boy. I told you about him last night That's the boy (that/who) I told you about last night. REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING: WHO, WHICH, THAT, WHEN, WHERE or WHOSE The girl was crying. Her cat was lost The girl whose cat was lost was crying.
• 13.
  They've sold thehouse. They lived there. They've sold the house where they lived. I've just finished reading a book. It is an amazing book. I've just finished reading a book that/which is amazing. REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING: WHO, WHICH, THAT, WHEN, WHERE or WHOSE I’ll never forget the day. My son was born that day. I’ll never forget the day (when/that) my son was born.
• 14.
  2. Non-Defining RelativeClauses They give us more (extra) information about a person, animal, thing, … already identified ( by a name, a possessive, …). They go between commas. - Your brother, who gave me the news, saw the accident himself . - I read Martin’s letter, which was full of gossip.
• 15.
  In Non-Defining Relative Clauseswe can’t use THAT and we can’t omit the Relatives: -I liked Toy Story, which I’ve seen recently. (not “that”, no Omission) -Shakespeare, who you just mentioned, is the most famous British playwright. (not “that”, no Omission) -I’ve found my keys, which I had been looking for. (not “that”, no Omission)
• 16.
  Defining or Non- Defining? Remember: Defining RelativeClauses: - Don’t take commas. - “That” can replace Who, Which and When. - You can omit Who, Which, When and That when they are not the Subject of the Relative Clause. Non-Defining Relative Clauses: - Go between commas. - You can’t use “That”. - You can’t omit the Relatives.
• 17.
  Compare: -The neighbours who livenext door are very friendly. -My neighbours, who live next door, are … - I enjoyed the film (which/that) you recommended. - I enjoyed Little Miss Sunshine, which you recommended.
• 18.
  Let’s practise!! Fill inthe gaps with a relative pronoun. • The new terminal, ______ will be finished by May, has been designed by a famous architect. which • Have you finished the book ______ I lent you? that / which / -- • The Prime Minister, ______ the paparazzi follow everywhere, has a new girlfriend. who • I don’t know the man ______ arrived just after you. who / that