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Summer Training Report Ntpc barh (ajeet)
- 1. STANI MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (APPROVED BY AICTE, MINISTRY OF HRD,GOVT. OF INDIA & AFFILIATED TO RTU, KOTA) PHAGI, JAIPUR -303005 A PRESENTATION OF SUMMER VACATION TRAINING IN “NTPC” BARH, PATNA SUBMITED BY - AJEET KUMAR
- 2. NTPC BARH
- 3. NTPC OVERVIEW NTPC Limited (Formerly National Thermal Power Corporation) is the largest power generation company in India and was founded on November 7, 1975. Contributing 26% of country’s entire power generation, it has placed itself in the Nav - Ratan companies of Indian government and hence is the public sector company. The total installed capacity of the company is 31134 MW NTPC has been operating its plants at high efficiency levels. Although the company has 18.79% of the total national capacity it contributes 28.60% of total power generation due to its focus on high efficiency. The company has set a future goal of having 75000 MW by 2017.
- 5. Beneficiary state The states & UTs of Northern & Western regions and state of Bihar
- 6. Coal before fixing in the furnace is Pulverized.coal pulverization is required in the whole system process not just in terms of furnace performance and heat rate but in terms of mechanical reliability and integrity of furnace. Flame is established in the furnace Using the LDO(light diesel oil).LDO is atomized by applying arc to it. Coal+air- Co2+CO+Sox+MOx+heat+ASH Here CO2-heat carrier CO-Acidic, danger to tubes(less air) MOX,SOX-Acidic formation in water bodies and atmosphere. To avoid the gases CO,MOX,SOX a ratio is maintained between air and coal of 1:6.It also ensures proper combustion.The water is purified(DM water) before injunction in the furnace to prevent choking of pipes due to the scale formation.
- 7. 1.BOILER 2.TURBINES 3.COOLING WATER PUMP 4.CONDENSER 5.DEAREATOR 6.REHEATER 7.AIR PREHEATER 8.PRECIPITATOR 9.ECONOMISER 10.COOLING TOWER 11.TRANSMISSION LINES(3 PHASE) 12.UNIT TRANSFORMERS(3 PHASE) 13.ELECTRIC GENERATORS(3 PHASE) 14.CONDENSATE EXTRACTION PUMP 15. Steam governor valve 16. FEED HEATER 17.COAL CONVEYOR 18.COAL HOPPER 19.FORCED DRAUGHT FAN 20.FLUE GAS
- 8. Boiler is a rectangular furnace about 50 feet on side and 130 feet tall. theirs walls are made of high pressure steel tubes about 2.3 inches in diameter which circulates DM water to be converted into steam. The thermal radiation heats water and changes to steam. Steam is sent to the turbine .The efficiency and technology of boiler vary according to the operational pressures. 1. Operational pressure>221 KSC---%n=42.45%-----super critical boiler 2. 175KSC <Operational pressure<221 KSC---%n=38.42%----- critical boiler 3. Operational pressure<175KSC---%n=38%-----sub critical boiler The turbine generator consists of a series of steam turbines interconnected to each other and generators on a common shaft. It pumps the water from the cooling tower which goes to the condenser.
- 9. The steam coming out from the Low Pressure Turbine (a little above its boiling pump) is brought into thermal contact with cold water (pumped in from the cooling tower) in the condenser, where it condenses rapidly back into water, creating near Vacuum-like conditions inside the condenser chest. A deareator is a device for air removal and used to remove dissolved gases (an alternate would be the use of water treatment chemicals) from boiler feed water to make it noncorrosive.
- 10. Reheater is a heater which is used to raise the temperature of steam which has fallen from the intermediate pressure turbine. The purpose of the air preheater is to recover the heat from the boiler flue gas which increases the thermal efficiency of the boiler by reducing the useful heat lost in the flue gas. An Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a particulate device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge.
- 11. General Voltage Level LT – 415 V HT – 11KV & 3.3 KV EHT – 400KV Voltage generation level (NTPC Barh) stage 1 – 24.5kv stage 2 – 21.5kv voltage level ( power plant) 5.5kv, 11kv, 132kv,400kv
- 12. Switchyard is considered as the HEART of the Power Plant. Power generated can be worthy only if it is successfully transmitted and received by its consumers. Switchyard plays a very important role as a junction between the generation and transmission. It is a junction, which carries the generated power to its destination (i.e. consumers). Outdoor equipments 1. Bus bar 2. Lightening Arrester 3. Wavetrap 4. Breaker 5. Capacitive voltage transformer 6. Earthingrod 7. Current transformer 8. Potential transformer 9. Lightening Mask Indoor equipments 1. Relays 2. Control panels’ 3. Circuit breakers
- 13. 1. Bus bar In electrical power distribution, a busbar is a strip or bar of copper, brass or aluminium that conducts electricity within a switchboard, distribution board, substation, battery bank, or other electrical apparatus. PICTORIAL VIEW OF BUS BAR A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal. 2.lightning arrester PICTORIAL VIEW OF LIGHTNING ARRESTER
- 14. 3.wave trap Wave Traps are used at sub-stations using Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC). PLCC is used to transmit communication and control information at a high frequency over the power lines.. 4 .Breaker A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.
