![• Anaximander’s model (flat earth)
• Pythagoras’s model (Fire of the Gods in the
middle)
• Ptolemy’s model (Geocentric – Earth centred)
• Copernicus’ model (Heliocentric – Sun
centred)
• Kepler’s model (Same as Copernicus except
the orbits are elliptical [egg shaped])](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lesson3thehistoryofastronomy-140608023253-phpapp02/85/The-History-of-Astronomy-25-320.jpg)
The History of Astronomy
- 1. The History of Astronomy Lesson Intention:- To begin to understand how Astronomy developed over time.
- 2. Success Criteria -I know what heliocentric and geocentric models are. -I understand that Science is built up over time and “facts” change as we discover new things.
- 3. How scientists ideas about the Solar System have developed over time.
- 4. The Hebrews: the Universe was created by God in 6 days, beginning from a formless void. The Greeks: Originally there was formless Chaos; this was followed by gods who brought order to the cosmos and fought among themselves to control it. India: Originally there was neither form nor substance; Father Sky and Mother Earth conceived the gods, who shaped the earth. Egypt: The Universe is a large rectangular box with Egypt at the center. The Sun-god Ra rode around the celestial river once a day, and star lamps were suspended from the top of the box.
- 5. The Earth and each of the other bodies in the Universe, was spherical and revolved about a central body. The Sun was not central but he thought there was a central fire. Around the fire was ten revolving bodies: the Sun, the Earth, the Moon, five planets, heaven with its stars and a newcomer named Antichthon or "the counter-Earth". The counter-Earth could never be seen by man because it was always on the opposite side of the central fire. The light and heat which reached the Earth from the central fire were reflected to the Earth by the Sun.
- 6. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Pythagorus Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 7. Believed that the earth was flat and was supported by nothing. It stayed up due to equilibrium. The earth did not move. It stayed equidistant in the universe. The earth is in the center of the universe. The sun and moon were hollow rings filled with fire. The are vents or holes in the rings, through which the fire can shine. The phases of the Moon, as well as eclipses of the sun and the moon, are due to the vents closing up. A Greek philosopher; Born: 611 BC, Miletus Turkey Died: 546 BC
- 8. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Anaximander Believed that the earth was flat and was in the center of the universe (500BC) Pythagoru s Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 9. Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that the Earth was at the centre of the Solar System and that all other objects orbited around it. 384 BC – 322 BC
- 10. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Aristotle He suggests that the Earth is at the centre of the solar system. (approx. 340 BC) Anaximander Believed that the earth was flat and was in the center of the universe (500BC) Pythagoru s Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 11. Ptolemy was another ancient Greek philosopher. He noticed that some of his observations did not fit with Aristotle’s ideas. He suggested the idea of Epicycles to explain the way some of the planets moved. He still put Earth at the centre of the Solar System. 150 BC
- 12. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Aristotle He suggests that the Earth is at the centre of the solar system. (approx. 340 BC) Aristarchus He suggests the idea of the Sun at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 200 BC) Ptolemy He suggests the idea of epicycles to suggest how planets move. The Earth is still at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 150 BC) Anaximande r Believed that the earth was flat and was in the center of the universe (500BC) Pythagoru s Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 13. He was the first scientist to suggest that the SUN was at the centre of the Solar System. He was also the first scientist to correctly order the planets. 1473 - 1543
- 14. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Nicolas Copernicus Suggests that the sun is at the centre of the Solar System. (1543 AD) Aristotle He suggests that the Earth is at the centre of the solar system. (approx. 340 BC) Aristarchus He suggests the idea of the Sun at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 200 BC) Ptolemy He suggests the idea of epicycles to suggest how planets move. The Earth is still at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 150 BC) Anaximande r Believed that the earth was flat and was in the center of the universe (500BC) Pythagoru s Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 15. Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist. He did much work on improving the telescope. This allowed him to see things that other scientists could not. He was the first person to identify Sunspots. He also was the first person to see the 4 brightest moons of Jupiter. He also noticed that our view of Venus changes in the same way as that of our Moon. 1564 AD – 1642 AD
