Session 2 General Safety Requirements

SESSION : 2
General Safety Requirements

1. Our VISION - Health, Safety & Environment
2. General site safety rules, Personal behavior and conduct.
3. Duty of Care – Employer Responsibilities , Employee obligation
4. Signs
5. Personal Protective Equipments ( P.P.E.)
6. Smoking Regulation, Traffic rules, Site Access & Security
7. Welfare & First Aid Facilities.
8. Reporting Incidents
9. Emergency Procedure - In case of accidents, FIRE
10. Safety Inspections. Safety Monitoring Meeting.
11. Safety Trainings
12. Safety Motivation - Safety Incentive Scheme, Disciplinary
Action.
13. Workplace Hazard & Solutions (Housekeeping, Working at
height, FIRE etc)
Objectives

Our VISION - Health, Safety & Environment
1. All accidents, illnesses, property damage and pollution are
avoidable and are to be prevented
2. No job is so urgent or demanding that it can not be done
safely
3. Adhering to HSE rules is a condition of employment
4. Setting examples through our behaviour
5. Nobody Gets Killed, Nobody Gets Seriously Injured
6. No High Risk Incidents
7. No harm to Environment
Every person returns home safely to
his family at the end of the day.

1. Prohibited Items - Radios, Cassette
players, CD player, Music Systems
2. Possession, use and sale of alcohol and
drugs as well as entry to the Site under
the influence of alcohol or drugs should be
forbidden.
3. Fighting and Running should be strictly
forbidden;
4. Abusive or aggressive behavior is not
permitted;
5. Tampering with safety equipment is
forbidden;
6. Causing damage on purpose or misuse of
facilities on the job site is forbidden;
General site safety rules, Personal behavior and conduct.

Duties of Employer to Protect Employees
Every employer shall provide adequate preventive
equipment to protect workers against the dangers of
employment accidents and occupational diseases
that may occur during the work, and also against fire
hazards and other hazards (working at height,
Chemical etc) that may result from the use of machines
and other equipment.

Every worker shall use the protective equipment
and the clothing supplied to him for this purpose, shall
comply with all instructions given by the employer to
protect him against hazards and shall not take any
action liable to hamper compliance with such
instructions.
Employees obligation on safety

1. Follow correct instructions, don’t take chances, if they don’t know, they should
ask.
2. Correct/report unsafe conditions and help to keep everything clean and
orderly.
3. Use right tools and equipment for the job, use them safely.
4. Report all injuries, get first aid promptly.
5. Use, adjust and repair equipment only when authorized.
6. Use prescribed equipment, wear safe clothing and keep them in good
condition.
7. Don’t horseplay, avoid distracting others.
8. Comply with all safety rules and signs.
9. Not to intentionally or recklessly interfere with anything provided in the interest of
health and safety – PPEs, Fire Extinguishers, Signages etc.
Employees are obliged to …

Safety signs are useful tools to help
protect Health & safety of us and
workplace visitors.
Therefore, meaning and purpose of signs
to be understood and complied with.
Everyone should abide by the safety
signs displayed.
Warning Signs
Draw attention to
health and safety
hazards – Point out
hazards that may not
be obvious
Prohibition Signs
Indicates where
certain actions are
prohibited
Safe Signs
Provide general
information and
direction. Shows the
location of emergency
equipments
SIGNS
Remind us where
PPEs must be used,
Indicates mandatory
actions
Mandatory Signs

Personal protective equipment is a safeguard against job hazards. When used as intended
along with other preventative measures, PPE minimizes or eliminates risks to employees.
Other PPE shall be used as per the hazards present in your
work area
– Safety glasses / Face shields – Flying particles
– Hand Gloves – Protection from sharp objects and
chemicals
– Ear muffs/ plugs – Protection against hearing loss
– Dust Mask / Escape Mask – Dust, Mist, Gas Hazards
– Harness – Protection from falling
PPE
SAFETY HELMET & SAFETY SHOES are Mandatory PPE
Remember! PPE is the last line of defense before “contact.”,
hence should not be considered as first option for protection

SMOKING REGULATION
 NO SMOKING POLICY SHOULD BE ADOPTED FOR THE ENTIRE
CONSTRUCTION AREA
Smoking Zone:
 If Reasonable & Practicable a designated
SMOKING ZONE with suitable Fire Fighting
equipments, Ash Drum for stubbing cigarettes
butts to be provided
 This SMOKING ZONE must be away from any
sources of ignition.
CARELESS SMOKING IS ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSE OF FIRE

