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![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
• object2pointer()
• pointer2object()
Check the next chapters
• System Functions
• Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
• Low Level Functions
8.6 StdLib functions and classes written in Ring
Ring 1.1 comes with a library called StdLib, it’s written in Ring by the help of Ring Team
The library provide a useful group of new functions and classes
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Times()")
Times ( 3 , func { see "Hello, World!" + nl } )
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Map()")
See Map( 1:10, func x { return x*x } )
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Filter()")
See Filter( 1:10 , func x { if x <= 5 return true else return false ok } )
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
See "Testing the String Class" + nl
oString = new string("Hello, World!")
oString.println()
oString.upper().println()
oString.lower().println()
oString.left(5).println()
oString.right(6).println()
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
oList = new list ( [1,2,3] )
oList.Add(4)
oList.print()
Example:
8.6. StdLib functions and classes written in Ring 115](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/141ringfayedringdoc1-180426033350/75/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-4-book-Part-15-of-185-1-2048.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
Load "stdlib.ring"
oStack = new Stack
oStack.push(1)
oStack.push(2)
oStack.push(3)
see oStack.pop() + nl
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
oQueue = new Queue
oQueue.add(1)
oQueue.add(2)
oQueue.add(3)
see oQueue.remove() + nl
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
ohashtable = new hashtable
See "Test the hashtable Class Methods" + nl
ohashtable {
Add("Egypt","Cairo")
Add("KSA","Riyadh")
see self["Egypt"] + nl
see self["KSA"] + nl
see contains("Egypt") + nl
see contains("USA") + nl
see index("KSA") + NL
print()
delete(index("KSA"))
see copy("*",60) + nl
print()
}
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
otree = new tree
See "Test the tree Class Methods" + nl
otree {
set("The first step") # set the root node value
see value() + nl
Add("one")
Add("two")
Add("three") {
Add("3.1")
Add("3.2")
Add("3.3")
see children
}
see children
oTree.children[2] {
Add("2.1") Add("2.2") Add("2.3") {
Add("2.3.1") Add("2.3.2") Add("test")
8.6. StdLib functions and classes written in Ring 116](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/141ringfayedringdoc1-180426033350/75/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-4-book-Part-15-of-185-2-2048.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
}
}
oTree.children[2].children[3].children[3].set("2.3.3")
}
see copy("*",60) + nl
oTree.print()
Check the next chapters:
• StdLib Functions
• StdLib Classes
8.7 RingLibSDL
Ring 1.0 provided RingAllegro to be able to create games using the Allegro game programming library
Now Ring 1.1 provide RingLibSDL also so we can have the choice between Allegro or LibSDL
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING)
win = SDL_CreateWindow("Hello World!", 100, 100, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN)
SDL_Delay(2000)
SDL_DestroyWindow(win)
SDL_Quit()
See the RingLibSDL Chapter.
8.8 Demo Project - Game Engine for 2D Games
In practice we would create a game engine in a language like C/C++ to get the best performance then provide Ring
classes to use the engine.
But many 2D Games are simple and creating a game engine in Ring will be fast enough in many cases
Also this would be a good demo project to learn about the language concepts where we build things using Object Ori-
ented Programming (OOP) then access the power that we have using declarative programming using nested structures
or using natural programming.
In this project we selected the first way (declarative programming using nested structures)
Example:
Load "gameengine.ring" # Give Control to the Game Engine
func main # Called by the Game Engine
oGame = New Game # Create the Game Object
{
title = "My First Game"
text {
x = 10 y=50
animate = false
size = 20
8.7. RingLibSDL 117](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/141ringfayedringdoc1-180426033350/75/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-4-book-Part-15-of-185-3-2048.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
for x in aResult
for t in x
see t[2] + nl
next
next
see copy("*",50) + nl
for x in aResult
see x["name"] + nl
next
sqlite_close(oSQLite)
8.10 Better Code Generator for Extensions
We are using the code generator (written in Ring) every day to add new libraries to Ring.
The generator is used to create RingQt and RingAllegro
Also in Ring 1.1 it’s used to create RingLibSDL.
more features are added like
• Set/Get structure members (numbers & pointers)
• Using constants
• Better Generated Code
See the Code Generator chapter.
8.11 Using Self.Attribute in the Class Region to define new attributes
We can use Self.Attribute in the Class Region (after the class name and before any methods) to define new attributes.
class Person
name # Define name as attribute if it's not a global variable
address
phone
class person2
self.name # Must Define the attribute
self.address
self.phone
8.12 Using This.Attribute in nested Braces inside the Class Methods
We can use nested braces {} while we are inside methods to access another objects, In this case the current object
scope will be changed while we are inside the brace and Self will point to the object that we access using braces {}. In
this case we can use This.Attribute and This.Method() to access the object that will be created from the current class.
Check the Object Oriented Programming chapter for more information.
Also Check the Weight History Application in GUI Development using RingQt chapter.
8.10. Better Code Generator for Extensions 119](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/141ringfayedringdoc1-180426033350/75/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-4-book-Part-15-of-185-5-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byMahmoud Samir Fayed
The Ring programming language version 1.5.4 book - Part 15 of 185
1. Clone the Ring source code repository from GitHub. 2. Run build scripts to compile the Ring compiler/VM and extensions like RingODBC, RingMySQL, etc. 3. Generate and build code for extensions that interface with external libraries like RingQt and RingAllegro. 4. Add the Ring bin directory to the system PATH so Ring can be run from any location. 5. Run a sample Ring application like the Ring Notepad to test the build.