- 16. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Nicolas Copernicus Suggests that the sun is at the centre of the Solar System. (1543 AD) Aristotle He suggests that the Earth is at the centre of the solar system. (approx. 340 BC) Aristarchus He suggests the idea of the Sun at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 200 BC) Galileo Made major advances in telescope design. (1594 AD) Ptolemy He suggests the idea of epicycles to suggest how planets move. The Earth is still at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 150 BC) Anaximande r Believed that the earth was flat and was in the center of the universe (500BC) Pythagoru s Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 17. Johannes Kepler was a German scientist. He proposed three laws to explain the movement of planets. One of his most important ideas was that the orbits of planets were not circular. One of his laws also suggested that planets do not always move at the same speed. The speed was related to the planets distance from the Sun. Both of these ideas fit in with current thinking. 1571 AD – 1630 AD
- 18. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Nicolas Copernicus Suggests that the sun is at the centre of the Solar System. (1543 AD) Aristotle He suggests that the Earth is at the centre of the solar system. (approx. 340 BC) Aristarchus He suggests the idea of the Sun at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 200 BC) Johannes Kepler He suggests three laws of planetary motion and that orbits are ellipses and not circles. (1600 AD) Galileo Made major advances in telescope design. (1594 AD) Ptolemy He suggests the idea of epicycles to suggest how planets move. The Earth is still at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 150 BC) Anaximande r Believed that the earth was flat and was in the center of the universe (500BC) Pythagoru s Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 19. Sir Isaac Newton was an English scientist who is mainly remembered for developing the Universal Theory of Gravity. This theory was able to explain many of Johannes Kepler’s observations and proved his ideas to be accurate. 1643 AD – 1727 AD
- 20. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Nicolas Copernicus Suggests that the sun is at the centre of the Solar System. (1543 AD) Aristotle He suggests that the Earth is at the centre of the solar system. (approx. 340 BC) Aristarchus He suggests the idea of the Sun at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 200 BC) Johannes Kepler He suggests three laws of planetary motion and that orbits are ellipses and not circles. (1600 AD) Galileo Made major advances in telescope design. (1594 AD) Isaac Newton Suggested the idea of planetary gravity. (1700 AD) Ptolemy He suggests the idea of epicycles to suggest how planets move. The Earth is still at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 150 BC) Anaximande r Believed that the earth was flat and was in the center of the universe (500BC) Pythagoru s Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 21. William Herschel was an English scientist who discovered the planet Uranus by accident. It had been seen by many people before but had always been thought to be a star. It is not visible from Earth without the aid of a telescope and this explains why it was not known to ‘ancient’ civilisations. 1643 AD – 1727 AD
- 22. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Nicolas Copernicus Suggests that the sun is at the centre of the Solar System. (1543 AD) Aristotle He suggests that the Earth is at the centre of the solar system. (approx. 340 BC) Aristarchus He suggests the idea of the Sun at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 200 BC) Johannes Kepler He suggests three laws of planetary motion and that orbits are ellipses and not circles. (1600 AD) Galileo Made major advances in telescope design. (1594 AD) Isaac Newton Suggested the idea of planetary gravity. (1700 AD) William Herschel Discovered Uranus (1781 AD) Ptolemy He suggests the idea of epicycles to suggest how planets move. The Earth is still at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 150 BC) Anaximande r Believed that the earth was flat and was in the center of the universe (500BC) Pythagoru s Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 23. Edwin Hubble was the man who changed our view of the Universe. He was the first person to suggest that the universe was expanding. This idea lead to scientists developing the ‘BIG BANG’ theory for the start of the universe. 1889 AD – 1953 AD
- 24. 1000BC 2000AD 0 Nicolas Copernicus Suggests that the sun is at the centre of the Solar System. (1543 AD) Aristotle He suggests that the Earth is at the centre of the solar system. (approx. 340 BC) Aristarchus He suggests the idea of the Sun at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 200 BC) Johannes Kepler He suggests three laws of planetary motion and that orbits are ellipses and not circles. (1600 AD) Galileo Made major advances in telescope design. (1594 AD) Isaac Newton Suggested the idea of planetary gravity. (1700 AD) William Herschel Discovered Uranus (1781 AD) Edwin Hubble Discovered that the universe is expanding. (1929 AD) Ptolemy He suggests the idea of epicycles to suggest how planets move. The Earth is still at the centre of the Solar System. (approx. 150 BC) Anaximande r Believed that the earth was flat and was in the center of the universe (500BC) Pythagoru s Believed the earth was spherical with a central fire in the middle of the universe & a counter earth (600BC)
- 25. • Anaximander’s model (flat earth) • Pythagoras’s model (Fire of the Gods in the middle) • Ptolemy’s model (Geocentric – Earth centred) • Copernicus’ model (Heliocentric – Sun centred) • Kepler’s model (Same as Copernicus except the orbits are elliptical [egg shaped])
- 26. Explicit Vocabulary Students to share their definition of the following words and write the meaning in their books. • Heliocentric:- • Geocentric:- • Elliptical / Ellipse:- • Model:- Are there any other words you would like to share?
- 27. Review •Describe how our knowledge of the solar system has been developed since the Ancient Greeks.