SITE TRAFFIC RULES
SPEED LIMIT must be fixed as per the site requirements.
TRAFFIC HAZARDS:
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS CLAIMS SEVERAL LIVES
 No reverse policy at site (Making Round about / U Turn)
 No overtake
 Camel Hump – Speed Breaker
 Drive defensively
 Not using mobile phone while driving
 Usage of Seat belts for driver as well as passenger
 Never ride on construction vehicle (JCB, FLT, bobcat etc)
 Following Local Traffic Rules Strictly
 Care other road users while driving
Other Traffic rules must be complied with.
Over speeding, Unskilled drivers, Not following traffic rules etc

A competent security can protect property from loss by
theft, fraud, fire (arson) and other form of damage.
All security-men to be trained in fire fighting and
emergency response.
They have the right to frisk all employees, vehicles and
equipment entering and leaving the site.
-Verify the Employees ID card
-Enforce drugs & alcohol policy,
-No smoking policy at the premises.
-Restrict unauthorized entry
-Material incoming / outgoing
Site Access & Security
Visitor will have to Carry his visitor ID available with security guard.

Welfare Facilities at site
1. Sufficient Drinking water /
Wash area
2. Adequate number of Toilet /
Urinals as per legal req.
3. Dining /Rest area - well
ventilated, lights, cleaned &
maintained
TOILET
Dining area with food rack
Welfare facilities at the project must be as per the total current and planned strength of the
project and must meet legal requirements.

FIRST AID Facility
 Ensure the availability of sufficient first aid medicines (First
Aid Spray, Bandages, Antiseptic Solvent, eye wash,
Ointments etc) and First aid equipments (Stretcher, examine
table, trolleys, thermometer, eye wash station etc) as per the
legal requirements
 Trained and Experienced First Aid providers
 First Aid Case Register (Date, Time, Name, Location, Nature
of injury, Remarks etc) to be maintained for each case.
 Insist and ensure that all
minor / major injuries are
reported to the first aid
provider / Safety Dept.

 Never Hide any incident / accidents. Hiding incidents to avoid any
blame can give chances to other similar and more severe accidents.
 Never fix blame of accidents instead find the cause and take
preventive actions to avoid recurrence.
Types of
incidents
to be
reported

1. Stay calm, do not panic.
2. Inform your supervisor and the nearest first aid center.
3. Don’t touch the injured person if you suspect that he has been
electrocuted.
4. If any material is lying on the injured person, assist others in removing it.
5. Don’t move the injured person unless it is VERY essential to do so; you
may be hurting him by unnecessary movements
6. Move him only if there is further risk of injury to the casualty at the scene
of accident.
7. Don’t give any drinks or food to the injured unless directed by
competent persons.
IN CASE OF ACCIDENT

1. Daily site safety inspection
2. Weekly joint safety inspection
3. Lifting tools / tackles
4. Fire extinguishers
5. Scaffolds / ladders
6. PPE – safety harness
7. Power tools / ELCB
8. Mechanical equipment
9. Required 3rd party inspection
SAFETY INSPECTIONS
Safety Representative with coordination with supervisors conduct the following safety
inspections which are an effective tools for proactive monitoring of OHS performance.
All the inspections are to be recorded in prescribed formats and findings are being closed
Line management should respond in time to close the findings of safety inspections.

1. To find solutions for any HSE issues remaining unresolved during the previous
months,
2. To identify the problem areas and to work out suggestions for improvement,
3. To investigate accidents incurred during the previous month and if any, to
implement ways to prevent recurrence of the same in the future.
4. To decide any special safety requirements to be taken during running month
arising out of the new site activities to be carried out.
5. To review the implementation of the HSE plan
SAFETY MONITORING MEETING
This is another proactive approach for monitoring OHS performance.
It must organized on monthly basis, chaired by PM / CM.
Safety Engineers / Officer should record the minutes of meeting, circulate
the agenda well in advance and follow up the implementation of the minutes.
Attendees: All Engineers / Foremen, Subcontractors’ Supervisors, Safety
Officers
Objectives