- 15. Depending on the arc quenching medium being used C.B.s can be categorizedinto various types. In BSTPP for 400 KV/132 KV switchyard only one type is being used ACB (Air break circuit breaker):- operated as well asarc quenched through air. BOCB (Bulk oil circuit breaker):- arc quenching done through oil(Aerosol fluid oil). MOCB (Minimum oil circuit breaker):- arc quenching done through oil(Aerosol fluid oil). ABCB (Air Blast Circuit Breaker):- arc quenching done by blast of air SF6 circuit breaker:- arc quenching done through SF6 gas.
- 16. A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT), or capacitance-coupled voltage transformer (CCVT), is a transformer used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal. 5. CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER 6.CURRENT TRANSFORMER The current transformer is a step up transformer , it means current is stepped down to a very low value (generally 1 A or 5 A) so that it can be used for measuring and protection purposes .
- 17. Current Transformer is used for basically two major functions: - 1 .Metering which means current measurement. 2. Protection such as over current protection, overload earth faultprotection, Bus-bar protection, Bus differential protection.CT is typically described by its current ratio from primary to secondary. ISOLATOR An isolator is one, which can break an electrical circuit when the circuit is to beswitched on no load. These are normally used in various circuits for the purposes of isolating a certain portion when required for maintenance etc.
- 18. In BSTPP there are two switchyards:- (i) 400KV SWITCHYARD (ii) 132KV SWITCHYARD .400 KV SWITCHYARD There are total 22 bay in 400 KV switchyard. A Bay is basically a way for the incoming power from generator as well as outgoing power for distribution. 5 Bay for each generating transformer 3 Bay for ICT(Inter Connecting Transformer) 2 Bay for PATNA line 2 Bay for KAHALGAON line 2 Bay for BALIA line 7 for FUTURE line 1 Bay for SHUNT REACTOR There are four main buses in 400 KV switchyard. Main bus – 1& 2 Main bus – 3&4 132 KV SWITCHYARD There are total 11 Bay in 132 KV switchyard. 3 Bay for ICT (Inter Connecting Transformer) 5 Bay for S.T (Station Transformer) 2 Bay for MST (Miscellaneous Service Transformer) 1 Bay for Bus Coupler There are two main buses in 132 KV switchyard. Main bus - 1 Main bus - 2
- 19. It is a static machine which increases or decreases the AC voltage without changing the frequency of the supply. It is a device that: Transfers electric power from one circuit to another. It accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction. In this the two electric circuits are in mutual inductive influence of each other. WORKING PRINCIPLE: It works on FARADAY‟S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (self or mutual induction depending on the type of transformer). CLASSIFICATION: (I) ACCORDING TO THE CORE: a) Core type transformer b) shell type transformer c) Berry type transformer (II) ACCORDING TO PHASES: a) 1phase transformer b) 3phase transformer (III) ACCORDING TO THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED : a) Distribution transformer b) Transmission transformer c) Generator transformer d) Station transformer e) Unit Auxiliary transformer (UAT)
- 20. GENERATING TRANSFORMER:- A generating transformer is a single – phase power transformer(3 single phase units shall form a bank) . Generating Transformer steps–up the generated voltage of 24 KV by alternator to a higher voltage of 400 KV (hence, working as a step-up Transformer).This voltage of 400 KV is then transmitted to Switchyard INTER CONNECTING TRANSFORMER:- An ICT is a 3-phase auto transformer used to interconnect 400 KV switchyard and 132 KV switchyard STATION TRANSFORMER:- Station Transformer is used only for initializing the start-up of the station (Main Plant).It is very beneficial during emergency situations such as tripping of Units, shut-down etc. Station transformers is used to start Station auxiliaries a which are required for generating services such as coal and ash handling system, lighting system, water purifying system etc
- 21. UNIT TRANSFORMER The Unit Auxiliary Transformer is the Power Transformer that provides power to the auxiliary equipment of a power generating station during its normal operation. MISCELLANEOUS SERVICE TRANSFORMER Miscellaneous service transformer are used to supply miscellaneous loads of plant. It is a two winding transformer connected to 132 KV switchyard
- 22. GENERATOR SPECIFICATIONS- KVA 247000 Pf 0.85 Volts of stator 15750 Amperes of stator 9050 Volts of rotor 310 Amperes of rotor 2600 Rpm 3000 Hz 50 Phase 3 Connection YY Coolant water(stator)&hydrogen(rotor) Gas pressure 3.5kg/cm-sq. Insulation class B Turbo generators are used in thermal power stations because of the steam energy to mechanical energy conversion, turbo generators are more efficient.