Surah taubah

Names This Surah is known by two names – AT-TAUBAH –because it enunciates the nature of taubah (repentance) and mentions the conditions of its acceptance.(vv. 102. 118). AL-BARA'AT. The second name BARA' AT (Release) is taken from the first word of the Surah.

Omission of Bismillah This is the only Surah of the Quran to which Bismillah is not prefixed. Imam Razi says this is because the Holy Prophet himself did not dictate it at the beginning of the Surah. Therefore the Companions did not prefix it and their successors followed them., This is a further proof of the fact that utmost care has been taken to keep the Quran in its complete and original form.

Discourses and Periods of Revelation First discourse- Verses 1-34 in Zilqada AH 9- Discourse was given to Abu-Bakar® to announce at the time of Hajj. 2 nd discourse- Verses 38-72 in Rajab AH-9 when Prophet (SAW) was preparing for Tabuk 3 rd discourse-Verses 73-129 on his return from Tabuk.

Problems of the Period To make the whole of Arabia a perfect Dar-ul-Islam, To extend the influence of Islam to the adjoining countries, To crush the mischief of the hypocrites, and To prepare the Muslims for Jihad

6 Parts of Surah Taubah According to Sheikh Abdullah Azaam Shaheed, Surah Bara't consists of six parts 1). The first part of Surah Bara't which consists of the beginning 28 verses is about the announcement of war against the polytheists of Arabia, details of breaking up the pledges, excellence of four months and causes of fighting with the polytheists etc. 2). The second part comprises fighting against the people of the book and the causes of fighting against them. 3). The third part comprises the warnings and admonishing of those people who do not come out for Jihad as Allah commanded.

4- Condition and disclosure of hypocrites Another name of Surah Taubah is Surah Al-Jaus because it searches out and discloses the vices of the hypocrites. Ibn-e-Abbas (RA) says, "The verses of Surah Taubah kept revealing and telling that such and such people include these hypocrites till we thought, this Surah will spare none. Surah Taubah finally describes all about the traits of the hypocrites, their conspiracies, their penetrating into the Islamic society, their spreading of fear among the Muslims and hindering the Muslims from Jihad.

5- Types of people in an Islamic Society i). The Muhajir and Ansar who excelled in belief, migration and assistance. (ii). The people with poor belief who mixed up the good with the bad activities. (iii). Hypocrites iv). Those whose pardoning was postponed V).Those who built Masjid Zarar VI).People of pledge of Rizwan VII). People of Badar VIII) People of Uhad.

6- Attributes of those who enter in a trade with Allah (SWT) The sixth part is purely about the description of the attributes and temperament of the Muslims who enter in a trade with Allah (SWT) They offer the sacrifice of wealth and body and never remain at the back part in fighting in the company of the Holy Prophet

At-Taubah, ayaat:111-112 . إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَى مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيَقْتُلُونَ وَيُقْتَلُونَ وَعْدًا عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالإنْجِيلِ وَالْقُرْآنِ وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِعَهْدِهِ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَاسْتَبْشِرُوا بِبَيْعِكُمُ الَّذِي بَايَعْتُمْ بِهِ وَذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ التَّائِبُونَ الْعَابِدُونَ الْحَامِدُونَ السَّائِحُونَ الرَّاكِعُونَ السَّاجِدُونَ الآمِرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّاهُونَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَالْحَافِظُونَ لِحُدُودِ اللَّهِ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

Verse 111 111. Verily, Allah has purchased of the believers their lives and their properties; for the price that theirs shall be the Paradise. They fight in Allah's Cause, so they kill (others) and are killed. It is a promise in truth which is binding on Him in the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel) and the Qur‘an. And who is truer to his covenant than Allah? Then rejoice in the bargain which you have concluded. That is the supreme success .

Verse 112 112. (The believers whose lives Allah has purchased are) those who repent to Allah (from polytheism and hypocrisy, etc.), who worship Him, who praise Him, who fast (or go out in Allah's Cause), who bow down (in prayer), who prostrate themselves (in prayer), who enjoin (people) for Al-Ma'ruf (i.e. Islamic Monotheism and all what Isl�m has ordained) and forbid (people) from Al-Munkar (i.e. disbelief, polytheism of all kinds and all that Isl�m has forbidden), and who observe the limits set by Allah (do all that Allah has ordained and abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which Allah has forbidden). And give glad tidings to the believers.

Imaan is a trade agreement with Allah 061.010 يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى تِجَارَةٍ تُنْجِيكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ 061.011 تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَتُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ 061.012 يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَيُدْخِلْكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الأنْهَارُ وَمَسَاكِنَ طَيِّبَةً فِي جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ 061.013 وَأُخْرَى تُحِبُّونَهَا نَصْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَفَتْحٌ قَرِيبٌ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ Al-Qur'an, 061.010-013 (As-Saff )

Nature of this trade with Allah Allah (SWT) is the real owner of every thing with man. He gave these to man as trust. Free will and freedom of choice is given to man to act as owner or a trustee. Trade with Allah (SWT) means to choose to act as a trustee and not as a owner. In return, Allah (SWT) guarantees Jannah (Paradise) in the hereafter.

Implications of this trade. 1-Two tests : By entering in this trade, man faces two critical tests; a- Does he accept to be the trustee and not owner. b- Does he surrenders his freedom to the obedience of Allah (SWT) in lieu of the promise of Jannah in the hereafter.

