Reversal analogies
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The document discusses reversal analogies, where aspects of nature are compared to technology and vice versa. It begins by explaining direct and reversal analogies. It then provides examples of bionic analogies where nature inspires technology, such as plants inspiring composite materials. The document proposes exploring reversal bionic analogies, where technology inspires new ways of viewing nature. As an example, it compares the Pave Paws phased array radar system to the compound eyes of insects, suggesting the eyes function like bistatic radar to scan space without movement. The document concludes by noting nature can suggest inventions while inventions can suggest new ways to view nature.
Reversal analogies
- 1. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 1 DIRECT AND REVERSAL ANALOGIES Ideas & Questions
- 2. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 2 • Analogy is a similarity between two or more things. • Analogy is an extension of the metaphorical parable thinking founded on the existence of parallel cases. • The analogy is typically used in the world of science, electrical and fluid mechanics, the word analog etc ... etc ...? Example: The behavior of the electrical circuitry is the same as that of the hydraulic circuitry in fact the electric vocabulary mimics the hydraulic one THE ANALOGIES METHOD
- 3. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January THE BIONIC ANALOGY -The bionic analogies use as reference elements of nature. - Nature has perfected and selected mechanisms and procedures for millennia, if these mechanisms were not effective and efficient species that should not have lasted. VEGETABLES - Plants resistant composite materials that support high tensions. - Chemical factories without moving parts. - Adaptative and self learning organisms - Good ways and means of seed dispersal. - Gluing forms (Velcro) ANIMALS -Insects intriguing mechanisms, clamps, wings, eyes, sonar, countermeasures ... - Mechanisms for drilling, insects, birds - Skins slide in one direction only - How the mind works ?, neural machines likely to learn We have already taken the first step in the self-reproduction of artificial elements, computer viruses are a good example. 3
- 4. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 4 Now let's explore a new path: THE REVERSAL BIONIC ANALOGY Cauliflower Fractal
- 5. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January Pave Paws, Radar System based on "phase array“. 5 Picture from commons.wikimedia.org
- 6. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 6 PAVE PAWS is a United States Air Force Space Command radar system operated by three 21st Space Wing squadrons for missile warning and space surveillance. PAVE, an acronym which stands for "Precision Avionics Vectoring Equipment", is an Air Force program name relating to electronic systems, while PAWS stands for "Phased Array Warning System". The radar, developed by Raytheon, is used primarily to detect and track sea-launched (SLBM) and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). source Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAVE_PAWS Picture from mostlymissiledefence
- 7. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January Pave Paws 120º 85º 7 An aspect of this radar is phased array antenna technology. This system differs from a mechanical radar, which must be physically aimed at an object in space to detect and/or track it. The phased array antenna is in a fixed position and can be part of the building wall. Phased array antenna aiming, or beam steering, is done rapidly by electronically controlling the phase (or timing) of the incoming and outgoing signals. Controlling the phase through the many segments of the antenna system allows the beam to be quickly projected in different directions. This greatly reduces the time necessary to change the beam direction from one point to another, allowing almost simultaneous tracking of multiple targets while maintaining the surveillance responsibility. This ability is known as "track while scan". The large fixed antenna array through its better beam focusing, improves system sensitivity and tracking accuracy. A phased array antenna, as with any other directional antenna, will receive signals from space only in the direction in which the beam is aimed. The maximum practical deflection on either side of antenna center of the phased array beam is 60 degrees. This limits the coverage from a single antenna face to 120 degrees. To provide surveillance across the horizon, the building housing the entire system and supporting the antenna arrays is constructed in the shape of a triangle. The two building faces supporting the arrays, each covering 120 degrees, will monitor 240 degrees of azimuth. The array faces are also tilted back 20 degrees to allow for an elevations deflection from three to 85 degrees above horizontal. The radar system is capable of detecting and monitoring a great number of targets that would be consistent with a massive missile attack. The system must rapidly discriminate between vehicle types, calculating their launch and impact points in addition to the scheduling, data processing and communications requirements. source Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAVE_PAWS
- 8. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 8 Now, What happens if we apply a Reversal Bionic Analogy ? Bionic Analogy ? Reversal
- 9. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 9 Take the Pave Paws picture and just add two antennas, a mustache and a mouth
- 10. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 10 We have
- 11. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 11 Like
- 12. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 12 Something like the head of an insect
- 13. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 13
- 14. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 14 Arthropod eyes are called compound eyes because they are made up of repeating units, the ommatidia, each of which functions as a separate visual receptor. Each ommatidium consists of a lens (the front surface of which makes up a single facet) a transparent crystalline cone light-sensitive visual cells arranged in a radial pattern like the sections of an orange pigment cells which separate the ommatidium from its neighbors. The pigment cells ensure that only light entering the ommatidium parallel (or almost so) to its long axis reaches the visual cells and triggers nerve impulses. Thus each ommatidium is pointed at just a single area in space and contributes information about only one small area in the field of view. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultra net/BiologyPages/C/CompoundEye. html
- 15. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 15 But, Maybe the insect eyes work as well as Pave Paws Radar (really, as a bistatic radar where the transmitter would be the sun) Scan the space as a phase array antenna. It can target, or focus, any direction without moving the head or eyes.
- 16. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 16 Bistatic radar is the name given to a radar system which comprises a transmitter and receiver which are separated by a distance that is comparable to the expected target distance. Conversely, a radar in which the transmitter and receiver are collocated is called a monostatic radar. A system containing multiple spatially diverse monostatic radar or bistatic radar components with a shared area of coverage is called multistatic radar. Many long-range air-to- air and surface-to-air missile systems use semi-active radar homing which is a form of bistatic radar. Bistatic radar geometry, transmitter could be omnidirectional (the sun) Source: Wikipedia
- 17. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January 17 Nature suggests inventions inventions suggest other ways to see nature Question for Biologists Bionic Analogy Reversal Bionic Analogy
- 18. REVERSAL ANALOGIES. Ideas & Questions Antoni Elias Fusté 2015 January Thank you very much for your attention!!!! Antoni Elias Fusté Creativity Teacher in BarcelonaTech-UPC