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![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
// Right face
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
// Left Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glEnd()
class GraphicsAppBase
display event_queue ev timeout
timer redraw = true
FPS = 60
SCREEN_W = 800
SCREEN_H = 600
KEY_UP = 1
KEY_DOWN = 2
KEY_LEFT = 3
KEY_RIGHT = 4
Key = [false,false,false,false]
TITLE = "Graphics Application"
func start
SetUp()
loadResources()
eventsLoop()
destroy()
func setup
al_init()
al_init_image_addon()
al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_OPENGL)
display = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H)
al_set_Window_title(display,TITLE)
al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0))
event_queue = al_create_event_queue()
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_display_event_source(display))
ev = al_new_allegro_event()
timeout = al_new_allegro_timeout()
63.2. Many Cubes 661](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-4-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS)
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_timer_event_source(timer))
al_start_timer(timer)
al_install_mouse()
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_mouse_event_source())
al_install_keyboard()
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_keyboard_event_source())
func eventsLoop
while true
al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
al_wait_for_event_until(event_queue, ev, timeout)
switch al_get_allegro_event_type(ev)
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE
exit
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER
redraw = true
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES
mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY
mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP
exit
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN
switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
key[KEY_UP] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
key[KEY_DOWN] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
key[KEY_LEFT] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
key[KEY_RIGHT] = true
off
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP
switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
key[KEY_UP] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
key[KEY_DOWN] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
key[KEY_LEFT] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
key[KEY_RIGHT] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE
exit
off
off
if redraw and al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)
redraw = false
drawScene()
63.2. Many Cubes 662](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-5-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
ratio = w / h
glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(-120,ratio,1,120)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)
glClearDepth(1.0)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL)
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST)
func Cubes oGame
oGame.oGameCube {
aGameMap = oGame.aGameMap
cube( 5 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][1] )
cube( 0 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][2] )
cube( -5 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][3] )
cube( 5 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][1] )
cube( 0 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][2] )
cube( -5 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][3] )
cube( 5 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][1] )
cube( 0 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][2] )
cube( -5 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][3] )
rotate()
}
func MouseClickEvent oGame
oGame {
aBtn = Point2Button(Mouse_X,Mouse_Y)
nRow = aBtn[1]
nCol = aBtn[2]
if nRow != 0 and nCol != 0
if aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = :n
aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = cActivePlayer
ChangeActivePlayer()
CheckGameOver()
ok
ok
}
Class GameLogic from GraphicsAppBase
aGameMap = [
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ]
]
aGameButtons = [ # x1,y1,x2,y2
[176,88,375,261], # [1,1]
[423,88,591,261], # [1,2]
[645,88,876,261], # [1,3]
[176,282,375,428], # [2,1]
63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 665](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-8-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
[423,282,591,428], # [2,2]
[645,282,876,428], # [2,3]
[176,454,375,678], # [3,1]
[423,454,591,678], # [3,2]
[645,454,876,678] # [3,3]
]
cActivePlayer = :x
func point2button x,y
nRow = 0
nCol = 0
