Collective Behavior & Social Movements
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Collective behavior refers to large groups acting together spontaneously without rules or prior planning. It can take forms like crowd behavior, mass behavior, and social movements. Crowd behavior is a temporary gathering responding to a stimulus, while mass behavior involves dispersed individuals reacting individually to the same stimuli. Social movements are collective efforts to promote or resist social change through actions based on an ideology. They have characteristics like collective action, an orientation toward change, and an underlying ideology.
Collective Behavior & Social Movements
- 1. Course : Intro to sociology Chapter # 25: Collective Behavior & Social Movements By, Sumaira Aslam Lecturer, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- 2. Collective Behavior DEFINITION: “activity involving a large number of people, often spontaneous, and sometimes controversial is called collective behavior”.
- 3. Characteristics Of Collective Behavior 1. Temporary in nature 2. Not regulated by any set of rules 3. Unpredictable 4. No prior planning 5. Irresponsible manner 6. Unusual in nature 7. Based on rumors & misinformation generally
- 4. Forms Of Collective Behavior 1. Crowd Behavior 2. Mass Behavior 3. Public And Public Opinion
- 5. 1. Crowd Behavior Crowd: “Temporary collection of people” Crowd Behavior: “Behavior of temporary collection of people together to stimuli” Example: A group of passengers forming A crowd near A roadside on the highway when the driver stops the bus for light refreshment.
- 6. 2. Mass Behavior A mass is not the same as crowd Mass: “ Relatively large number of persons, spatially dispersed and anonymous, reacting to one or more of the same stimuli but acting individually without regard for one another” Mass Behavior: “unorganized, unstructured , uncoordinated, individually chosen behavior of mass”
- 7. Continued……………………………….. Example: The spectators at hockey game are a crowd Those watching game at home on televisions are mass. So, many people acting individually rather than as group, move in the same direction is known as mass behavior.
- 8. 3. Public & Public Opinion The public: “An unorganized aggregation of persons.” A public has three opinion; 1. Existence of a problem 2. Discussion on the problem by the people 3. Attempting to form collective opinion on its solution Generally: The opinions differ among the people
- 9. Public Opinion “Public opinion consists of the views of the members of public on a certain issue” Definitions by Horton & hunt; 1. An opinion held by a substantial number of people. 2. The dominant opinion among a population.
- 10. Social Movement It is one of the major form of collective behavior Definition “A social movement is a collective effort to promote or resist change ”
- 11. Characteristics Of Social Movements 1. Collective action 2. Oriented towards social change 3. Ideology behind the movement