Training:
A best techniques to motivate the employees towards safety for a positive H&S
culture.
General Types of trainings:
1. Safety Induction Training
2. Daily / Weekly Tool Box Talk
3. Job Specific Training
4. 3rd Party Approved Safety Training
Training will give the employee a boost to his confidence while performing
the task.
Appropriate job skill & positive orientation of mind helps to reduce incident
rate.
Legal requirements – to inform significant
workplace hazards and measures

1. Safety Induction Training
 Site location and general information of the project.
 Information about key personnel at site.
 Key Elements of H & S policy (A COPY TO BE
DISTRIBUTED).
 Duties and Responsibilities of Employers/Employees.
 Safety Awareness talks/Tool box talks.
 Importance of PPE (Safety Harness/Hard Hat/Safety
Shoe/Hand Gloves/Ear Plugs/ Goggles etc).
 Emergency Procedures and reporting system in case
of FIRE/ACCIDENT.
 Welfare facilities on site -FIRST AID ROOM/LUNCH
ROOM/REST ROOM/CANTEEN/ WATER
COOLERS/WASHING AREA/ TOILETS/ URINALS etc.
 Protection of employees and others from the
hazardous activities such as:
 Plant, Machineries & Equipments.
 Working at Heights- Shuttering/de- shuttering
 Scaffoldings/ladders/ Scissor Lift / Boom
Loader
 Concreting / Roof work/ plastering/ painting/
block work etc.
 Electricity- Power tools
 Hand Tools/Cartridge and pneumatic power
tools.
 Lifting Tools and Tackles.
 PTW System
 Handling/ storage of Hazardous material in
construction
 (COSHH).
 Reporting of Unsafe Acts/ Conditions/ Near
misses.
 Fire prevention/Location of Fire extinguisher/
Emergency
 Assembly point.
 Information signs/ warning signs and their
meanings in different languages.
 Safety Motivation schemes.
 Prohibition and restrictions on Photography,
Horseplay, fighting, sleeping, smoking,
alcohol and drugs.
 Vehicle entry and site security procedure.
 Other project specific Instructions
SafetyInductionTraining-Contents
All the employees to receive a detailed HSE induction
training which includes site safety rules, site specific hazards,
emergency procedures and key contacts.
An induction sticker along with ID card should be
issued to each employee after induction training.

POWER TOOLS
LIFTING TOOLS & TACKLES
PTW TRAINING
HOT WORK - GAS CYLINDER
MSDS – CHEMICAL
DRIVING SAFETY
JOB SPECIFIC TRAINING
3RD PARTY SAFETYTRAINING
CRANE OPERATOR
SIGNALMAN
FIRST AIDER
SCAFFOLDINGS
FIRE WARDEN
CRADLE OPERATOR
MEWP OPERATOR
SAFETY POLICY
WORKING AT HEIGHT
EXCAVATION
FIRE SAFETY
EMERGENCY EVACUATION
HEAT STRESS
WORKING ON SCAFFOLDS
LADDER SAFETY
PPE TRAINING
ACCIDENT / NEARMISS
MANUAL HANDLING
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
GENERAL SAFETY TRAINING
Training Topics – not limited but may include

 Reinforcing safe behavior in the minds of employees, by
means of positive motivational schemes, is a vital factor in
any management system to sustain their interest.
 It increases the awareness, interest, and willingness of
employees to act in ways that increase their personal
safety, and that of co-workers, and that support an
organization’s stated goals and objectives
 The use of incentives, awards, certification, and
recognition to motivate employees to perform safely is an
established tool.
Motivation Techniques – Incentive Scheme
Incentives are rewards with some strings attached,
commonly known as the carrot and stick approach

A major responsibility of line management, with the
safety & health professional’s assistance, is to motivate
workers to follow safe practices & procedures.
Motivation – Incentive Scheme
Supervisors Duty:
 Ensure your under working employees have
attended all required safety training / toolbox
meetings
 Encourage them to give suggestion / report
nearmiss/ accidents /
 Discourage Unsafe Actions
Criteria
for Safety
Incentive
Scheme

Safety Day / Safety Award Ceremony
Individual project and their team can be awarded
with Safety Trophy.
The award must be decided based on the HSE
performance rating which can be evaluated through
effective HSE Audit procedures.
This award can be celebrated among the project
team.
Safety Quiz, Contest, Safety Exhibition can be
organized and winners can be rewarded.

