Reshaping the world of scholarly communication by Dr. Usha Munshi

R e shaping the W o rld of S c holarly C ommunications : E nhanced A c cess to I n formation R esources Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi U sha M ujoo M unshi International Conference on “ 21 st C entury Vision for L ibraries “ Islamabad, October 13-14, 2010

Information Resources Open Access to Information Driver of innovation Driving Force Ensuring Universal Access for the Global Information Flow & Responding to the Demands of Scholarship in the Digital Age Knowledge Landscape

The Library O ne of the oldest types of institutions I n the midst of rapid change C hanges mirror those going on in other institutions and in society as a whole Questions? Library and Librarian part of intellectual infrastructure of previous centuries What is their role in the 21 st Century? Google-generation researcher very different to ourselves – social networking, mobile computing, collaborative working, basically anti-IPR, expects everything free & equates what’s free with everything. Is there something special the academic/research library,librarian can still offer ? Mediation, trust, guardianship of authenticity, more........................................ Do we have the necessary skill sets? Perhaps ..................................... (How) Are we Selecting new & effective mechanisms for developing an ongoing dialogue with researchers to validate the development of the Library’s content strategy on a regular basis? Someways................. How far have we decided (at least) moderate shifts in collecting that can be accommodated within existing resources Some where....

W hat distinguishes an Academic/Research library today? W hat would differentiate them would be : Degree of connection to subscription services & “managed” access to freely accessible content on the internet Other services provided

The Library of the future will combine … ... a managed place … … with a managed digital space .”

From Database/Repository to Environment (Managed Digital Space) Seamless (fully integrated with digital learning and research; beyond?) Community (resources, people, interaction, process, activities, services) Omnipresent (it will be wherever the users are) Dynamic & Organic (the users will construct it as much as we will) Trusted Information Systems (status, reputation, influence, impact) Personal Information Systems (discovery, assistance, utility) Smart Information ( telemetry, propagation )

Scholarly Information Systems Portfolios Information Landscape Personal Info. Manager Portals Identity And Access Management Content Managers Object Libraries Library Catalogue Scholarly Publishing Learning Management Systems Digital Repositories

Signaling value to the institution in an open-ended fashion

Culture of Openness Most modern libraries are “ hybrid” libraries Continuing the past and integrating new methods of storage and transmission of information into an already existing structure

Culture of Openness Expressions of this culture Commitment to Generating, Disseminating, and Preserving knowledge, & Working with others to bring this knowledge to bear on the world's great challenges. Mission directly related to widest dissemination Describing Changes Creating & sustaining a trusted information environment Developing strategies & systems that promote discovery facilitate worldwide scholarly communication Strategies and Systems that Promote Discovery Evaluating, developing, investing in value-added discovery & delivery tools, especially open source tools Metadata Creation & Management Buying Access Creating IRs Facilitating Access Provide - One Stop shop Access for Information Resources

Need to create the environment in which open access will become the norm for distributing research Concept of openness has been spreading its wings far & wide in many guises Popularity (open Source) highest among academia due to underlying philosophy based on sharing (enrich giver & receiver) Need to sustain and nurture – through a sustained cycle of human resources & efforts to help it continue what it has been able to do so far

Open Access Movement & initiatives Statements & Declarations http://www.digitalscholarship.org/oab/2statements.htm Budapest definition By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the Internet itself. (Open Society Institute, 2002) See http://www.soros.org/openaccess/

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences & Humanities October 22, 2003 Bethesda Statement on Open Access 20 June 2003. Budapest Open Access Initiative 14 February 2002 NEAR OECD Final Communique Tempe Principles Washington DC Principles for Free Access to Science Wellcome Trust Position Statement and Research Reports World Summit on the Information Society Declaration of Principles and Plan of Action Other Open Access Statements: http://www.digital-scholarship.org/oab/2statements.htm Statements & Declarations OA Advocacy : A number of Initiatives

Openness -as a transformative value

Instructors rapidly build & share custom collections Learners find & explore content Authors Create & collaborate