for t = 1 to len(aGameButtons)
rect = aGameButtons[t]
if x >= rect[1] and x <= rect[3] and
y >= rect[2] and y <= rect[4]
switch t
on 1 nRow = 1 nCol = 1
on 2 nRow = 1 nCol = 2
on 3 nRow = 1 nCol = 3
on 4 nRow = 2 nCol = 1
on 5 nRow = 2 nCol = 2
on 6 nRow = 2 nCol = 3
on 7 nRow = 3 nCol = 1
on 8 nRow = 3 nCol = 2
on 9 nRow = 3 nCol = 3
off
exit
ok
next
return [nRow,nCol]
func ChangeActivePlayer()
if cActivePlayer = :x
cActivePlayer = :o
else
cActivePlayer = :x
ok
func CheckGameOver
aList = [
aGameMap[1][1],
aGameMap[1][2],
aGameMap[1][3],
aGameMap[2][1],
aGameMap[2][2],
aGameMap[2][3],
aGameMap[3][1],
aGameMap[3][2],
aGameMap[3][3]
]
for item in aList
switch item
on :x item = 1
on :o item = 2
on :n item = 0
off
next
63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 666](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-9-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
nStatus = CheckWinner(aList)
if nStatus
oGameOver {
Switch nStatus
on 1 Player1Win(this)
on 2 Player2Win(this)
on 3 NoOneWin(this)
off
}
refreshGame()
ok
func refreshGame
aGameMap = [
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ]
]
cActivePlayer = :x
func CheckWinner lst
//vertical check
for v=1 to 9 step 3
if lst[v]!=0 and lst[v+1]!=0 and lst[v+2]!=0
if lst[v]=lst[v+1] and lst[v+1]=lst[v+2]
return lst[v]
ok
ok
next
//horzintal
for h=1 to 3
if lst[h]!=0 and lst[h+3]!=0 and lst[h+6]!=0
if lst[h]=lst[h+3] and lst[h+3]=lst[h+6]
return lst[h]
ok
ok
next
//Cross
if lst[1]!=0 and lst[5]!=0 and lst[9]!=0
if lst[1]=lst[5] and lst[5]=lst[9] return lst[1] ok
ok
if lst[3]!=0 and lst[5]!=0 and lst[7]!=0
if lst[3]=lst[5] and lst[5]=lst[7] return lst[3] ok
ok
//tie
tie=true
for i=1 to 9
if lst[i]=0 tie=false exit ok
next
if tie=true return 3 ok return 0
class GameOver
font bitmap
func loadresources
63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 667](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-10-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
// Right face
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
// Left Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glEnd()
class GraphicsAppBase
display event_queue ev timeout
timer redraw = true
FPS = 60
SCREEN_W = 800
SCREEN_H = 600
KEY_UP = 1
KEY_DOWN = 2
KEY_LEFT = 3
KEY_RIGHT = 4
Key = [false,false,false,false]
TITLE = "Graphics Application"
func start
SetUp()
loadResources()
eventsLoop()
destroy()
func setup
al_init()
al_init_image_addon()
al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_OPENGL)
display = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H)
al_set_Window_title(display,TITLE)
al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0))
event_queue = al_create_event_queue()
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_display_event_source(display))
ev = al_new_allegro_event()
timeout = al_new_allegro_timeout()
63.2. Many Cubes 661](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/75/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-4-2048.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS)
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_timer_event_source(timer))
al_start_timer(timer)
al_install_mouse()
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_mouse_event_source())
al_install_keyboard()
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_keyboard_event_source())
func eventsLoop
while true
al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
al_wait_for_event_until(event_queue, ev, timeout)
switch al_get_allegro_event_type(ev)
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE
exit
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER
redraw = true
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES
mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY
mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP
exit
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN
switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
key[KEY_UP] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
key[KEY_DOWN] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
key[KEY_LEFT] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
key[KEY_RIGHT] = true
off
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP
switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
key[KEY_UP] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
key[KEY_DOWN] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
key[KEY_LEFT] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
key[KEY_RIGHT] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE
exit
off
off
if redraw and al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)
redraw = false
drawScene()
63.2. Many Cubes 662](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/75/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-5-2048.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
