Static electricity

Static electricity

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  Presented by HARISH KUMARMAHESHWARI
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   Have youever stuck a balloon to the wall after rubbing it on your head?  Has your jumper ever made crackling noises when you took it off?  Have you ever got an electric shock off your door knob?  Have you ever seen lightening?
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  All these thingshappen because of Static Electricity
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   Static electricityoccurs when there is a build up of electric charge on the surface of a material.  It is called static electricity because the charges don’t move.  The electricity we use everyday involves moving charges.
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   To understandcharge we have to look at things on an extremely small scale.  We have to try and understand things that we can’t even see with the most powerful microscope. Atoms!
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   Everything wesee around us everyday is made of atoms.  We can’t see individual atoms because they are so small.  In fact the diameter of an atom is about 0.0000000001m  In the air in your classroom there are about 1500000000000000000000000000 atoms.
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   The atomis made of 3 sorts of particles. The electron The proton The neutron  We can imagine each as a tiny little ball.
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   The protonsand neutrons sit together in a lump in the middle called the nucleus.  The electrons orbit around the nucleus, a bit like the planets orbiting the Sun. Most of the atom is empty space if atoms were the size of football fields, the nucleus would be a grain of sand in the middle and the electrons would be orbiting around the edge. .
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   The electronis negatively charged.  The proton is positively charged.  The neutron has no charge, it is neutral.
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   Most thingshave the same number of electrons and protons in them.  They don’t have any overall charge.  If this isn’t true interesting things can happen.
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   What doyou know about magnets?  2 north poles will repel each other, but a north and a south put together will attract one another. opposites attract, likes repel.
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   Exactly thesame thing happens with charges.  2 positive charges put together will repel each other.  Put a positive charge near a negative charge and they will attract each other.  A charged object may even attract a neutral one.
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   Static electricityis caused when certain materials are rubbed against each other.  Electrons can be rubbed off one material and on to another.  The material that has got extra electrons is now negatively charged  The material which has lost electrons is positively charged.
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   It isthis imbalance of positive and negative charges that causes:  Balloons to stick to walls.  Your hair to stand on end when brush your hair on a dry day.  And the electric shock you sometimes get from the door handle.
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   Lightning isactually just static electricity on a much larger scale.  The rubbing is caused by air moving around  In thunderclouds bottom is usually negative and top is positive.
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   When thelightning flash happens it heats the air to a temperature 5 times hotter than the surface of the sun.  This causes nearby air to expand and vibrate forming the sound we hear as thunder.
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   Lightning boltscan travel at speeds of up to 60,000 miles per second.  Every second around 100 bolts of lightning strike the Earth.  One lightning bolt has enough electricity to power 200,000 homes.  You are more likely to be struck by lightning than be eaten by a shark.
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   Lightning neverstrikes in the same place twice.  False, the Empire State Building is reportedly struck 100 times a year.  Wearing rubber shoes will protect me in a thunder storm.  False, Lighting is too powerful to be stopped by half an inch of rubber or several hundred feet of rubber for that matter.