SOLAR ENERGY - The Future Requirement
- 1. Solar Energy
- 2. What is Solar Energy? • The most precise Solar Energy definition : Energy from the sun. • But what is solar energy really? There are two types of solar energy: Thermal Energy & Electric Energy • Thermal Energy: Thermal Energy is everywhere. It’s lights up our days. It heats the earth, our bodies and our homes. It dries our clothes . All for free! • Electric Energy: Electric Energy uses the power of the sun to produce electricity through solar cells, otherwise known as Photovoltaics (PV).
- 3. • Age = 4.6 billion years • Distance from earth = 149,597,900 km • Diameter = 14 lakh km • Spinning time = 26.8 days at equatorial region • = 36 days at polar region • Mass = 2 x 10³º kg • Energy source – nuclear fusion ( H to He) • Elements- 70 % H 2 , 28 % He , and 2% other gases The Sun
- 4. • World Energy Conservation predicted estimation about the rate of utilization of energy resources shows that the coal depositscoal deposits will deplete within the next 200200 to 300300 years and petroleum depositspetroleum deposits will deplete in next few decadesnext few decades • The huge consumption of fossil fuels has caused visible damage to the environment in various forms • The most advantage using SolarSolar EnergyEnergy is that this is distributed over a wide geographical area, ensuring that developing regions such as IndiaIndia have access to electricity generation at a stable cost for the long-term future Why Solar Energy ?Why Solar Energy ?Why Solar Energy ?Why Solar Energy ?
- 5. Importance of Solar EnergyImportance of Solar EnergyImportance of Solar EnergyImportance of Solar Energy Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
- 6. Current Energy ConsumptionCurrent Energy Consumption
- 8. With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's theoretical Solar power reception, on only its land area, should be about 5000 Petawatt hours per year. 1 Petawatt =1000000000000000 watts
- 9. Solar power is by far the Earth's most available energy source, easily capable of providing many times the total current energy demand. Two main commercial ways of conversion of sunlight into electricity. i. Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP) ii. Photovoltaic Plants (PV)
- 10. Concentrating Solar Plant Concentrated solar power systems use the sun as the “thermal heat” source . Solar heat is used to create steam which then spins the turbine which drives a generator to produce electricity. On the basis of the method used for extraction of heat energy CSP can be further divided into 1.Parabolic trough 2.Solar tower system.
- 11. ParabolicTrough Trough systems collect the sun's energy using long rectangular, parabolic mirror collectors The mirrors mechanically rotate and follow the sun east to west, focusing sunlight on receiver tubes that run the length of the mirrors. The receiver tubes are positioned along the focal line of each parabolic mirror. The reflected condensed sunlight is very intense and heats a fluid flowing through the tubes to a very high temperature (about 550 C) The very hot fluid is then used to heat water to create steam for a conventional steam turbine generator to produce electricity.
- 15. The receiver tube is a stainless steel tube with a special sunlight absorbing surface and is mounted inside an anti- reflective outer glass tube with a vacuum separating the two tubes. A molten salt compound is used as the transfer fluid. The molten salt is a mixture of 60 % sodium nitrate and 40 % potassium nitrate, commonly called saltpeter.
- 16. Solar Tower System Tower systems have three main components: ground heliostats, a tower, and a central receiver at the top of the tower.
- 17. The function of the heliostats is to capture solar radiation from the sun and re-direct it to the central receiver. A heliostat rotates in two dimensions, east and west, and north and south, tracking the sun as it moves throughout the day and throughout the year. The centralized receiver is located in the upper section of the tower. The receiver absorbs the sunlight from the heliostats and transfers the energy to a circulating fluid, usually molten salt. Molten fluid is used for the generation of steam. This steam then drives a conventional turbine at the bottom of the tower and hence electricity is generated
- 19. PhotoVoltaic Plant Photovoltaics are best known as a method for generating electric power by using solar cells to convert energy from the sun into a flow of electrons.The Photovoltaic effect refers to photons of light exciting electrons into a higher state of energy, allowing them to act as charge carriers for an electric current.
- 23. What is it? The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (also known as the National Solar Mission) is a major initiative of the Government of India and State Governments to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s energy security challenges. It will also constitute a major contribution by India to the global effort to meet the challenges of climate change.
- 24. Aims To promote the use of solar energy through solar photovoltaic and thermal systems for power generation. To also integrate other renewable energy technologies like biomass and wind.
- 25. Timeline The Mission will adopt a 3-phase approach, spanning the remaining period of the 11th Plan and first year of the 12th Plan (up to 2012-13) as Phase 1, the remaining 4 years of the 12th Plan (2013–17) as Phase 2 and the 13th Plan (2017– 22) as Phase 3. At the end of each plan, and mid-term during the 12th and 13th Plans, there will be an evaluation of progress, review of capacity and targets for subsequent phases, based on emerging cost and technology trends, both domestic and global.