Creative Commons Free legal and technical tools to facilitate access to digital content ( www.creativecommons.org) Licences : Attribution (standard in all CC licences) Non-Commercial No Derivative works Share Alike New! CC+ for commercial Contracts/Licences Strict conditions Contract law overrides copyright law Shrink-wrap and click-wrap contracts E-databases – for paid subscribers only Complete control over works Science Commons Focus areas – licensing, publishing & data Science Commons (www.sciencecommons.org) plans - to evaluate & draft open, voluntary & interoperable legal solutions for databases – ‘ some rights reserved’ to provide standard contracts and technologies for institutional-sharing and archiving

Second Pillar Open Licensing Main purpose to have a colossal body of work in “the commons” that is available to the public for - Free & legal sharing Use Repurposing, and Remixing CC licenses provide A flexible range of protections & freedoms for authors, artists, & educators Provides free, easy-to-use legal tools The tools give everyone from individual creators to large companies & institutions a simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work. Enable people to easily change their copyright terms from the default of “ all rights reserved ” to “ some rights reserved .”

flickr cc As rightly said by — Evan Prodromou, Founder, Identi.ca “ Within a generation we can open the world’s knowledge to all of its inhabitants and reduce or eliminate the misery caused by lack of access to information, and Creative Commons is a crucial part of the cultural compact that makes that revolution possible"

For authors? For Institutions? Why Open Access Most research articles accessible by only a few Online managed, permanent database of scholarly output Open Access (OA) maximizes:- research visibility, usage and uptake research applications, impact and citation research productivity, progress and funding research manageability and assessability By maximising research accessibility! There is an ethical argument that research funded by the public should be available to the public. To maximise, measure & reward the uptake, usage, applications and impact of an institution’s research output To collect, manage & showcase a permanent record of the institution’s research output.

Open Access ‘Routes’ GOLD = authors publish in OA journals that make their articles freely accessible online immediately upon publication. OA journals are peer-reviewed. Depending on the model, authors may have to pay publishers a fee to publish. GREEN = authors publish in a subscription journal, but also make their articles freely accessible online, usually by depositing them in either an institutional repository or central repository (either peer-reviewed postprints or non-peer-reviewed preprints).

Reshaping the world of scholarly communication by Dr. Usha Munshi

Several OA resources available While these are getting populated regularly, new resources crop up for access by all Resources: Typical Examples Directories Directory of Open Access Journals http://www.doaj.org/; OpenDOAR—the Directory of Open Access Repositories http://www.opendoar.org/ ; ROAR--Registry of Open Access Repositories Research Resources HighWire Press Stanford University Free Medical Journals http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/ Several open access Forums, Blogs, and News are out there. Examples include : American Scientist Open Access Forum: http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Amsci/ - a complete Hyper-mail archive of the ongoing discussion of providing open access to the peer- reviewed research literature online ; Budapest Open Access Initiative Forum http://www.soros.org/openaccess/forum.shtml; OA Librarian http://oalibrarian.blogspot.com/; Open Access News http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html ; SPARC Open Access Forum http://www.arl.org/sparc/soa/index.html#forum and SPARC Open Access Newsletter http://www.arl.org/sparc/soa/index.html

SHERPA http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/ SHERPA is investigating issues in the future of scholarly communication. It is developing open-access institutional repositories in universities to facilitate the rapid and efficient worldwide dissemination of research. ROAR tracks the growth of existing OA Archives. OpenDOAR worldwide Directory of Open Access Repositories (http://www.opendoar.org/) ROARMAP tracks the growth of institutional self-archiving policies . ROMEO tracks journal/publisher "green" policies on author self-archiving . RoMEO - Publisher's copyright & archiving policies (http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/) JULIET - Research funders archiving mandates and guidelines (http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/index.php ) Statistical Analysis For an indication of how UK research funders have implemented Open Access policies and level of funds affected, please see: Selected research funders' grant expenditure available at http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/financialstats.html.) Let us take a look at some statistics associated with some of these International/National Initiatives: Open Access to Research

ROAR Registry of Open Access Repositories resulted in 1737 repositories Open Access to Research India: Vidyanidhi (~55000 records) IISc, Bangalore, (~23000records) (IIAstrophysics (~4211) RRI (~3546) Many not listed ROAR/Open DOAR – NISCAIR (6 Feb, 2009)

