The educational system in germany and england
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The educational system in Germany has several types of schools that students can attend after primary school, including Hauptschule (general secondary school), Realschule (intermediate secondary school), and Gymnasium (grammar school). Students take the Abitur exam after the 13th grade to earn a university qualification. Kindergarten is not mandatory but over 67% of 3-6 year olds attend, and primary school from ages 6-10 is compulsory. Vocational training also plays a large role in the German educational system.
The educational system in germany and england
- 1. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN GERMANY Educational System -is closely related with its economic conditions the type of economy has equally affected the education institution within the country. Types of Education Kindergarten Primary School (Grundschule) Secondary General School (Hauptschule) Intermediate School (Realschule) Grammer School (Gymnasium) Comprehensive School (Gesampt schule) Vocational Training Abitur Kinder Kindergarten (literally translated: a garden or yard for kids) is not a part of the regular public school system and is not required or free. Tuition is normally based on income. Even though it’s not mandatory, over 67% of 3 to 6 years olds attend them.Kindergartens are usually run by churches, organizations and private companies. Primary School (Grundschule) From the age of 6 through 9 all children must attend Grundschule or primary school. Here they one teacher that will teach them the basic skills like reading, writing and math and religion.
- 2. 5th and 6th grades (the “orientation” grades:) it is decided which track the student will go to next. Hauptschule (Secondary General School) The lowest track in the German education system is the Hauptschule (General school). It’s starts with 5th grade and goes up through the 9th grade. A Hauptschule is a school where the students prepare for occupations that required training. After a student graduates a Hauptschule they can go on to a vocational school which lasts about 2 years. Realschule (Intemediate School) is a school that’s a little more advanced that the Hauptschule. Here students learn the basic subjects which will prepare them for a mid level job in business. In a Realschule it’s possible (if a student receives high enough grades) to transfer to a Gymnasium. Gymnasium (Grammer School) The gymnasium is one of the tracks a student could go to after primary school. This school prepares students to enter a university. The gymnasium goes for eight years or from the 5th through 13th grades. Here students learn subjects like German, math, physics, chemistry, geography, biology, art, PE, religion and history. They are also required to learn two foreign languages. Abitur It is a crucial examinations that German students take this week long test at the end of their 13th year. If they pass the Abitur they receive a maturity certificate that let’s them into a University.
- 3. If they fail they only have a few more chances to pass or they won’t be allowed to attend a University. Germany Educational System Advanced vocational training University Technical or Trade school 13 Vocational qualification University qualification exam (Abitur) 13th grade and Abitur prep 12 11 Training and education at companies and part time vocational schools (Berufschule) Full-time vocational school (Berufsfacherschule) Vocational uppper secondary school (Fachober- schule) Continuation with Gymnasium or Gesamtschule 10- 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - Secondary general school(Hauptschule) Intermediate school(Realschule) Grammer school(Gymnasium) Comprehensive school(Gesampt schule) 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 Primary School (Grundschule) Kindergarten Length of the school day/week/year The school year comprises between 188 and 208 days in the period from August to July. The length of the school day and week is determined by each of the Lander.
- 4. Schools open on five or six days a week (mostly mornings). Each week entails 19- 28 lessons at primary school, and 28-30 lessons at secondary level. A lesson lasts 45 minutes. Teachers in Germany All pre-school staff (Grundschule) are trained at upper secondary level. Teachers are trained at universities and colleges of art and music, and pass the first and second (state examination) in usually two subjects and in educational science. Primary teachers are generalists and secondary teachers are subject specialists. Teachers are generally employed by the Land and have civil servant status. Special Education Children with speech defects and children with behavioral problems are conceived as transitional schools and their aim is to alleviate the speech and behavioral problems to such an extent that the pupils can return to a mainstream school. Special Education Requirements into the following categories: Blind Visual impaired Deaf Hearing impaired Mental disabled Physically disabled Pupils with learning difficulties Students with behavioural problems
- 5. Students with impaired speech Pupils with a disease THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN ENGLAND INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATION IN ENGLAND Children are required by law to have an education until they are 16 years old. Education is compulsory, but school is not, children are not required to attend school. They could be educated at home. Education is free for all children from 5 to 16 Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between 5 and 16 (inclusive) across England. This can be provided by state schools, independent schools, or homeschooling. About 94 percent of pupils in England, and the rest of the UK, receive free education from public funds, while 6 per cent attend independent fee paying schools or homeschooling. Curriculum All government-run schools, state schools, follow the same National Curriculum. The School Year The school year runs from September to July and is 39 weeks long. For many areas the year is divided into six terms: September to October October to December
- 6. January to February February to March April to May June to July School Holidays The main school holidays are: Christmas- 2 weeks Spring - 2 weeks Summer - 6 weeks There are also one week holidays: end of October mid February end of May Kids Start Schooling Children normally start primary school at the age of four or five, but many schools now have a reception year for four year olds. Children normally leave at the age of 11, moving on to secondary school (High school). Please note also: Every three and four year old in England is entitled to 12.5 hours of free early learning per week, in nurseries, playgroups, pre-schools or at their child minders for 38 weeks of the year.
