Sanjibani
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This document discusses inclusive education for learners with disabilities and the issues and challenges involved. It defines inclusive education as addressing diversity of needs for all learners through increased participation. Effective inclusive schools promote student needs through collaboration, know student learning needs, create inclusive environments, and have adaptive leadership. Key challenges to inclusion are attitudinal issues, ensuring equality for children with special needs, insufficient resources, and lack of teacher training. Strategies to meet these challenges include innovative teacher training programs, cross-ministry collaboration, involvement of NGOs, and school-university partnerships.
Sanjibani
- 1. Inclusive Education for learners With Disabilities: Issues and challenges Sanjeevani Sudha Jena. PG Part-II Department of Education, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack
- 2. Inclusive Education Inclusive education is defined as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and communities, and of reducing exclusion within and from education (Conceptual Paper, UNESCO,2003) . Inclusion is that which identifies and removes barrier to participation in education(mittler,2012). It is Supports and services brought to students through an Individual Education Program (IEP) Inclusion was defined by stinback & stainback (1990)as Education of all in regular classes Appropriate educational programs for every students everyone is accepted and supported
- 3. Effective & Inclusive School 1. Teaching & Learning arrangement students and developmental needs are promoted through a collaborative approach and by focusing on the students learning needs rather than on their disabilities. Arrangement of multi-skilled personnel(e.g) teachers, specialists, volunteers and other students are available to help them in their learning. Teaching practices Teachers know their students learning needs & able to adapt current pedagogical knowledge and thinking and apply it in different ways, so that each student is engaged in meaningful learning experiences.
- 4. Learning environment Create a inclusive environment that helps student to explore new ideas, to work within various student groupings and for managing learners’ learning. Learning community work collaboratively to enhance the effectiveness of curriculum, teaching strategies and assessment. Leadership It is the combination of certain beliefs and practices that help to characterise inclusive and effective schools Adapt at managing change and at building a school culture that commit to inclusiveness and that is improvement oriented.
- 5. Important Milestones in the education of learners with disabilities 1880s-Establishment of special schools 1974-Formulation of centrally sponsored scheme of IEDC 1990-World conference for EFA , Jomtien 1992-The Rehabilitation council of India 1994-The Salamanca statement and framework for action 1995- The PWD(Equal oppertunities,protection of Rights and full partcipation) Act 1997-Inclusion of IED in DPEP 1999-National trust for the welfare of persons with Autism,cerebralpalsy,mental retardation and multipla disabled 2001-SSA(Sarva Sikshya Abhiyan) 2009- RTE Act
- 6. Issues of Inclusive Education Environmental issues Attitudinal Issues Issues of equality for CWSN Legal Issues: Progress towards the right to Inclusive Education Policy/Practice Implications: Critical issues in Inclusive Education Process based issues Create a peaceful culture by inclusive education
- 8. Research Evidence In the prevailing Indian situation resources are insufficient even to provide quality mainstream schools for common children, it is unethical and impracticable to put children with special needs to test or to prove any thing in a research study to live and learn in the mainstream of school and community (Dash, 2006). A further challenge is that the attitude of Society create significant barriers to inclusion(Forlin, Loreman,Sharma& Eale,2009 ; Sharma, Forlin, & Loreman,2011). Australia is a nation of diverse cultures and ethnic groups with diverse cultures and ethnic groups with diverse understanding of disabilities that may inform attitudes toward inclusion. In wide ranging review of practices in Australia, Shaddock(2006) concludes the potential barriers to inclusion as perceived by teachers include: -lack of time -difficulty in individualizing within a group -inadequate training and resources -a lack of school support
- 9. Views that adjusting for some students -compromises the learning of others -draws negative attention to student differences -fail to prepare student for the real world Challenges of inclusive education for learners with disabilities Challenges of poverty associated with disabilities modifying deeply held attitudes providing adequate levels of training to key stakeholders organizational structure and leadership Challenges around securing and resourcing for assistive devices
- 10. Possible strategies to meet the challenges Training of teachers Need to design innovative system of training Need for collaboration between different ministries Involve NGO's in implementing integrated education programs School-university partnership