ratio = w / h
glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(-120,ratio,1,120)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)
glClearDepth(1.0)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL)
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST)
func Cubes oGame
oGame.oGameCube {
aGameMap = oGame.aGameMap
cube( 5 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][1] )
cube( 0 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][2] )
cube( -5 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][3] )
cube( 5 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][1] )
cube( 0 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][2] )
cube( -5 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][3] )
cube( 5 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][1] )
cube( 0 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][2] )
cube( -5 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][3] )
rotate()
}
func MouseClickEvent oGame
oGame {
aBtn = Point2Button(Mouse_X,Mouse_Y)
nRow = aBtn[1]
nCol = aBtn[2]
if nRow != 0 and nCol != 0
if aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = :n
aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = cActivePlayer
ChangeActivePlayer()
CheckGameOver()
ok
ok
}
Class GameLogic from GraphicsAppBase
aGameMap = [
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ]
]
aGameButtons = [ # x1,y1,x2,y2
[176,88,375,261], # [1,1]
[423,88,591,261], # [1,2]
[645,88,876,261], # [1,3]
[176,282,375,428], # [2,1]
63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 665](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/75/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-8-2048.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
[423,282,591,428], # [2,2]
[645,282,876,428], # [2,3]
[176,454,375,678], # [3,1]
[423,454,591,678], # [3,2]
[645,454,876,678] # [3,3]
]
cActivePlayer = :x
func point2button x,y
nRow = 0
nCol = 0
for t = 1 to len(aGameButtons)
rect = aGameButtons[t]
if x >= rect[1] and x <= rect[3] and
y >= rect[2] and y <= rect[4]
switch t
on 1 nRow = 1 nCol = 1
on 2 nRow = 1 nCol = 2
on 3 nRow = 1 nCol = 3
on 4 nRow = 2 nCol = 1
on 5 nRow = 2 nCol = 2
on 6 nRow = 2 nCol = 3
on 7 nRow = 3 nCol = 1
on 8 nRow = 3 nCol = 2
on 9 nRow = 3 nCol = 3
off
exit
ok
next
return [nRow,nCol]
func ChangeActivePlayer()
if cActivePlayer = :x
cActivePlayer = :o
else
cActivePlayer = :x
ok
func CheckGameOver
aList = [
aGameMap[1][1],
aGameMap[1][2],
aGameMap[1][3],
aGameMap[2][1],
aGameMap[2][2],
aGameMap[2][3],
aGameMap[3][1],
aGameMap[3][2],
aGameMap[3][3]
]
for item in aList
switch item
on :x item = 1
on :o item = 2
on :n item = 0
off
next
63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 666](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/75/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-9-2048.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.10
nStatus = CheckWinner(aList)
if nStatus
oGameOver {
Switch nStatus
on 1 Player1Win(this)
on 2 Player2Win(this)
on 3 NoOneWin(this)
off
}
refreshGame()
ok
func refreshGame
aGameMap = [
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ]
]
cActivePlayer = :x
func CheckWinner lst
//vertical check
for v=1 to 9 step 3
if lst[v]!=0 and lst[v+1]!=0 and lst[v+2]!=0
if lst[v]=lst[v+1] and lst[v+1]=lst[v+2]
return lst[v]
ok
ok
next
//horzintal
for h=1 to 3
if lst[h]!=0 and lst[h+3]!=0 and lst[h+6]!=0
if lst[h]=lst[h+3] and lst[h+3]=lst[h+6]
return lst[h]
ok
ok
next
//Cross
if lst[1]!=0 and lst[5]!=0 and lst[9]!=0
if lst[1]=lst[5] and lst[5]=lst[9] return lst[1] ok
ok
if lst[3]!=0 and lst[5]!=0 and lst[7]!=0
if lst[3]=lst[5] and lst[5]=lst[7] return lst[3] ok
ok
//tie
tie=true
for i=1 to 9
if lst[i]=0 tie=false exit ok
next
if tie=true return 3 ok return 0
class GameOver
font bitmap
func loadresources
63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 667](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/691ring-190430143852/75/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-10-book-Part-70-of-212-10-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byMahmoud Samir Fayed
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 70 of 212
This document describes the source code for a 3D tic-tac-toe game written in Ring. It loads necessary libraries, initializes the game, and defines several classes to handle different aspects of the game like the game logic, background, cubes, interface, and checking for a winner. Key aspects include representing the game board as a 3D array, tracking the active player, mapping mouse clicks to board positions, and checking the board array after each turn to detect a win condition.