- 7. Education Stages 1. Nursery Schools 3-4years old 2. Primary Schools 5-11 years old Foundation Stage - Nursery, Reception, (Infants) Key Stage 1 - Years 1 and 2 (Infants) Key Stage 2 -Years 3 - 6 (Juniors) 3. Secondary Schools 12-18 years old Years 7-13 (Key Stage 3, 4 & 5) Grade/ Year in England Children are put into year groups (grades). The whole class moves up a year group each year in September. Age* England and Wales Scotland 1 Sept - 31 Aug 1 Sept - 29 Feb 1 Mar - 31 Aug School Key Stage Year Year Year 4-5 Primary School or Infant School Reception - Primary 1 (P1)
- 8. 5-6 " KS1 Year 1 Primary 2 (P2) Primary 1 (P1) 6-7 " " Year 2 Primary 3 (P3) Primary 2 (P2) 7-8 Primary School or Junior School KS2 Year 3 Primary 4 (P4) Primary 3 (P3) 8-9 " " Year 4 Primary 5 (P5) Primary 4 (P4) 9-10 " " Year 5 Primary 6 (P6) Primary 5 (P5) 10-11 " " Year 6 Primary 7 (P7) Primary 6 (P6) 11-12 Secondary School KS3 Year 7 Secondary 1 Primary 7 (P7) 12-13 " " Year 8 Secondary 2 Secondary 1 13-14 " " Year 9 Secondary 3 Secondary 2 14-15 " KS4 Year 10 Secondary 3 15-16 " " Year 11 Secondary 4 S4 Std Grade 16-17 6th Form at Secondary A' Level Year 12 Secondary 5 S5 Higher Secondary 4 S4 Std Grade
- 9. School or College 17-18 " " Year 13 Secondary 6 S6 Adv Higher Secondary 5 S5 Higher Secondary 6 S6 Adv Higher Types of School in ENGLAND Primary schools (5 - 11 year olds) In the England, the first level of education is known as primary education. These are almost always mixed sex, and usually located close to the child's home. Children tend to be with the same group throughout the day, and one teacher has responsibility for most of the work they do. Parents are strongly encouraged to help their children, particularly with reading and writing, and small amounts of homework are set to all children, even during the early years at school. Secondary schools (11 - 16 year olds) Most children transfer at the age of 11 - usually to their nearest secondary school, though the law allows parents in England and Wales to express preferences for other schools too. A place has to be offered at the parents' preferred school unless the school has more applicants than places; in that case it will admit the children who have the highest priority under its published admission arrangements which can vary a little in different places. Most secondary schools cater for both sexes. They tend to be much larger than primary schools.
- 10. Independent Schools 7% of the children in England go to independent schools. Independent schools are known as private schools and public schools . Parents pay for their children to attend these schools. Public Schools A public school is an independent secondary school. Public schools in England are not run by the government. The entrance exams used by most public schools are known as Common Entrance exams and are taken at the age of 11 (girls) or 13 (boys). The most famous public schools are Eton, Harrow and Winchester. Prep Schools A preparatory school is a school to prepare pupils to go to a public school. Higher Education Around 30% of the 18 to 19 year olds enter full-time higher education. The formal entry requirements to most degree courses are two A-levels at grade E or above. In practice, most offers of places require qualifications in excess of this. References: www.google.com Harold Noah and Farooq Joubish, (2009) Comparative Education, Wikepedia Clive Dimmrock and Allan Walker (1998) Journal Administration Eurydice (Socrates Programme) March [email protected] Prepared by: ELLEN E. ORQUEZA MaEd