SPOTTERS in radiology with explanations
- 1. SPOTTERS DR.M.SATHIYA SENIOR RESIDENT Govt Medical college,Tiruppur
- 2. 1 1)Idendify the finding,diagnosis 2)Mention the specific MRI sequence
- 3. 1.Multiple sclerosis • 1) Dawson fingers are a radiographic feature of demyelination characterized by periventricular demyelinating plaques distributed along the axis of medullary veins, perpendicular to the body of the lateral ventricles and/or callosal junction. This is thought to reflect perivenular inflammation • 2)double inversion recovery (DIR)a sequence that suppresses both CSF and white matter signal and offers better delineation of the plaques
- 4. 2 1)Name the xray view 2)Indication for this view?
- 5. 2 • 1)Waters view(Occipito mental) • 2) maxillary sinus
- 6. 3 1)Mention the finding 2)It is associated with which condition?
- 7. 3 • 1)optic nerve glioma • 2)NF 1
- 8. 4 • 1)mention the finding • 2)DD for this condition
- 9. 4 • 1)IVORY VERTEBRA • 2)Pagets disease,sclerotic mets,lymphoma,
- 10. 5 1)Identify the fracture 2)Mechanism of injury
- 11. 5. • 1) Jefferson fracture - burst fracture of the atlas (C1).Four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches. • 2)Axial loading along the axis of the cervical spine
- 12. 6 1)Identify the finding 2)This Associated condition to be ruled out
- 13. 6 • Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau. • Very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). On the AP knee radiograph, it may be referred to as the lateral capsular sign.
- 14. 7 • 1)identify the sign • 2)other xray findings associated with this condition
- 15. 7 1)HAMPTONS HUMP - peripheral wedge of airspace opacity and implies lung infarction 2) Westermark sign - Regional oligaemia Palla sign - Right descending pulmonary artery enlargement Chang sign - dilated right descending pulmonary artery with sudden cut-off Fleishner sign - Central pulmonary artery enlargement knuckle sign - Abrupt pulmonary artery tapering
- 17. 8 • 1) GCT • 2)DD – ABC • CHONDROBLASTOMA
- 18. 9 • 1) findings • 2)DD
- 19. 9 DAI - several small regions of susceptibility artifact at the grey-white matter junction, in the corpus callosum, and in more severe cases in the brainstem, surrounded by FLAIR hyperintensity. Amyloid angiopathy Chronic hypertensive encephalopathy Cavernoma
- 21. 10 • 1) colpocephaly • 2)corpus callosal agenesis
- 23. 11 • 1) myositis ossificans - It has a zonal organization 1: • peripheral, well-organized mature lamellar bone • intermediate osteoid region • central immature non-ossified cellular (fibroblasts) focus • Typical finding is circumferential calcification with a lucent center and a radiolucent cleft (string sign) that separates the lesion from the cortex of the adjacent bone. • 2) DD – parosteal osteosarcoma
- 24. 12 • 1)Finding,DD • 2)associated findings
- 25. 12 • 1)cyst with mural nodule • DD – hemangioblastoma • Pilocytic astrocytoma • 2) hemangioblastoma – associated with VHL
- 26. 13 1) Mention the sign 2) Other named signs associated with this condition
- 27. 13 • 1) Foot ball sign • 2) Air under diaphragm • leaping dolphin sign - outlining of the diaphragmatic muscle slips by free intraperitoneal gas • cupola sign (on supine film) - underneath the central tendon of the diaphragm in the midline • continuous diaphragm sign
- 28. • bowel-related signs • ​​double wall sign (also known as Rigler signor bas-relief sign) • telltale triangle sign (also known as the triangle sign or telltale triangle) • peritoneal ligament-related signs • football sign • falciform ligament sign • lateral umbilical ligament sign (also known as inverted "V" sign) • urachus sign • right upper quadrant signs • cupola sign • fissure for ligamentum teres sign • hepatic edge sign • lucent liver sign • Morison pouch sign (doge cap sign) • periportal free gas sign
- 30. 14 • 1)emphysematous pyelonephritis • 2) PCN • Severe cases - nephrectomy
- 31. 15 • 1)mention the finding,diagnosis • 2)other findings associated with this condition
- 32. 15 • 1)B/L schwannoma,NF 2 • Multiple Inherited Schwannomas,Meningioma,Ependymomas
- 34. 16 • 1)SCFE Slipped capital femoral epiphysis • The slip occurs is posterior and, to a lesser extent, medial.more easily seen on the frog-leg lateral view rather than the AP hip view. AP View a line drawn up the lateral edge of the femoral neck line of Klein fails to intersect the epiphysis (Trethowan sign). • The metaphysis is displaced laterally and therefore may not overlap the posterior lip of the acetabulum as it should normally (loss of triangular sign of Capener). • The metaphyseal blanch sign, a sign seen on AP views, involves increases in the density of the proximal metaphysis. It represents the superposition of the femoral neck and the posteriorly displaced capital epiphysis.