Open Access to Research OpenDOAR 1737 repositories ~996 Organizations ~100 countries 8 Continents India

Open Access to Research http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/

Support Systems Organizational Programmes Institutional Repositories : IR ; OSS ; multivariate content streams Open Access Journals Metadata Harvesting Services Open Courseware Digital Library Initiatives Digital Archiving and Information Dissemination

Major OA Initiatives in India Institutional Repositories Open Access Journals Metadata Harvesting Services Open Courseware Digital Library Initiatives: Digital Archiving and Information Dissemination

Institutional Repositories OA - making its impact at the level of repositories in India Survey Shows -~100 repositories Registered - 43 (Institutions set up their own OAI compliant institutional repositories using OSS) Essentially e-prints/pre-prints Indian Institute of Science (IIsc) - first to set up EPrints archive A few institutions like IISc, ISI, INSA, etc facilitate complete suite of open access resources like IRs , harvesting from other OA compliant distributed digital repositories Mandating OA for faculty & student research publications. on cards now Typical Examples

National Level Open Access Repositories Subject-based central repositories - for medicine (NIC), library and information science, and catalysis National Level Open Access Repositories Catalysis Database Librarians’ Digital Library (LDL) OpenMed&NIC Principal Implementing Agency : National Centre for Catalysis Research (NCCR), Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai Supporting Agency : Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India Web Address : http://www.eprints.iitm.ac.in Principal Implementing Agency : Documentation Research & Training Centre (DRTC), Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore Supporting Agency : Indian Statistical Institute, Government of India Web Address : https://drtc.isibang.ac.in Principal Implementing Agency : Bibliographic Informatics Division, National Informatics Centre (NIC), New Delhi Supporting Agency : National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Communication & Information Technology, Government of India; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India Web Address : http://openmed.nic.in/

Directory of Open Access Journals : http://www.doaj.org/ Service covers free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals (more or less) cover all subjects and languages. Aim to increase the visibility and ease of use of open access scientific and scholarly journals thereby promoting their increased usage and impact 5468 journals 2296 journals searchable at article level. 450157 articles included in the DOAJ service Open Access Journal : We define open access journals as journals that use a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. From the BOAI definition of "open access" we take the right of users to "read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles" as mandatory for a journal to be included in the directory Open Access to Research : OA Journals

http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=byCountry

Open Access Journals Many leading journals published in India are already open access Academies showed the way & set the ball rolling Several organisations followed ~350 OA journals. Most of these hybrid – print + online While print is against subscription No Indian journal charges a fee from the authors for publishing papers, NIC, GOI & some private publishers publish OA jls on behalf of about 75 societies Latest in the system NISCAIR – 17 jls made OA ( Other language jls, abstr. jls ) Not yet listed in DOAJ

110 video courses and 129 web based courses. - 6 Subject Areas All of the youtube videos can be found over the NPTEL-HRD Channel . MPTEL-HRD channel : http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=nptelhrd IIT – Coming virtually Home : 400 courses across 5 subjects Open Courseware NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning) programme, jointly mounted by the IITs and IISc, a world-class open courseware programme. Funded by MHRD, GOI India - making headway at the level of open access courses too OCW refers to programmes for study, which offer access to everyone, regardless of whether they are formally students or not in an institution An interesting way of building skills and spreading knowledge

Digital Library Initiatives : Digital Archiving and Information Dissemination Digital Library of India Three broad Categories Digital Libraries Data Centres Access Facilitators Several Digital Library Initiatives taken up at national level. Examples Include: Digital Library of India National Mission for Manuscripts Typical Examples Digital Libraries Principal Implementing Agency : Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore Supporting Agency (Indian) : Ministry of Communication & Information Technology, Government of India Supporting Agency (Overseas) : National Science Foundation, USA Web Address : http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/ http://www.dli.cdacnoida.in/ http://www.dli.iiit.ac.in/

