SATIBILTY OF CARBOCATION, primary,secondary and tertiary .ppt
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The document discusses the structure, bonding, and stability of carbocations, particularly highlighting the methyl cation's sp2 hybridized structure and empty 2p orbital. It explains that most carbocations are unstable, but their stability increases with alkyl group substitutions, with tertiary carbocations being the most stable. Additionally, it describes how the inductive effect helps in stabilizing positively charged carbons by dispersing the positive charge among adjacent atoms.
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SATIBILTY OF CARBOCATION, primary,secondary and tertiary .ppt
- 1. Structure, Bonding, and Stability of Carbocations
- 2. Figure 4.8 Structure of methyl cation. Carbon is sp2 hybridized. All four atoms lie in same plane.
- 3. Figure 4.8 Structure of methyl cation. Empty 2p orbital. Axis of 2p orbital is perpendicular to plane of atoms.
- 4. Carbocations Most carbocations are too unstable to be isolated. When R is an alkyl group, the carbocation is stabilized compared to R = H. C R R R +
- 6. Carbocations C H3C H H + Ethyl cation (a primary carbocation) is more stable than CH3 +
- 7. Carbocations C H3C CH3 H + Isopropyl cation (a secondary carbocation) is more stable than CH3CH2 +
- 8. Carbocations C H3C CH3 CH3 + tert-Butyl cation (a tertiary carbocation) is more stable than (CH3)2CH+
- 9. Figure 4.9 Stabilization of carbocations via the inductive effect positively charged carbon pulls electrons in bonds closer to itself +
- 10. Figure 4.9 Stabilization of carbocations via the inductive effect positive charge is "dispersed ", i.e., shared by carbon and the three atoms attached to it