Teaching strategies.pptx
- 1. TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
- 2. Introduction Whether teachers are entering their first year in the classroom, or they are classroom experts, educators are always searching for new ways to improve the learning experience for students. By learning new strategies and teaching methods, educators can promote learning and actively stimulate children‘s natural thirst for knowledge. The impact of an effective elementary school teacher can remain with a child for the rest of his or her life.
- 3. LECTURE METHOD The lecture is defined as the method of instruction in which the instructor has full responsibility for presenting facts and principles orally. Lectures may be formal or informal. Formal Lectures: The formal lecture method is primarily used when presenting information to large groups. Communication is virtually a one way communication from instructor to students. Informal Lectures: The informal lecture includes active student participation. Learning is best achieved if students participate actively in a relaxed atmosphere, therefore, the informal lecture is encouraged over the formal
- 4. Advantages of Lecture Method It provides an economical and efficient method for delivering substantial amounts of information to large numbers of student. It affords a necessary framework or overview for subsequent learning, e.g., reading assignments, small group activities, discussion. It offers current information (more up to date than most texts) from many sources. It provides a summary or synthesis of information from different sources. It creates interest in a subject as lecturers transmit enthusiasm about their discipline.
- 5. Disadvantages of Lecture Method It does not afford the instructor with ways to provide students with individual feedback. It is difficult to adapt to individual learning differences. It may fail to promote active learning unless other teaching strategies, such as questioning and problem-solving activities, are incorporated into the lecture.
- 6. DEMONSTRATION METHOD Demonstration involves showing by reason or proof, explaining or making clear by use of examples or experiments. Demonstrations often occur when students have a hard time connecting theories to actual practice or when students are unable to understand application of theories.
- 7. MAJOR PURPOSE OF DEMONSTRATION METHOD When practical, allow trainees to repeat the procedure in a ―hands on‖ practice session to reinforce the learning process. By immediately correcting the trainees‘ mistakes and reinforcing proper procedures, you can help them learn the task more quickly. The direct demonstration approach is a very effective method of instruction, especially when trainees have the opportunity to repeat the procedures.
- 8. ADVANTAGES OF DEMONSTRATION METHOD Saves time in presenting Concentrates attention of learners on relationships to be understood Makes efficient use of "power of observation Is a means of strong motivation, and Can be used in training groups or individuals.
- 9. DRILL METHOD The term drill and practice is defined as a method of instruction characterized by systematic repetition of concepts, examples, and practice problems. Drill and practice is a disciplined and repetitious exercise, used as a mean of teaching and perfecting a skill or procedure. To develop or maintain one‘s specific skills, the sub skills built through drill and practice should become the building blocks for more meaningful learning. Effective use of drill and practice depends on the recognition of the type of skill being developed, and the use of appropriate strategies to develop these competencies.
- 10. Limitations of Drill and Practice Teachers need to make sure that when having students practice, there is a clear link between concept and action. Students must be able to relate what they are doing to what they are learning. Similarly, drills are not effective when students are not prepared enough; they will not be able to maintain a pace if they are still unclear about a concept
- 11. PROJECT METHOD Project method is of American origin and is an outcome of Dewey‘s philosophy of pragmatism. Oxford learners‘ dictionary define project method as a ‘plan of action‘. According to Dr. Kilpatrick , A project is a unit of wholehearted purposeful activity carried on preferably in its natural setting‘ and J. A. Stevenson ,A project is a problematic act carried to completion in its most natural setting‘.
- 12. Concept of Project Method The project method, also discussed under headings like project work, project approach, and project-based learning, is one of the standard teaching methods. It is a sub-form of action-centered and student-directed learning and an enterprise in which children engage in practical problem solving for a certain period of time. In project method, teaching and learning are considered from the child‘s point of view and in this method knowledge and skills are learnt by pupils through practical handling of problem in their natural setting.
- 13. Advantages of Project Method The project method is based on sound psychological principles and laws of teaching which provide scope for independent work and individual development. It promotes habits of critical thinking and encourages the students to adopt problem solving methods. It helps in enhancing social interaction, inculcates spirit of co-operation and exchanges of experiences among the students
- 14. Disadvantages of Project Method The project is uneconomical in terms of time and is not possible to fit in to the regular timetable. It does not provide any training in mathematical thinking and reasoning. The learning is incomplete and uniform learning or balanced learning is not possible for all students as each student performs a different activity. Textbooks and instructional materials are hardly available. It is an expensive method as it makes use of a lot of resources which are not immediately available in the school. Syllabus cannot be completed on time using this method.
- 15. Phases of Project Method Project method teaching involves three phases. In phase one, the teacher builds an interest in the topic by encouraging students to share personal relevant stories that act as guidelines to help formulate questions to investigate. In phase two, the teacher enables students to go on field trips; interview experts such as waiters, farmers or nurses, depending on the topic of study; and share the new knowledge with their classmates. In phase three, the teacher guides the study to its conclusions and helps the children review their achievements.
- 16. PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH/INQUIRY METHOD The use of, and evidence behind, two related student-centred approaches to teaching has grown significantly over the past decades - problem solving approach and inquiry method. Each of these terms define a type of learning environment that is similar to one another, but has over time been defined slightly differently.
- 17. Role of a Teacher Give suggestions not answers Offer a problem solving heuristic approach Teach a variety of problem solving strategies Allow time for the students to struggle with the problem Choose problems that require time to think through a solution Provide a variety of problems Allow students time to practice a heuristic and strategies Give similar or the same problem in different ways
- 18. ROLE-PLAYING---GAMES AND SIMULATION Purpose of Role-Playing Role play involves imagination, and … ―Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand. Albert Einstein
- 19. Principles for Effective Role Playing As a teaching technique, role playing is based on the philosophy that meanings are in people, not in words or symbols. If that philosophy is accurate, we must first of all share the meanings, then clarify our understandings of each other‘s meanings, and finally, if necessary, change our meanings.
- 20. Basic Role-Playing Procedures Prepare class for role-play. Give clear instructions. Act out role-plays.
- 21. DEVELOPING INTERPERSONAL SKILL AND TEACHING STYLE Fostering Personal Relationship with Students. Developing Interpersonal Skills.