- 26. Solar powered “Auto Rickshaw”Solar powered “Auto Rickshaw” NASA designed Solar powered vehicle- “HELIOS” NASA designed Solar powered vehicle- “HELIOS” PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGYPRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY
- 27. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGYPRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY Semi autonomous War machine- ”Odysseus” Semi autonomous War machine- ”Odysseus” Solar car- “ Quant”Solar car- “ Quant”
- 28. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGYPRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY Solar street lightSolar street light Solar cooker used in Rural India Solar cooker used in Rural India
- 29. Solar Energy Advantages • Saves you money • After the initial investment has been recovered, the energy from the sun is practically FREE. • Financial incentives are available form the government that will reduce your cost. • Environment friendly • It's not affected by the supply and demand of fuel and is therefore not subjected to the ever-increasing price of gasoline. • Solar Energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas, oil and coal), sustainable and helping to protect our environment. • As we see previously ,it does no pollute air. • Therefore Solar Energy does not contribute to global warming, acid rain or smog. It actively contributes to the decrease of harmful green house gas emissions. By not using any fuel, Solar Energy does not contribute to the cost and problems of the recovery and transportation of fuel or the storage of radioactive waste.
- 30. Solar Energy Advantages • Low/ no maintenance • Solar Energy systems are virtually maintenance free and will last for decades. • Once installed, there are no recurring costs. They operate silently, have no moving parts, do not release offensive smells and do not require you to add any fuel. More solar panels can easily be added in the future when your family's needs grow.
- 31. Solar Energy- Main Drawbacks • The initial cost is the main disadvantage of installing a solar energy system, largely because of the high cost of the semi-conducting materials used in building one. • The cost of solar energy is also high compared to non-renewable utility-supplied electricity. • Solar panels require quite a large area for installation to achieve a good level of efficiency. • The efficiency of the system also relies on the location of the sun, although this problem can be overcome with the installation of certain components. The production of solar energy is influenced by the presence of clouds or pollution in the air. Similarly, no solar energy will be produced during nighttime although a battery backup system and/or net metering will solve this problem. • As far as solar powered cars go - their slower speed might not appeal to everyone caught up in today's rat race.
- 32. FINAL VERDICT • Penalizing extractive and polluting fossil-fuel energy • Create Incentives – Feed-in tariffs – Net metering – Rebates – Consumer tax deductions – Production Tax credits • Invest in R&D • Penalizing extractive and polluting fossil-fuel energy • Create Incentives – Feed-in tariffs – Net metering – Rebates – Consumer tax deductions – Production Tax credits • Invest in R&D A 1-kilowatt home solar system will prevent approximately 170 lbs. of coal from being burned, 300 lbs of CO2 from being released into the atmosphere and 105 gallons of water from being consumed each month! A 1-kilowatt home solar system will prevent approximately 170 lbs. of coal from being burned, 300 lbs of CO2 from being released into the atmosphere and 105 gallons of water from being consumed each month! Tools For Adoption & Acceleration Solar Energy CollectorSolar Energy Collector Solar DishSolar Dish
Editor's Notes
- #9: 1 Petawatt =1000000000000000 watts
- #11: Concentrated solar power systems use the sun as the “thermal heat” source .Solar heat is used to create steam which then spins the turbine which drives a generator to produce electricity.On the basis of the method used for extraction of heat energy CSP can be further divided into Parabolic troughSolar tower system.
- #12: Trough systems collect the sun's energy using long rectangular, parabolic mirror collectors. The mirrors mechanically rotate and follow the sun east to west, focusing sunlight on receiver tubes that run the length of the mirrors. The receiver tubes are positioned along the focal line of each parabolic mirror. The reflected condensed sunlight is very intense and heats a fluid flowing through the tubes to a very high temperature (about 550 degrees Celsius or 1020 degrees Fahrenheit). The very hot fluid is then used to heat water to create steam for a conventional steam turbine generator to produce electricity. The receiver tube is heated by the reflected sun's rays which in turn heats up a transfer fluid as it circulates through the tubes. The receiver tube is a stainless steel tube with a special sunlight absorbing surface and is mounted inside an anti-reflective outer glass tube with a vacuum separating the two tubes. Today, new designs are using a molten salt compound as the transfer fluid. The molten salt is a mixture of 60 percent sodium nitrate and 40 percent potassium nitrate, commonly called saltpeter.
- #13: Parabolic rectangular mirror collector
- #17: Tower systems have three main components: ground heliostats, a tower, and a central receiver at the top of the tower.
- #18: The function of the heliostats is to capture solar radiation from the sun and re-direct it to the central receiver. A heliostat rotates in two dimensions, east and west, and north and south, tracking the sun as it moves throughout the day and throughout the year. The centralized receiver is located in the upper section of the tower. The receiver is a "cavity" receiver composed of four vertical panels The receiver absorbs the sunlight from the heliostats and transfer's the energy to a circulating fluid, usually molten salt. The steam then drives a conventional turbine at the bottom of the tower and hence electricity is generated.