While we believe that Health and Safety at work places
can be achieved through Engineering Control, Educating
the workforce and Encouraging safe practices.
We also ensure to discourage unsafe practices and
violations through appropriated disciplinary actions for
the violators/offenders.
Tools to discourage unsafe behaviors
- Verbal Warning
- Written Warning Notice
- Wage deduction
- Suspension from site for the period less than 10 days
Motivation - Disciplinary action

1. Smoking at undesignated smoking zone
2. Employee at site without Safety Induction
3. Employee without Safety shoe & Helmet
4. Employees not using task specific PPE
5. Unauthorized person working on equipment
6. Person on unsafe/incomplete scaffold
7. Working/standing @ unsafe height/edge
8. Failure to follow Permit-To-Work system
9. Tool Box Talk not conducted
10. Equipment use without 3rd party inspection
11. Horseplay or Manhandling
12. Over-speeding while driving vehicle in site
13. Mis-handling of Safety equipments
14. Failure to report Incident or Near-miss
15. Eating/sleeping/resting @ un-defined areas
16. Urinating at places other than toilets.
Commonly observed safety violations

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS
COMMON HAZARDS PRESENT AT SITE
1. Housekeeping
2. Fire
3. Working at height
 Ladders ,
 Scaffold,
 Fall protection while work at height
 MEWP
4. Electrical safety
5. Lifting & rigging
6. Manual Handling
7. Environmental hazards

1. HOUSEKEEPING
1. Include the removal of generated debris from the area in
the activity itself.
2. Ensure that the access are clear from any obstruction,
3. Material should be stacked adequately.
4. Adequate number of waste skip, food waste bins, chemical
waste area to be maintained at site.
5. The construction waste should be removed from the site on
regular basis.
6. Depute a dedicate housekeeping team for common areas.
A Place for everything and everything is in its place.
Poor housekeeping is a major cause of slips, trips and
falls.
A tidy site and workplace means: You can
• get to your place of work more easily and quickly.
• work efficiently
• find your tools and materials easily
How to maintain good housekeeping?

2. FIRE
 FIRE is a big hazard at
construction site, it kills and
injuries people, destroys
property and may seriously
disrupt production and the
construction process.
 Practical steps can be taken to
prevent and minimize the risk of
fire in the site.
A composition of Fuel, oxygen and heat is set out as Fire

JLT – C1 Tower
18th January 2007
12:30 pm
CUASE
• UNSAFE HOTWORK IN
LIFT SHAFT

FIRE - cause
1. Hot work– Welding, Cutting etc.
2. Overheating of machineries
3. Electric short circuit and
overloading
4. Improper storage of Flammable
& Combustible liquids
5. Poor Housekeeping
6. Careless Smoking
7. Arson
Poor safety practices cause FIRE

1. Adequate Fire Safety training
2. Effective PTW for all hot work
3. Good maintenance of electrical equipments
4. Restriction of smoking.
5. Sufficient Fire Points
6. Deputing competent security to avoid ARSON
7. Good housekeeping, Proper storage and clean up of combustible
and flammable liquids
8. Regular FIRE Safety inspection in site and camps.
FIRE - Prevention
EVERY EMPLOYEE & VISITORS MUST KNOW
The department / Area
emergency procedures and
evacuation routes / Fire Exit.
Locations of
extinguishers in your
area and How to use
The location of FIRE
ALRAM & How to raise
the ALRAM
The local
Emergency
Contacts – FIRE
997, Police-999,
Ambulance - 998
The location
of Assembly
point

FIRE - Fighting
A Class Fire (solid ) - Free
burning materials, paper, wood,
plastics etc
B Class Fire ( Liquid-
Hydrocarbon ) - petrol, diesel,
kerosene etc.
C Class Fire (Gas ) – LPG,
Acetylene, methane, hydrogen
etc
D Class Fire (Metal) -
potassium, sodium, magnesium
etc.
E Class Fire-( Electrical
Hazards) - energized electrical
equipment. As long as it’s
“plugged in.”
FIRE CLASS
FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

Know How to use Fire Extinguishers – P A S S
Know Fire Emergency Response– R A C E
R – “Rescue” any person/s in immediate danger (only if safe to do so)
A – “Alarm” Raise the alarm & follow emergency procedure
C – “Contain” Close doors / windows to contain the FIRE
E – “Extinguish” attempt to extinguish the fire

