Silicides for Enhanced Oil Recovery
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The document discusses the commercialization of stabilized alkali metal silicides for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications, highlighting their safety and cost-effectiveness. It details the mechanisms by which these chemicals improve oil mobility and recovery, including heat generation, gas production, and viscosity reduction, while also emphasizing the environmentally friendly attributes of the process. The use of activeEOR® technology allows for efficient downhole application and increased production from both new and revisited wells.
![How it Works: The ActiveEOR® Reaction
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Hydrogen Mechanisms/Benefits
• Generates 10 mols of gas – potential 2 to 5 X volume expansion in reservoir [f (T,P)]
• 100 lb of silicide should generate ~53,400 L, or 1,885 ft3, of gas at STP
• Provides gas cap energy to low pressured reservoirs – accelerates production by up to 20%
• Rapid reaction rate and gas evolution in pores to dislodge oil
• Potential for foam formation
• Potential for hydrogenation/cracking of heavy crudes to lower viscosity and beneficiate oil
• Not a greenhouse gas (GHG) – produced hydrogen can be reinjected/energy sourced/flared
HeatSodium SilicateHydrogenSodium Silicide Water
Na4Si4 (s) + 10 H2O (l) 10 H2 (g) + 2 Na2Si2O5 (aq) + 1654 (kJ)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/silicidechemistry-151116211033-lva1-app6892/85/Silicides-for-Enhanced-Oil-Recovery-8-320.jpg)
Silicides for Enhanced Oil Recovery
- 1. Alkali Metal Silicides for Oil Field Applications Improving Heavy Oil EOR
- 2. 1 Formed in 2005 to commercialize its patented stabilized alkali metals Customers include industrial chemical processors & energy companies Holds 30 families of patents including composition of matter, method of making and methods of use patents Patented use of alkali metal silicides for oilfield applications SiGNa is a chemical manufacturer that specializes in stabilized reactive alkali metals
- 3. A valuable new tool for the EOR toolkit 2 Desired reactivity + safety is achieved by solvating metals in inorganic powders ’S stabilized alkali metals
- 4. ActiveEOR®
- 5. Key Mechanisms for EOR 4
- 6. How it Works: The ActiveEOR® Reaction 5 Cost Effective, Higher Performing & Safe HeatSodium SilicateHydrogenSodium Silicide Water Material Attributes Free-flowing, easily-handled solid chemical Rapid, controllable and safe chemical reactivity – reaction is only limited by availability of water Uses inexpensive, abundant raw materials Non-damaging, non-toxic byproducts (green chemistry) Easily blends with a hydrocarbon for reservoir injection Oil Recovery Benefits • Reaction occurs in situ, maximizing heat, pressure and gas benefits • An injection of only 3% PV, compared to typical CEOR that requires 30-40% PV • Technology is not limited by depth or crude viscosity • No well redesign or special equipment needed Na4Si4 (s) + 10 H2O (l) 10 H2 (g) + 2 Na2Si2O5 (aq) + 1654 (kJ)
- 7. How it Works: The ActiveEOR® Reaction 6 Na4Si4 (s) + 10 H2O (l) Heat Mechanisms/Benefits • Viscosity reduction to improve oil mobility (potential viscosity decrease >30%) • Unlike steam, all heat is released in situ and minimize losses in transit • Localized pore reaction site temperature increase >300°C possible • 360,000 BTU per bbl of 30% silicide dispersion; 3,484 BTU per lb NaSi, or 3,959 BTU per lb H2O • No GHG emissions from heat generation HeatSodium SilicateHydrogenSodium Silicide Water Na4Si4 (s) + 10 H2O (l) 10 H2 (g) + 2 Na2Si2O5 (aq) + 1654 (kJ)
- 8. How it Works: The ActiveEOR® Reaction 7 Hydrogen Mechanisms/Benefits • Generates 10 mols of gas – potential 2 to 5 X volume expansion in reservoir [f (T,P)] • 100 lb of silicide should generate ~53,400 L, or 1,885 ft3, of gas at STP • Provides gas cap energy to low pressured reservoirs – accelerates production by up to 20% • Rapid reaction rate and gas evolution in pores to dislodge oil • Potential for foam formation • Potential for hydrogenation/cracking of heavy crudes to lower viscosity and beneficiate oil • Not a greenhouse gas (GHG) – produced hydrogen can be reinjected/energy sourced/flared HeatSodium SilicateHydrogenSodium Silicide Water Na4Si4 (s) + 10 H2O (l) 10 H2 (g) + 2 Na2Si2O5 (aq) + 1654 (kJ)
- 9. How it Works: The ActiveEOR® Reaction 8 Na4Si4 (s) + 10 H2O (l) HeatSodium SilicateHydrogenSodium Silicide Water Sodium Silicate Mechanisms/Benefits • Provides alkali to convert crude acid fractions into surfactants to lower IFT and mobilize oil • Well buffered to limit sand dissolution (1% silicate = pH 11.8) • Most effective alkali to inactivate brine hardness ions – protects surfactants • Silicates promote a water wet environment for improved release of oil • A green chemical that is widely used in detergent formulations and for water softening Na4Si4 (s) + 10 H2O (l) 10 H2 (g) + 2 Na2Si2O5 (aq) + 1654 (kJ)
- 10. Oil and Gas Application Roadmap 9 POST-CHOPS RECOVERY HYDRAULIC FRACTURING CARBONATE WETTABILITY Increase recovery post-CHOPS with the ability to reactivate suspended wells. Equivalent production rates with reduced water injection and treatment costs. Converts carbonate surface from highly oil wet to highly water wet. Significantly increase recovery and reduced production times for heavy crudes and bitumen. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
- 11. Post-CHOPS EOR 10 in collaboration with
- 13. Technical Concept: ActiveEOR® for Post-CHOPS 12
- 14. ActiveEOR® for Post-CHOPS Recovery • ActiveEOR® is applied downhole as a 40 wt.% solids submicron dispersion slurried in hydrocarbon carrier fluid • Pure hydrocarbon spacers ensures reaction occurs deep within formation • Short concentrated slug (20 m3 = short injection time) • Huff-and-Puff process with no need for additional CapEx 13
- 15. Concept Evaluation (Stage 1) Proof of Concept post-CHOPS work 14
- 16. Suggested Post-CHOPS 15 *Primary CHOPS recovery 3-5%; incremental results with ActiveEOR® recovers additional 3%
- 20. ActiveEOR® for Enhanced CEOR 19 • ActiveEOR® is applied downhole as a 20 to 40% solids submicron dispersion in hydrocarbon carrier fluid • Pure hydrocarbon spacers ensures reaction occurs deep within formation • Short concentrated slug (1 to 5% PV = short injection time) • Applicable for vertical and/or horizontal well configurations
- 21. Recover More Oil 20 Actual reservoir corefloods conducted at SURTEK, a global leader in chemical EOR Coreflood & oil characteristics favorable to current chemical flooding techniques (ASP): 22°API, 12 cp oil
- 22. Recover More Oil Faster 21 Actual reservoir corefloods conducted at SURTEK, a global leader in chemical EOR Coreflood & oil characteristics favorable to current chemical flooding techniques (ASP): 22°API, 12 cp oil
- 23. Core Flood Results in Diesel 22
- 24. 3% PV of 30% Dispersion in Mineral Oil 2323
- 25. ActiveEOR® for Carbonate Wettability Alteration in collaboration with
- 26. Oil Drop Contact Angle Measurement 25
- 30. Cleaner Frac Water Flowback 29
- 31. Reaction Rate vs. Particle Size 30