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The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 70 of 212
- 1. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 destroyResources() al_destroy_timer(timer) al_destroy_allegro_event(ev) al_destroy_allegro_timeout(timeout) al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue) al_destroy_display(display) al_exit() func loadresources func drawScene func destroyResources Screen Shot: 63.2 Many Cubes Source Code: # Load Libraries load "gamelib.ring" # RingAllegro Library load "opengl21lib.ring" # RingOpenGL Library #============================================================== # To Support MacOS X al_run_main() func al_game_start # Called by al_run_main() main() # Now we call our main function #============================================================== func main 63.2. Many Cubes 658
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 new GraphicsApp { start() } class GraphicsApp from GraphicsAppBase TITLE = "Many Cubes" bitmap bitmap2 bitmap3 texture texture2 texture3 fps = 120 xrot = 0.0 yrot = 0.0 zrot = 0.0 nPerspective = 100 func loadresources bitmap = al_load_bitmap("sky1.jpg") texture = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap) bitmap2 = al_load_bitmap("sky2.jpg") texture2 = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap2) bitmap3 = al_load_bitmap("sky3.jpg") texture3 = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap3) func destroyResources al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap) al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap2) al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap3) func drawScene prepare() cubes() rotate() func Prepare w = 800 h = 600 ratio = w / h glViewport(0, 0, w, h) glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() gluPerspective(-nPerspective,ratio,1,nPerspective) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glLoadIdentity() glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D) glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH) glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5) glClearDepth(1.0) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE) glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL) 63.2. Many Cubes 659
- 3. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) func Cubes cube(5,-3.4,-5,:sky1) cube(0,-3,-5,:sky1) cube(-5,-3,-5,:sky1) cube(5,0.5,-5,:sky2) cube(0,0.5,-5,:sky2) cube(-5,0.5,-5,:sky2) cube(5,4,-5,:sky3) cube(0,4,-5,:sky3) cube(-5,4,-5,:sky3) func Rotate xrot += 0.3 * 5 yrot += 0.2 * 5 zrot += 0.4 * 5 nPerspective += 0.5 func cube(x,y,z,nTexture) glLoadIdentity() glTranslatef(x,y,z) glRotatef(xrot,1.0,0.0,0.0) glRotatef(yrot,0.0,1.0,0.0) glRotatef(zrot,0.0,0.0,1.0) drawcube(nTexture) func drawcube(cTexture) switch cTexture on :sky1 glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture) on :sky2 glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2) on :sky3 glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture3) off glBegin(GL_QUADS) // Front Face glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0) glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0) glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0) // Back Face glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0) glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0) // Top Face glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0) glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0) glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0) // Bottom Face 63.2. Many Cubes 660
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0) glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0) // Right face glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0) glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0) // Left Face glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0) glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0) glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0) glEnd() class GraphicsAppBase display event_queue ev timeout timer redraw = true FPS = 60 SCREEN_W = 800 SCREEN_H = 600 KEY_UP = 1 KEY_DOWN = 2 KEY_LEFT = 3 KEY_RIGHT = 4 Key = [false,false,false,false] TITLE = "Graphics Application" func start SetUp() loadResources() eventsLoop() destroy() func setup al_init() al_init_image_addon() al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_OPENGL) display = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H) al_set_Window_title(display,TITLE) al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0)) event_queue = al_create_event_queue() al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_display_event_source(display)) ev = al_new_allegro_event() timeout = al_new_allegro_timeout() 63.2. Many Cubes 661
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06) timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS) al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_timer_event_source(timer)) al_start_timer(timer) al_install_mouse() al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_mouse_event_source()) al_install_keyboard() al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_keyboard_event_source()) func eventsLoop while true al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06) al_wait_for_event_until(event_queue, ev, timeout) switch al_get_allegro_event_type(ev) on ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE exit on ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER redraw = true on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev) mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev) on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev) mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev) on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP exit on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev) on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP key[KEY_UP] = true on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN key[KEY_DOWN] = true on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT key[KEY_LEFT] = true on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT key[KEY_RIGHT] = true off on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev) on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP key[KEY_UP] = false on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN key[KEY_DOWN] = false on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT key[KEY_LEFT] = false on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT key[KEY_RIGHT] = false on ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE exit off off if redraw and al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue) redraw = false drawScene() 63.2. Many Cubes 662