FIRE – Emergency Evacuation
Need for a systematic Fire Evacuation Plan & Fire Drill?
Inadequate Fire Training
may leads to this

ON DISCOVERY OF FIRE FOLLOWING ACTION WILL BE TAKEN IMMEDIATELY
1. Stay calm, do not panic.
2. Shout FIRE, FIRE and raise alarm.
3. Inform others who may be in danger.
4. Shut down your equipment safely
5. With the minimum of personal risk, attack the
FIRE
6. In the event that the fire can not be extinguished,
evacuate the building using one of the designated
“Exit” routes and go to nearest “ASSEMBLY
POINT”
7. Inform Safety Dept / PM / CM
DO NOT USE LIFT/HOIST.
DO NOT RE-ENTER THE AREA UNLESS DECLARED SAFE.
FIRE – Emergency Evacuation

3.Working at Height
 Working at height is always a
high-risk activity.
 Falls are the largest cause of
accidental death in the
construction industry
 It needs to be avoided by
provision of suitable access
equipment being properly used.
It means work in any place, including a place at or below
ground level or when a person is accessing or exiting from such
a place (except via a staircase in a permanent workplace)
where if regulatory measures are not taken, a person could fall
a distance likely to cause personal injury.
Most of Fall accidents occurred due to fall from less height

a. Fall of person
 Falls from a higher level
 Falls to a lower level
 Falls to the same level
 Slips / Trips
b. Fall of material
 Throwing tool, Fall from
unprotected edge / openings
Working at height - Hazards
Cause of Fall Hazards:
 From Ladders,
 Through gaps or holes in working platforms
(Scaffold etc),
 From unprotected edge of floor or floor opening
 Through fragile materials and whilst accessing areas.

Working at Height- Hazards
Collapse of scaffold
Fall from Ladder
Fall from Scaffold
Fall of materials
Fall from unprotected edge
Leading cause of accident

1. Do not work at height unless it is essential;
2. Ensure that the working platform is
 Secure & Stable;
 Footed on stable
ground/support/structure;
 support the weight of those persons using
it and any materials; and
 There is adequate working space to
undertake the work;
3. Ensure that all open edges are protected by
use of guard rails, barriers, etc.
4. Ensure suitable fall protection and give
priority to collective Fall Protection over
personal.
Working at height - Prevention
Prevention of Falls:

Scaffolds An elevated, temporary work platform.
Scaffolds – Hazards & Cause
1. Collapse of scaffolds – Missing tie /
Bracing, Inadequate foundation
2. Fall from scaffolds – Unguarded work
platforms, Damaged planks, gaps
3. Fall of materials – Missing toe boards /
Gaps in platform, Over height of
materials at edge, loose materials at
unprotected edge

1. Erected, modified and dismantled by
competent scaffolders only.
2. Erected on firm ground available with sole
plate and base plate.
3. Safe means of access and egress
4. Fully planked Scaffold platform and at least
600mm in width.
5. Suitably tied with the structure
6. All platforms with guard rails (Top Rail, Mid
Rail), and toe board
7. All four side Bracing
8. Scafftag to identify safe & unsafe
scaffolding
Competent person should formally inspect scaffolding
after initial erection, after significant alteration, after any
destabilizing event, and at least once 7 days
SAFE UNSAFE
What make a SAFE and Complete Scaffolds

What make a SAFE and Complete Scaffolds

Mounted on castor wheels and are hazardous.
1. Erected, modified and dismantled by competent
scaffolders only.
2. Height of the mobile tower shall not exceed 4 times
the smallest base width.
3. Use outriggers in accordance with manufacturer
4. Used only on firm, level, clean surfaces.
5. Moved on leveled surfaces only by pushing or
pulling or both.
6. Provision of internal ladder with trap door.
For Rolling the scaffold:
1. Make sure that the path is clear, no
material/person on the platform. Then unlock the
wheels to push the scaffold
2. Apply the force no more than five feet above the
ground.
3. Re-Lock the wheels when move ends / scaffold is
stationary
What make a Safe Mobile Scaffolding:-
Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked before any one is allowed to work on the
platform. These casters shall be capable of supporting the safe working load of the scaffold.
Mobile Scaffolds

