Research methodology, part i
- 1. Research Methodology: Part-I M.Sc in Textile Engg. DUET Md. Abdul Hannan Associate Prof. [email protected] 01913354913
- 2. Contents • MEANING OF RESEARCH • Criteria of Good Research • OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH • MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH • TYPES OF RESEARCH • Significance of Research Research Methods versus Methodology Research Process
- 3. Benefits Professional interest? -Degree, Position, Performance Academic interest? -Complete credit Personal interest? -Reputation, social height **Helps to be a good personnel Common Practice
- 4. Expectations Meaningful life, sense of satisfaction Patience Balanced behavior with individuals Outcome the way for solution Good decision making Personal, academic, social stability
- 6. Re--------search • The word research is composed of two syllables, re and search. Re is a prefix meaning again, anew or over again Search is a verb meaning to examine closely and carefully, to test and try, or to probe. Together they form a noun describing a careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles. Re Search again, a new or over again to examine closely and carefully = careful, systematic, patient study = establish facts or principles
- 7. Examples • Removal of textile dyes using acid activated low cost carbon; • Parimalam R, 2015 • Adsorption of textile dye effluent Using activated carbon obtained From biomass; • Senthilkumar T, 2015 • Retail Marketing of Textile and Apparel Products In Chennai City A Study With Reference to Consumer Behaviour; • S Radha, 2015 • Analytical study on the factors and Methods to improve light fastness of Reactive dyed cotton fabrics; • Thiagarajan P, 2015 • A study on the quality of work life of textile employees with special reference to tirupur district tamil nadu; • R. KANAKARATHINAM, 2015
- 8. Examples • Perception of competency mapping among employees working in textile spinning mills with special reference to coimbatore district; • P.REVATHI, 2015 • Financial performance of Textile Industry in Cooperative sector in Tamilnadu; • RV Kannan, 2015 • Studies on removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution using minerals; • Vijayakumar G, 2015 • A study on working capital management in textile industry; • Mrs. J. GAYATHRI, 2015 • Assessment of lean manufacturing in apparel export industry of national capital region; • Prabhjot Kaur, 2015
- 9. Criteria Enabling Research While undertaking a research study to find answers to a question, it is implied that: 1. the process is being undertaken within a framework of a set of philosophies (approaches or ideas or thinking); 2. the process uses procedures, methods and techniques that have been tested for their validity(correct procedures) and reliability(repeatability and accuracy); Bias is deliberate/purposeful attempt to either conceal or highlight something 3. the process is designed to be unbiased and objective Each Step in an unbiased manner Each conclusion to the best of one’s ability and Without introducing one’s own vested interest.
- 10. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary: A careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. Redman and Mory : A systematized effort to gain new knowledge. Clifford Woody: Research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organising and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson: The manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art. Reference Material(1) : Research is the systematic method consisting of enunciating the problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting the facts or data, analyzing the facts and reaching certain conclusions either in the form of solutions(s) towards the concerned problem or in certain generalizations for some theoretical formulation. Reference Material(2) : Research is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally applicable.
- 11. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH • Research is a process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information to answer questions. • But to qualify as research, the process must have certain characteristics: it must, as far as possible, be controlled, rigorous, systematic, valid and verifiable, empirical and critical. • Controlled- The concept of control implies that, in exploring causality in relation to two variables (factors), you set up your study in a way that minimizes the effects of other factors affecting the relationship. • Rigorous-You must be scrupulous in ensuring that the procedures followed to find answers to questions are relevant, appropriate and justified. varies between the physical and social sciences. • Systematic-This implies that the procedure adopted to undertake an investigation follow a certain logical sequence. The different steps cannot be taken in a haphazard(?) way. Some procedures must follow others
- 12. • Valid and verifiable-this concept implies that whatever you conclude on the basis of your findings is correct and can be verified by you and others. • Empirical-this means that any conclusion drawn are based upon hard evidence gathered from information collected from real life experiences or observations. • Critical-critical scrutiny of the procedures used and the methods employed is crucial to a research enquiry. The process of investigation must be foolproof(perfect) and free from drawbacks. The process adopted and the procedures used must be able to withstand critical scrutiny. • For a process to be called research, it is imperative that it has the above characteristics.
- 13. AIMS and OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH • The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific • procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Though each research study has its own specific purpose, we may think of research objectives as falling into a number of following broad groupings: • 1. exploratory or formulative research studies; • 2. descriptive research studies; • 3. diagnostic research studies; • 4. hypothesis-testing research studies. • Aims are broad statements of desired outcomes or the general intentions of the research, which 'paint the picture' of your research proposal – • they: • emphasize what is to be accomplished, not how it is to be accomplished • address the long-term project outcomes, i.e. they should reflect the aspirations and expectations of the research topic
- 14. • Objectives are the steps you are going to take to answer your research questions or a specific list of tasks needed to accomplish the goals of the project - they: • emphasize how aims are to be accomplished • must be highly focused and feasible • address the more immediate project outcomes • make accurate use of concepts and be sensible and precisely described • are usually numbered so that each objective reads as an 'individual' statement to convey your intention • The objectives provide an accurate description of the specific actions you will take in order to reach this aim. As with the problem formulation, the overall objective should be framed in a single sentence. – Each specific objective consists of one infinitive sentence and should be phrased in a way that makes it possible to draw a conclusion from within the scope of the thesis.
- 15. should and should not • Aims and Objectives should: • Be concise and brief. • Be interrelated; the aim is what you want to achieve, and the objective describes how you are going to achieve that aim. • Be realistic about what you can accomplish in the duration of the project and the other commitments you have • Provide you and your supervisor(s) with indicators of how you intend to: – approach the literature and theoretical issues related to your project. – access your chosen subjects, respondents, units, goods or services. – develop a sampling frame and strategy or a rationale for their selection. – develop a strategy and design for data collection and analysis. – deal with ethical and practical problems in your research. • Aims and Objectives should not: • Be too vague(unclear), ambitious or broad in scope. • Just repeat each other in different terms. • Just be a list of things related to your research topic. • Contradict your methods - i.e. they should not imply methodological goals or standards of measurement, proof or generalisability of findings that the methods cannot sustain.
- 16. Upcoming…………….. • Research Methodology • “Methodology” implies more than simply the methods you intend to use to collect data. • When you describe your methods it is necessary to state how you have addressed the research questions and/or hypotheses. The methods should be described in enough detail for the study to be replicated, or at least repeated in a similar way in another situation. Every stage should be explained and justified with clear reasons for the choice of your particular methods and materials. • There are many different ways to approach the research that fulfils the requirements of a dissertation. These may vary both within and between disciplines. It is important to consider the expectations and possibilities concerning research in your own field. You can do this by talking to your tutors and looking at dissertations written by former students on your course.