National Collection of Industrial micro-organism (NCIM) ( http://www.ncl-india.org/ncim / ) A national facility dedicated to isolation, preservation and distribution of authentic cultures – 3700 cultures Indian Biodiversity informatics ( http://www.ncbi.org.in) NCL Centre for Biodiversity Informatics (NCBI) is an effort to collect, collate, analyze, predict and disseminate knowledge about Indian biota and its environ Important Data Centres,Products & Services Typical Examples URDIP: CSIR Unit for Research and Development for Information Products (http://www.urdip.res.in/) Open access to Indian patents and medicinal plants, pollution technologies, CSIR rural technologies, ETD and research reports Gateway services for open access resources SciGate: Science Information Portal (IISc) (http://www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in / ) Learning Resources : IGNOU, CEC National Information Facilitators

Typical Examples Metadata Harvesting Services Open Archives Initiative – Protocol for Metadata Harvesting Harvester: a client application that issues OAI-PMH requests A harvester is operated by a service provider as a means of collecting metadata from repositories . OAI Harvester Cross Archives Search Service for Indian Repositories (CASSIR) National Centre For Science Information (NCSI), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore http://ardb4.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/oai/ Har vesters for Open Repositories with Unlimited Search (HORUS) Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata http://ir.isical.ac.in/ Search Digital Libraries (SDL) : Documentation Research & Training Centre (DRTC), Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, Government of India https://drtc.isibang.ac.in/sdl/ OKHARI @iipa Knowledge Harvester@INSA …

Knowledge Harvester @ IIPA OKHARI is a suit of information services based on OAI-PMH (Open Access Initiative - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) OKHARI collects metadata from various digital repositories dealing with subjects in Social Sciences with a strong flavour in Public Administration and provides a single stop search engine for full-text resources in the respective subjects.

HORUS is a suit of information services based on OAI-PMH (Open Access Initiative - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) HORUS collects metadata from various digital repositories dealing with subjects like Computer Sciences, Biological Sciences,, Social Sciences, etc. and provides a single stop search engine for full-text resources in the respective subjects.

Accessing Multifaceted Digital Resources The end user is forced to learn and interact with as many interfaces as products available and this leads to stress and confusion. It results in very low usage of the subscribed resources. Limitations Offer links only to content from publishers with which these companies have agreements, or that a library accesses within a specific service Some Solutions Linking and Serial Management Service by other publishers Examples: PubMed's LinkOut, Silverplatter Silverlinker, ISI Web of Science, OCLC Electronic Collections Online, Cambridge Scientific, EBSCO Others Cross-Ref -- A publishing industry initiative to enable article linkages across participating publishers Federated searching -- Multiple vendor implementations, e.g., Ex Libris SFX and Endeavor Encompass Metadata harvesting -- being developed through the Open Archives Initiative Serials Management -- TDNet and SerialsSolutions: fulltext list generation, URL generation to load MARC-like catalog records into local catalog

OpenURL for accessing Resources OSS tools for OpenURL CUFTS (knowledge base) GODOT (Link Resolver) dbWiz (Federated Search Engine)

By maximising research accessibility! research visibility, usage and uptake research visibility, usage and uptake research applications, impact and citation research productivity, progress and funding research manageability and assessability Educate funding agencies & senior research administration on the value mechanism & best practices for building knowledge resources and facilitating access The country’s investment – intellectual, effort and cash – can hope to gain a good return this way Not an exhaustive account Support and promote access to scholarly information by creating Indigenous digital databases E-journals Institutional Repositories Digital Libraries Protect ‘fair dealing’ in digital environment Provide legal ‘keys’ to ‘unlock’ digital content Provide access to public-funded research via Open Access Partners in facilitating worldwide scholarly communication in a trusted information environment. Express interest in collaborating with others in taking OA archiving forward in your country .

Libraries Librarians as Change Managers The cycle of change is never-ending so librarians need to accustom themselves to it Librarians need to handle change effectively to survive and thrive in today’s environment User-Friendly places From Form To Function The future for libraries can be an exciting & challenging one for those libraries that are both able and open to change “ To remain what it is, the library must change . . . . . . if it does not change, it will not remain what it is.” David Penniman, University at Buffalo

Reshaping the world of scholarly communication by Dr. Usha Munshi

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