Moving Tower with person/ material on it.
Overloading of Scaffold Platform
Frame used as access
Missing Brick Guard causes material fall
Mobile Scaffolds
Major cause of mobile scaffold accidents

Ladder should be used as a means of access and for short period of work.
1. The angle - between 65 – 750 to the
horizontal (1 : 4) ‘four up, one down’
2. Extend at least 1 m ( 3 ft) above the
step-off point.
3. Must be tied at the level of the platform.
4. Firm & fitted with a non-slippery foot
hold.
5. No rung should be missing.
6. Rungs / step shall be clear of oil / grease
etc.,
What make a safe ladder:-
Ladders
- Avoid working off a ladder for long time
- Secure top & bottom of ladder when using as access of platform
- Make sure that only one person at a time is on the ladder.
- Don’t carry materials in your hand while using ladders

Many falls occur while ascending to / or descending from the ladder
Maintain three point contacts
two hands & one foot or two
feet & one hand.
Face the ladder when
ascending or descending.
Safe method for getting on / off ladder – 3 Points Contact Rule
Clean muddy or slippery
footwear, check the rung for
slippery surface
Don't use makeshift ladder.Don’t use metal ladder near
energized electrical
equipments
Don’t stretch or reach
beyond the side rails of
ladder.
Never stand any higher
than the third step from
the top of a ladder.
Ladders

Edge Protection means a barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels.
1. Must withstand 200 pound
force
2. Constructed by competent
team
3. Constructed of suitable
materials – Steel Pipes, Steel
Wire ropes
4. Tied and anchored using
standard means – Post , U-
clamps

Examples of Edge Protection
Using 10mm wire rope – 3 lines GI Pipes, Vertical Posts, Timber as Toe board
Using timber Combined with table formwork

UNSAFE SAFE
While Form work
After Slab concreting

UNSAFE SAFE
Floor openings – MEP openings
Lift Shaft openings

ERECTION OF SECONDARY BEAMS
Access Ladder
Fully boarded platforms
LIFE LINES ERECTION WITH ATLEAST THREE CLAMP
Fall protection while formwork
Means of access, Fully boarded
platform
Use of Safety harness with anchorage
100% tie off by using twin lanyard
Edge Protection fixed with Table Form

Fall protection while Steel Structure work
Additional Hazards - Fall of structure, Crush in
between two steel members, Complex to provide fall
protection
1. Secured steel members
2. Fixed / Rolling scaffolds or MEWP
(Mobile Elevated Platform) such
cherry picker, Scissor lift to be used.
3. Provision of Safe access and egress
4. Provision of life line for anchoring
harness
5. Use of Safety harness with
anchorage
6. Safety Nets
7. Edge protection after sheeting work

Fall protection while roof work
More workers fall to their deaths from, or through, roofs.
Fragile area, slopes are additional
hazards, while working at roof (height).
1. Means of access, roof ladders
2. Provision of lifelines at work area
3. Use of Safety harness with
anchorage
4. Safety Nets
5. Edge protection / Warnings
6. Closed / Guarded openings –
Skylights etc

Fall arrest system
PFAS – Safety Harness, Self retractors etc
CFAS – Safety Net , Fans , Air bags, Edge
protection system
PFAS: means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall
from a working level.
It consists: an anchorage, connectors, Dee Ring, a body
belt or body harness and may include a lanyard,
deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of
these.
Connector Dee Ring Harness Lanyard Self retractor –
Deceleration
Device
Grab system –
Vertical lifeline

Effective January 1, 1998, body belts were prohibited as a fall
arrest device.
Fall arrest system
 What all do we consider before using PFAS?
 Free-Fall Distance
 Total Fall Distance
 Anchorage Point Strength and Location
Therefore,
a. Anchor the harness above your
shoulder height with a strong anchor
point which can sustain your weight.
b. provision of suitable anchorage points
c. Training on how to use PFAS
The anchor point must be able to support at
least 5000 pounds.