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 al_flip_display() ok callgc() end func destroy destroyResources() al_destroy_timer(timer) al_destroy_allegro_event(ev) al_destroy_allegro_timeout(timeout) al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue) al_destroy_display(display) al_exit() func loadresources func drawScene func destroyResources Screen Shot: 63.2. Many Cubes 663
- 7. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 63.3 TicTacToe 3D Game Source Code: # Load Libraries load "gamelib.ring" # RingAllegro Library load "opengl21lib.ring" # RingOpenGL Library #============================================================== # To Support MacOS X al_run_main() func al_game_start # Called by al_run_main() main() # Now we call our main function #============================================================== func main new TicTacToe3D { start() } class TicTacToe3D from GameLogic FPS = 60 TITLE = "TicTacToe 3D" oBackground = new GameBackground oGameSound = new GameSound oGameCube = new GameCube oGameOver = new GameOver oGameInterface = new GameInterface func loadresources oGameOver.loadresources() oGameSound.loadresources() oBackGround.loadresources() oGameCube.loadresources() func destroyResources oGameOver.destroyResources() oGameSound.destroyResources() oBackGround.destroyResources() oGameCube.destroyResources() func drawScene oBackground.update() oGameInterface.update(self) func MouseClickEvent oGameInterface.MouseClickEvent(self) class GameInterface func Update oGame prepare() cubes(oGame) func Prepare w = 1024 h = 768 63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 664
- 8. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 ratio = w / h glViewport(0, 0, w, h) glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() gluPerspective(-120,ratio,1,120) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glLoadIdentity() glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D) glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH) glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5) glClearDepth(1.0) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE) glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL) glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST) func Cubes oGame oGame.oGameCube { aGameMap = oGame.aGameMap cube( 5 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][1] ) cube( 0 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][2] ) cube( -5 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][3] ) cube( 5 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][1] ) cube( 0 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][2] ) cube( -5 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][3] ) cube( 5 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][1] ) cube( 0 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][2] ) cube( -5 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][3] ) rotate() } func MouseClickEvent oGame oGame { aBtn = Point2Button(Mouse_X,Mouse_Y) nRow = aBtn[1] nCol = aBtn[2] if nRow != 0 and nCol != 0 if aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = :n aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = cActivePlayer ChangeActivePlayer() CheckGameOver() ok ok } Class GameLogic from GraphicsAppBase aGameMap = [ [ :n , :n , :n ] , [ :n , :n , :n ] , [ :n , :n , :n ] ] aGameButtons = [ # x1,y1,x2,y2 [176,88,375,261], # [1,1] [423,88,591,261], # [1,2] [645,88,876,261], # [1,3] [176,282,375,428], # [2,1] 63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 665
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 [423,282,591,428], # [2,2] [645,282,876,428], # [2,3] [176,454,375,678], # [3,1] [423,454,591,678], # [3,2] [645,454,876,678] # [3,3] ] cActivePlayer = :x func point2button x,y nRow = 0 nCol = 0 for t = 1 to len(aGameButtons) rect = aGameButtons[t] if x >= rect[1] and x <= rect[3] and y >= rect[2] and y <= rect[4] switch t on 1 nRow = 1 nCol = 1 on 2 nRow = 1 nCol = 2 on 3 nRow = 1 nCol = 3 on 4 nRow = 2 nCol = 1 on 5 nRow = 2 nCol = 2 on 6 nRow = 2 nCol = 3 on 7 nRow = 3 nCol = 1 on 8 nRow = 3 nCol = 2 on 9 nRow = 3 nCol = 3 off exit ok next return [nRow,nCol] func ChangeActivePlayer() if cActivePlayer = :x cActivePlayer = :o else cActivePlayer = :x ok func CheckGameOver aList = [ aGameMap[1][1], aGameMap[1][2], aGameMap[1][3], aGameMap[2][1], aGameMap[2][2], aGameMap[2][3], aGameMap[3][1], aGameMap[3][2], aGameMap[3][3] ] for item in aList switch item on :x item = 1 on :o item = 2 on :n item = 0 off next 63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 666
- 10. Ring Documentation, Release1.10 nStatus = CheckWinner(aList) if nStatus oGameOver { Switch nStatus on 1 Player1Win(this) on 2 Player2Win(this) on 3 NoOneWin(this) off } refreshGame() ok func refreshGame aGameMap = [ [ :n , :n , :n ] , [ :n , :n , :n ] , [ :n , :n , :n ] ] cActivePlayer = :x func CheckWinner lst //vertical check for v=1 to 9 step 3 if lst[v]!=0 and lst[v+1]!=0 and lst[v+2]!=0 if lst[v]=lst[v+1] and lst[v+1]=lst[v+2] return lst[v] ok ok next //horzintal for h=1 to 3 if lst[h]!=0 and lst[h+3]!=0 and lst[h+6]!=0 if lst[h]=lst[h+3] and lst[h+3]=lst[h+6] return lst[h] ok ok next //Cross if lst[1]!=0 and lst[5]!=0 and lst[9]!=0 if lst[1]=lst[5] and lst[5]=lst[9] return lst[1] ok ok if lst[3]!=0 and lst[5]!=0 and lst[7]!=0 if lst[3]=lst[5] and lst[5]=lst[7] return lst[3] ok ok //tie tie=true for i=1 to 9 if lst[i]=0 tie=false exit ok next if tie=true return 3 ok return 0 class GameOver font bitmap func loadresources 63.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 667