- 35. 17 1)Diagnosis 2)Mention Other xray findings
- 36. 17 • 1)Rickets • 2) deficiency of normal mineralization is most evident at metaphyseal zones of provisional calcification where there is an excess of non- mineralized osteoid resulting in growth plate widening and abnormal configuration of the metaphysis: • Fraying: indistinct margins of the metaphysis • Splaying: widening of metaphyseal ends • Cupping: concavity of metaphysis • pseduofracture on the compression side of bone known as Looser's zone.
- 37. 18 1) Diagnosis 2) Other xray findings associated with this condition
- 38. 18 • 1)Ankylosis spondylitis • 2) Sacroiliitis is usually the first manifestation and is symmetrical and bilateral • Small erosions at the corners of vertebral bodies with reactive sclerosis: Romanus lesions of the spine (shiny corner sign) • Vertebral body squaring • Noninfectious spondylodiscitis: Andersson lesion • Diffuse syndesmophytic ankylosis can give a "bamboo spine" appearance • linear ossification along the central spine; representing interspinous ligament ossification can give a "dagger spine" appearance • Ossification of spinal ligaments, joints and discs • Apophyseal and costovertebral arthritis and ankylosis • Enthesophyte formation from enthesopathy • Pseudoarthroses may form at fracture sites • Dural ectasia
- 39. 19 1)Diagnosis 2)Complications associated with this conition
- 40. 19 • 1)Meconium peritonitis • 2) Sterile chemical peritonitis due to intrauterine bowel perforation and spillage of fetal meconium into the fetal peritoneal cavity. • Complications • Ascites: tends to be more echogenic than simple ascites • Bowel obstruction from the formation of fibro-adhesive bands • Meconium pseudocyst formation
- 41. 20 1) Finding ,diagnosis 2) Other findings associated with this condition
- 42. 20 • 1)salt and pepper/rain drop skull – Hyperparathyroidism • Radiographic features • Subperiosteal bone resorption • classically affects the radial aspects of the proximal and middle phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd fingers • Subchondral resorption • lateral end of the clavicles • symphysis pubis • sacroiliac joints • Subligamentous resorption • ischial tuberosity • trochanters • inferior surface of calcaneus and clavicle • Intracortical resorption: cigar/oval-shaped or tunnel-shaped radiolucency in the cortex • terminal tuft erosion (acro-osteolysis) • Brown tumors • chondrocalcinosis
- 43. • Findings in secondary (and tertiary) hyperparathyroidism are often associated with the osteosclerosis of renal osteodystrophy and the osteomalacia of vitamin D deficiency: • subperiosteal bone resorption • osteopenia • osteosclerosis, e.g. Rugger jersey spine • soft tissue calcification • superscan: generalized increased uptake on Tc-99m pertechnetate bone scan (focal uptake with adenoma) • superior and inferior rib notching
- 45. 21 • 1)Horse shoe kidney – flower vase appearance,shaking hand appearance • Complications • Hydronephrosis secondary to pelviureteric junction obstruction • Renal calculi • increased susceptibility to trauma • Infection and pyeloureteritis cystica • Increased incidence of malignancy • Wilms tumor • transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis • renal carcinoid • Renovascular hypertension
- 47. 22 • 1)VCU - Voiding Cysto Urethrogram • 2)Neurogenic bladder – christmas tree appearance/Pine cone bladder.
- 49. 23 • 1)HSG,Arcuate uterus • Müllerian duct anomaly classification • class I: uterine agenesis/uterine hypoplasia • class II: unicornuate uterus/unicornis unicollis • class III: uterus didelphys • class IV: bicornuate uterus • class V: septate uterus • class VI: arcuate uterus • class VII: in utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure (T-shaped uterus)
- 50. 24 • 1)Finding , diagnosis • 2)staging criteria
- 51. 24 • 1)NCC • 2) There are four main stages (also known as Escobar's pathological stages): • Vesicular: viable parasite with intact membrane and therefore no host reaction. • Colloidal vesicular: parasite dies within 4-5 years untreated, or earlier with treatment and the cyst fluid becomes turbid. As the membrane becomes leaky edema surrounds the cyst. This is the most symptomatic stage. • Granular nodular: edema decreases as the cyst retracts further; enhancement persists. • Nodular calcified: end-stage quiescent calcified cyst remnant; no edema.
- 52. 25 • . • 1)identify the procedure • 2)indications for the procedure
- 53. 26 • 1)Diagnosis • 2)mention few similar named conditions
- 54. 27 • 1)identify the sign • 2) diagnosis
- 55. 28 • 1) identify the abnormal condition • 2) other findings