2-Difference between legal Islam and true fulfillment of this trade accord Legal Islam : Declaration of Shahadah, establish Ibadaat and other commands True to this trade accord : a- Does not consider his time, money, belongings to be his assets but those of Allah. b- Does not spend out of his amanah according to his will but according to the Allah’s Will. c- Struggles and strives utmost in the cause of Allah and not for his personal causes and likes.

3-Differentiation between Islamic way of life and Kufr way of life Islamic way of life : Muslim acts in obedience of Allah’s commands in all aspects of his life. He may be forgetful for a short while, but when he realizes it, he turns to Allah. Kufr way of life : One acts independently of Allah’s Will in some or all aspects of his life. One may be labeled as a Muslim but this attitude violates the spirit of this trade with Allah.

4- This trade accord means to submit to the Will of Allah defined in Quran and Sunnah. This trade requires that one finds the true Will of Allah in Quran and Sunnah of Prophet Mohammad (SAW). Personal definitions or definitions besides those two sources are unacceptable. Why the reward of Jannah in Akhirah? This trade accord can only be completed in the Akhirah when it will be determined if man fulfilled his part of the deal.

Are these promises present in Injeel and Taurah? We find few statements of Jesus (AS) in present day gospels which are synonymous with this ayah: Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10 He who finds his life will lose it, and he who loses his life for my sake will find it. Matthew,10:39 And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters, or father or mother or wife or children or lands for my name’s sake, shall receive a hundredfold and inherit eternal life. Matthew.19:29.

Do you find these in Taurah? We do not find it in the present day Old Testament or Taurah. Present day Taurah is not complete. It was destroyed and then re compiled by Ezra from memoirs. As the time passed, Jewish traditions, prejudices, desires, superstitions, commentaries were added.

Qualities necessary for believers to fulfill their part of the bargain.

Tai’boon-Those who do Taubah Taubah means to turn back and return. True believers turn to Allah (SWT) in repentance again and again. If some error is made, one realizes it with remorse and asks forgiveness. Taubah Nasooha means sincere Taubah with firm determination not to commit sin again.

Allah (SWT) accepts Taubah He is the One that accepts repentance from His Servants and forgives sins: and He knows all that ye do. 4563 26 And He listens to those who believe and do deeds of righteousness and gives them increase of His Bounty: but for the Unbelievers there is a terrible Penalty. SHURA 42:25-26

AHADITH ON TAUBAH 1- Abdullah Ibn Masood ® reported that the Prophet (SAW) said, “ A person who repented from sin is like one who did not commit sit.” ( Ibn Maja, Baihaqi) 2- Abu Huraira ® reported that the Prophet (SAW) said, “ By Allah! I seek Allah’s forgiveness and do Taubah more than 70 times a day.” Bukhari

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HYPOCRITE AND SINFUL MOMIN Momin does not look for excuses and accepts his mistake His past is example of sincerity, sacrifice for the movement and dedication His future attitude shows true remorse and struggle to compensate for the mistake

Al Aabidoon – Worshiping Allah (SWT) and submitting to Him Ibadah consists of 3 meaning: 1- Worship- One must worship Allah (SWT) alone, pray to Him, be thankful to Him and bow down before Him. 2-Servitude- One must serve only Allah (SWT) as his Master and must not be a slave to any one else. 3- Accept as only ultimate Sovereign and Law Giver.

Hamidoon (Praising Allah ) 017.044 تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَاوَاتُ السَّبْعُ وَالأرْضُ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ وَإِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلا يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَلَكِنْ لا تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا 017.044 (Al-Isra ) They glorify Allah (SWT) and praise him in their Zikr day and night. They join the creation of Allah (SWT) which is engaged in Zikr.

Constant Zikr is a quality of believers 003.191 الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَى جُنُوبِهِمْ وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ رَبَّنَا مَا خَلَقْتَ هَذَا بَاطِلا سُبْحَانَكَ فَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ Al-Qur'an, 003.191 (Aal-E-Imran)

As Sai’hoon Ibn Abbas said it means they fast. It also means to travel for the purpose of Jihad fi Sabelillah Hijrah Dawah Ilallah Service of mankind Seek Islamic knowledge Observation of Allah’s creation and signs of Allah.

Raki’oon , As Sajidoon It means they establish obligatory Salaah. In addition, they are engaged in optional Salaah and nawafil

Amiroon bil maroof, wan Nahoon anil Munkar They promote righteousness They forbid evil

Hafizoon Li Hudoodillah Allah (SWT) has prescribed certain laws in the matters related to beliefs, worships, morals, social issues, economy, politics, justice, peace and war. They respect these laws. They limit their individual and collective actions within those limits. It also means they try to establish these rules in their societies and protect these. They make all the efforts and struggle that these rules are not violated.

Why were we not created with these qualities from the start? Quran emphasizes three essential components of human’s moral –spiritual evolution: Free will , ability to choose Intellect , learning from one’s choices Struggle

Summary When we declare Shahadah, we enter into a trade with Allah(SWT) Our part of the bargain involves surrendering our lives and belongings to the Will of Allah(SWT) In return, Allah (SWT) guarantees us Jannah in the Akhirah. We need to develop essential attributes to fulfill our part of the bargain.(Taubah, Ibadah, zikr, fasting, travelling, salaah, amar bil maroof wa nahi anil munkar and protect Allah’s rules)

Surah taubah

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Surah taubah (20)

More from Mohammad Yunus, MD, FACP (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Surah taubah

Editor's Notes