Fall of materials
Cause –
 Throwing tool, Use of unsafe tools,
 Unsafe Scaffolds - Missing toe boards /
Gaps in platform, Over height of
materials at edge,
 Loose materials at unprotected edge
Prevention–
1. Use of safe tools
2. Restricting throw of tools and materials
3. Use of tool pouch & tool lanyard
4. Use of ropes with bucket to get material at
higher level.
5. Safe scaffolds with toe guard & edge
protection
6. Keeping materials away from leading edges

MEWP
Such as Telescopic boom - Cherry pickers, scissor lifts,
etc.
1. Trained competent and physically
capable operator
2. Six monthly inspections by 3RD Party.
3. Must be used on level, stable ground.
4. Fully Extended Outriggers
5. Follow SWL (Safe work load)
6. Regular maintenance as per supplier
instructions
7. The user of any MEWP must inspect the
safety critical items before each use
- tyres, brakes, alarms, hydraulics, and
any other critical systems.
8. Operators and passengers must wear a
full body harness and have this clipped
securely to the platform at all times.
It is prohibited to leave the basket at any time whilst elevated.
Planks, ladders etc should not be used to gain extra reach or height.
are designed to provide a temporary working platform which can be easily moved from
one location to another.

MEWP – MOBILE ELEVATED WORKING PLATFROM

Electrical Safety
The hazard of electricity includes Burn, Shock, Arc, FIRE
and Electrocution.
The dangers are particularly increased where electrical
equipment is used to adverse conditions, on site in wet or
damp areas, or where voltage is more lethal.
Causes of Electrical Failure
1. Damaged Insulation, Poor cable routing,
2. Inadequate over-current protection (fuses, RCDs etc)
3. Inadequate earthling
4. Overheated apparatus
5. Earth leakage current
6. Loose contacts and connectors,
7. Unprotected connectors
8. Overloading,
9. Improper ELCBs,
10. Incompetent workers, Unauthorized repair,
11. Carelessness and complacency
12. Poor maintenance and testing
13. working in wet areas, improper sockets,
Electricity is another major hazard which can injure, kill and destroy
company assets, and also is often the main source of FIRE

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety -
Prevention
1. Avoid “live” working
2. Ensure good insulation / enclosure of live conductors
3. Isolation (LOTO) and earthing of conductors
4. ELCBs on 30 mA tripping current rating.
5. Maintain a safe distance from live conductors
6. Maintenance and testing
7. Suitable selection of equipment (Cables, Industrial Sockets
etc)
8. Avoid overloading – implement one plug – one socket
9. Maintenance, testing and Inspection (Power tools, DBs etc)
10. Avoid cable under water / oil – Cable route management,
11. Rain hood for DBs
12. Competent Electricians -Only authorized repairs
13. Sufficient training and supervision
DON’T Operate switches with hands wet
with water or flammable materials.

Lifting & Rigging
The hazard of electricity includes Overturn of Crane,
Collision with structure, Overhead Electrical Hazards, Load
fail, Material damage, Personal injury etc
Causes of Crane Failure
1. Untrained Operator & Signalmen
2. Poor condition of Cranes and lifting tools
3. Not following manufacturer instructions
4. Not following Load Limit – SWL
5. Overloading - Placing crane on uneven surface.
6. Poor communication between crane operator and
signalmen
7. Improper slinging
8. Coming under suspended load
9. Swinging of loads – non use of tagline
10. Dragging / Pulling loads using crane
11. Not maintaining regular maintenance and inspection
schedule
12. Working in adverse weather condition – High wind
speed
The cranes are widely used in construction industries for material
handling – lifting & shifting

Lifting & Rigging

Lifting & Rigging
Prevention
1. Comply with the manufacturer's specifications
2. Follow safe work load – load capacity, angle
according to load chart
3. Valid 3rd party certification for all lifting tools –
Crane, Slings, Shackles etc
4. Trained crane operator and dedicated signalmen
for each crane
5. Hand signals those prescribed by ANSI standard
for the type of crane in use.
6. Competent person inspect all machinery and
equipment:
 prior to each use,
 and during use,
7. Must be uniformly leveled and located on firm
footing.
8. Riggers should check load, centre of gravity, use
correct slings, softeners where necessary
9. Respect the weather condition – Wind speed
Only one man should give signal. If hand signal is not visible to operator
Walkie talkie can be used.

