![NOOTROPICS
UMME RUMAN
M PHARM [ PHARMACOLOGY ]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nootropics-250327155346-b705de85/85/Screening-model-of-nootropics-pptttttttt-1-320.jpg)
![STEP DOWN METHOD
PURPOSE : To evaluate the cognitive enhancing [nootropic] properties of
compounds by assessing their effects on learning and memory retention in
rodents
PRINCIPLE
It is based on the ability of animals to learn and remember an aversive
stimulus . Rodents naturally avoids stepping down from a platform if they
previously experienced an aversive event upon stepping down.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nootropics-250327155346-b705de85/85/Screening-model-of-nootropics-pptttttttt-9-320.jpg)
![Procedure
A small elevated platform in the center of a larger open area . The floor of
the arena is equipped with an electric field grid that can deliver a mild
electric shock as an aversive stimulus .
Administer the test compound to treatment group and a vehicle to the
control group . The route of administration is [ oral, intraperitonial] by
maintaining appropriate dosing schedule .
EVALUATION :
NOOTROPIC EFFECTS
Animals treated with the nootropic compound should show a significant
greater increase in step down latency compared to control animals ,
indicating enhanced learning and memory .](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nootropics-250327155346-b705de85/85/Screening-model-of-nootropics-pptttttttt-10-320.jpg)
![SCOPALAMINE INDUCED AMNESIA IN MICE
PRINCIPLE :
Scopolamine impairs memory and learning by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in
the brain leading to a temporary amnesia state by administering scopolamine to
mice researchers can induce cognitive deficits similar to those observed in
conditions like Alzheimer’s disease .
PROCEDURE :
ANIMAL SELECTION : Use healthy adult laboratory mice .
ACCLIMATIZATION : Allow the mice to acclimatize .
SCOPALAMINE ADMINISTRATION : Administer scopolamine to induce amnesia . The
typical dosage is 1-3 mg/kg administer in about 30 minutes before the behavior
testing.
The control group receives an equivalent volume of saline [ vehicle ]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nootropics-250327155346-b705de85/85/Screening-model-of-nootropics-pptttttttt-13-320.jpg)
Screening model of nootropics.pptttttttt
- 1. NOOTROPICS UMME RUMAN M PHARM [ PHARMACOLOGY ]
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction Classification Mechanism of action Screening of drugs Reference
- 3. What are nootropics ? Nootropics are also known as smart drugs , Memory enhancers and Cognitive enhancers . These are the substances which improve the mental functions such as Memory , Intelligence , Motivation and Concentration . The concept and definition of nootropic drugs were first proposed by Romanian dr. Corneliu E. who coined the term from Greek words ‘’noos’’ (meaning mind ) and “tropin” ( meaning to turn towards “)
- 4. INDICATIONS ALZHEIMER DISEASE MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT COMMAN SYMPTOMS OF ELDERLY MENTAL RETARDATION IN CHILDRENS ORGANIC PHYSCOSYNDROMES
- 5. CLASSIFICATION: CHOLINERGIC ACTIVATORS • RIVASTIGMINE • DOPENZIL GLUTAMATE • MEMENTINE OTHER DRUGS • CITACHOLINE
- 6. NATURAL ORIGIN NOOTROPICS Ginkgo biloba Bacopa monnieri Caffeine L- theanine Panax ginseng
- 7. MECHANISM OF ACTION: 1. INCREASE GLOBAL BLOOD FLOW : Improves the blood supply which leads to increase in oxygen nutrients and glucose . 2. DIRECT SUPPORT OF NEURONAL METABOLISM : Cholinergic activators inhibits cholinesterase 3. ENHANCEMENT OF NEUROTRANSMITTORS : Increase in synthesis, storage , release , and binding of acetylcholine Decrease metabolism of acetylcholine .
- 8. TYPES OF SCREENING METHODS : INVIVO METHODS Step down method Step through method Uphill avoidance test Trial to criteria inhibitory avoidance test Ischemic induced amnesia in gerbis Shuttle box avoidance test Jumping avoidance test Spatial habitation learning INVITRO METHODS Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity in rat srtriatum
- 9. STEP DOWN METHOD PURPOSE : To evaluate the cognitive enhancing [nootropic] properties of compounds by assessing their effects on learning and memory retention in rodents PRINCIPLE It is based on the ability of animals to learn and remember an aversive stimulus . Rodents naturally avoids stepping down from a platform if they previously experienced an aversive event upon stepping down.
- 10. Procedure A small elevated platform in the center of a larger open area . The floor of the arena is equipped with an electric field grid that can deliver a mild electric shock as an aversive stimulus . Administer the test compound to treatment group and a vehicle to the control group . The route of administration is [ oral, intraperitonial] by maintaining appropriate dosing schedule . EVALUATION : NOOTROPIC EFFECTS Animals treated with the nootropic compound should show a significant greater increase in step down latency compared to control animals , indicating enhanced learning and memory .
- 11. STEP-THROUGH and STEP-DOWN METHOD :
- 13. SCOPALAMINE INDUCED AMNESIA IN MICE PRINCIPLE : Scopolamine impairs memory and learning by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain leading to a temporary amnesia state by administering scopolamine to mice researchers can induce cognitive deficits similar to those observed in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease . PROCEDURE : ANIMAL SELECTION : Use healthy adult laboratory mice . ACCLIMATIZATION : Allow the mice to acclimatize . SCOPALAMINE ADMINISTRATION : Administer scopolamine to induce amnesia . The typical dosage is 1-3 mg/kg administer in about 30 minutes before the behavior testing. The control group receives an equivalent volume of saline [ vehicle ]
- 14. COMMAN BEHAVIOURAL TESTS : • MORRIS WATER MAZE • PASSIVE AVOIDANCE TEST • NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION TEST EVALUATION : MEMORY IMPAIREMENT :- Successful induction of amnesia by scopolamine is indicated by impaired performance in the behavioral tasks compared to control group .
- 18. REFERENCE PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS BY R.S. SATOSKAR NIRMALA N .REGE , RAAKHI K. TRIPATHI , SANDHYA K . KAMAL ESSENTIAL OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY BY KD TRIPATHI 9th EDITION
- 19. IMPORTANT QUESTION : What are nootropic agents enumerate the screening methods . Explain 3 in vivo methods ? List the various mazes to access cognitive functions in rodents . Explain the procedure for testing spatial memory in rats with morris water maze ? List the various mazes to access learning and memory . Explain any two methods to induce dementia in animals ?