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Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
- 1. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Sarhad University PeshawarSarhad University Peshawar Computer Networks & Internetworking LECT 04 6th Semester
- 3. RIP -- What is it? RIP is a routing protocol for exchanging routing table information between routers. • Routing updates must be passed between routers so that they can make the proper choice on how to route a packet.
- 4. RIP Characteristics Distance vector routing protocol. Uses hop count as a path selection metric. Three types of timers. Multiple stability features.
- 5. Distance Vector Routing Protocol Each router sends all or part of its routing table in routing updates. However, the updates are only sent to neighboring routers. Cisco Systems Inc.
- 6. Hop Count -- Fifteen Hop Limit Hop count is the sum of all the legs in a route.Hop count is the sum of all the legs in a route. – After 15 hops, the packet is discardedAfter 15 hops, the packet is discarded Lucent Technologies
- 7. Timers Routing-update timer By default, routers send updates every 30 seconds. A small random number is added to prevent collisions. Route timeout A route timeout timer is associated with a route. When it expires, the route is marked invalid. Route-flush timer After the route timeout expires, the route-flush timer eventually expires, deleting the route from the table.
- 8. Multiple Stability Features Split Horizon Information learned about a route is not sent back out the interface it was learned from. Hold-down mechanisms When a link in a route fails, that route is put in a hold-down state, where routers neither send or receive updates about that route.
- 9. Rip Packet A -- Command - request or response. B -- Version # - specifies version of RIP. C -- Zero - Not used. D -- Address Family Identifier (AFI) - Indicates type of address being specified (IP, IPX, etc) E -- Address - Specifies IP address of entry. F -- Metric - # of hops traversed from source to destination 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 A B C D C E C C F
- 10. Drawbacks RIP version 1 does not recognize subnets. This feature was added in RIP version 2. Because RIP only uses hop count as a metric, packets may be forced to take a slower route with less hops over a faster route with more hops. Other routing protocols use a combination of different metrics to calculate a route.