Tandem Lift – Where two cranes used to lift a major structure
Tandem Lift – Decrease 25% of total SWL of two cranes

Use tagline to
control the loads
Stay away from slings
when they are being
pulled out
Know the Sling Capacity -
SWL
Do not stand under
suspended load

Manual Handling
The hazard of Manual handling includes Low back pain,
Hand injuries, Slip & Trip etc
Causes
1. Improper lifting
2. Twist & Jerk
3. Overweight of loads
4. Bulky loads
5. Insufficient Environment – Lighting, Floors, Steps,
Access
6. Awkward position
Back Injuries are the 2nd-most common workplace problem
Prevention
Carrying the load
1. Hold the load close so you can see over it.
2. Keep the load balanced.
3. Avoid twisting the body
4. Watch out for pinch points -- doorways, etc.
5. Face the way you will be moving.

Manual Handling
Prevention
1. Plan the lift.
2. Know the weight of the material to
be lifted.
3. Use mechanical aids wherever
possible.
4. If load is heavy or awkward - get
help.
5. Adopt a good posture to keep the
back straight.
6. Get a firm grip of the load.
7. Carry out lifting movement smoothly.
Do not jerk,.
8. Move the feet- don’t twist the trunk.
9. Keep the load close to the trunk.
10.Position feet, shoulder width apart,
giving a balanced and stable base for
lifting.
11.Wear PPE.

Plan the Lift Get Help if
Needed.
Lift With
the Legs
Lift With the Legs -- NOT THE BACK.
Carry the load
Correct
Manual
Handling
Get Help with
heavy or
awkward
loads!
Use the
right
tools!

Quiz
1. LIST Two mandatory PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) required to
wear while entering site? 2m
2. Write THREE Kind of incidents needs to be reported? – 3m
3. What are the THREE components of Fire Triangle? -3m
4. What is P A S S / What is R A C E 4m – It is related to FIRE
5. What are the TWO Major hazards while working at height ? – 2m
6. What makes a SAFE SCAFFOLDS, Write any FOUR? / Write FOUR
preventive measures while using Crane for Lifting? 4m
7. Write THREE don'ts of Mobile Scaffolds? / THREE don'ts of LADDER? 6m
8. T / F – Safety Belt can be used instead of Safety Harness -2m
9. T / F – We should always Lift load with our legs not with the back – 2m
10. T / F – At a time from one location 2 or more person can give signals to
crane operator. 2m

Answer
1. Safety Helmet and Safety Shoes
2. Fire, First Aid Case, Property Damage
3. Oxygen, Fuel, Sources of ignition
4. P A S S – Pull the pin, Aim Low, Squeeze handle, Sweep side by side. /
R A C E – Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish
5. Fall from height, fall of materials
6. What makes a SAFE SCAFFOLDS, Write any FOUR?
a. Erected, modified and dismantled by competent scaffolders only.
b. Erected on firm ground available with sole plate and base plate.
c. Safe means of access and egress
d. Fully planked Scaffold platform and at least 600mm in width.
e. Suitably tied with the structure
f. All platforms with guard rails (Top Rail, Mid Rail), and toe board
g. All four side Bracing
h. Scafftag to identify safe & unsafe scaffolding

Answer
/ Write FOUR preventive measures while using Crane for Lifting? Any four
a. Comply with the manufacturer's specifications
b. Follow safe work load – load capacity, angle according to load chart
c. Valid 3rd party certification for all lifting tools – Crane, Slings, Shackles etc
d. Trained crane operator and dedicated signalmen for each crane
e. Hand signals those prescribed by ANSI standard for the type of crane in
use.
f. Competent person inspect all machinery and equipment:
 prior to each use,
 and during use,
g. Must be uniformly leveled and located on firm footing.
h. Riggers should check load, centre of gravity, use correct slings, softeners
where necessary
i. Respect the weather condition – Wind speed
7. Write THREE don'ts of Mobile Scaffolds?
- Don’t move mobile scaffold with person / material on it
- Don’t overload the mobile scaffold
- Don’t use frame as access

/ THREE don'ts of LADDER?
a. Never stand any higher than the third step from the top of a ladder.
b. Don’t stretch or reach beyond the side rails of ladder.
c. Don’t use metal ladder near energized electrical equipments
d. Don’t use makeshift ladders
8. T / F – Safety Belt can be used instead of Safety Harness -FALSE
9. T / F – We should always Lift load with our legs not with the back – TRUE
10. T / F – At a time from one location 2 or more person can give signals to
crane operator. FALSE
Answer

Session 2 General Safety Requirements

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Session 2 General Safety Requirements