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The Ring programming language version 1.5.4 book - Part 15 of 185
- 1. Ring Documentation, Release1.5.4 • object2pointer() • pointer2object() Check the next chapters • System Functions • Object Oriented Programming (OOP) • Low Level Functions 8.6 StdLib functions and classes written in Ring Ring 1.1 comes with a library called StdLib, it’s written in Ring by the help of Ring Team The library provide a useful group of new functions and classes Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Times()") Times ( 3 , func { see "Hello, World!" + nl } ) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Map()") See Map( 1:10, func x { return x*x } ) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Filter()") See Filter( 1:10 , func x { if x <= 5 return true else return false ok } ) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" See "Testing the String Class" + nl oString = new string("Hello, World!") oString.println() oString.upper().println() oString.lower().println() oString.left(5).println() oString.right(6).println() Example: Load "stdlib.ring" oList = new list ( [1,2,3] ) oList.Add(4) oList.print() Example: 8.6. StdLib functions and classes written in Ring 115
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release1.5.4 Load "stdlib.ring" oStack = new Stack oStack.push(1) oStack.push(2) oStack.push(3) see oStack.pop() + nl Example: Load "stdlib.ring" oQueue = new Queue oQueue.add(1) oQueue.add(2) oQueue.add(3) see oQueue.remove() + nl Example: Load "stdlib.ring" ohashtable = new hashtable See "Test the hashtable Class Methods" + nl ohashtable { Add("Egypt","Cairo") Add("KSA","Riyadh") see self["Egypt"] + nl see self["KSA"] + nl see contains("Egypt") + nl see contains("USA") + nl see index("KSA") + NL print() delete(index("KSA")) see copy("*",60) + nl print() } Example: Load "stdlib.ring" otree = new tree See "Test the tree Class Methods" + nl otree { set("The first step") # set the root node value see value() + nl Add("one") Add("two") Add("three") { Add("3.1") Add("3.2") Add("3.3") see children } see children oTree.children[2] { Add("2.1") Add("2.2") Add("2.3") { Add("2.3.1") Add("2.3.2") Add("test") 8.6. StdLib functions and classes written in Ring 116
- 3. Ring Documentation, Release1.5.4 } } oTree.children[2].children[3].children[3].set("2.3.3") } see copy("*",60) + nl oTree.print() Check the next chapters: • StdLib Functions • StdLib Classes 8.7 RingLibSDL Ring 1.0 provided RingAllegro to be able to create games using the Allegro game programming library Now Ring 1.1 provide RingLibSDL also so we can have the choice between Allegro or LibSDL Example: Load "libsdl.ring" SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) win = SDL_CreateWindow("Hello World!", 100, 100, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN) SDL_Delay(2000) SDL_DestroyWindow(win) SDL_Quit() See the RingLibSDL Chapter. 8.8 Demo Project - Game Engine for 2D Games In practice we would create a game engine in a language like C/C++ to get the best performance then provide Ring classes to use the engine. But many 2D Games are simple and creating a game engine in Ring will be fast enough in many cases Also this would be a good demo project to learn about the language concepts where we build things using Object Ori- ented Programming (OOP) then access the power that we have using declarative programming using nested structures or using natural programming. In this project we selected the first way (declarative programming using nested structures) Example: Load "gameengine.ring" # Give Control to the Game Engine func main # Called by the Game Engine oGame = New Game # Create the Game Object { title = "My First Game" text { x = 10 y=50 animate = false size = 20 8.7. RingLibSDL 117
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release1.5.4 file = "fonts/pirulen.ttf" text = "game development using ring is very fun!" color = rgb(0,0,0) # Color = black } text { x = 10 y=150 # Animation Part ====================================== animate = true # Use Animation direction = GE_DIRECTION_INCVERTICAL # Increase y point = 400 # Continue until y=400 nStep = 3 # Each time y+= 3 #====================================================== size = 20 file = "fonts/pirulen.ttf" text = "welcome to the real world!" color = rgb(0,0,255) # Color = Blue } Sound { # Play Sound file = "sound/music1.wav" # Sound File Name } } # Start the Events Loop See the “Demo Project - Game Engine for 2D Games” chapter. 8.9 RingSQLite Ring 1.0 provided support for ODBC to use any database and provided native support for MySQL. Now Ring 1.1 provide native support for SQLite database too. Example: oSQLite = sqlite_init() sqlite_open(oSQLite,"mytest.db") sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY(" + "ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," + "NAME TEXT NOT NULL," + "AGE INT NOT NULL," + "ADDRESS CHAR(50)," + "SALARY REAL );" sqlite_execute(oSQLite,sql) sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " + "VALUES (1, 'Mahmoud', 29, 'Jeddah', 20000.00 ); " + "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " + "VALUES (2, 'Ahmed', 27, 'Jeddah', 15000.00 ); " + "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" + "VALUES (3, 'Mohammed', 31, 'Egypt', 20000.00 );" + "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" + "VALUES (4, 'Ibrahim', 24, 'Egypt ', 65000.00 );" sqlite_execute(oSQLite,sql) aResult = sqlite_execute(oSQLite,"select * from COMPANY") 8.9. RingSQLite 118
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release1.5.4 for x in aResult for t in x see t[2] + nl next next see copy("*",50) + nl for x in aResult see x["name"] + nl next sqlite_close(oSQLite) 8.10 Better Code Generator for Extensions We are using the code generator (written in Ring) every day to add new libraries to Ring. The generator is used to create RingQt and RingAllegro Also in Ring 1.1 it’s used to create RingLibSDL. more features are added like • Set/Get structure members (numbers & pointers) • Using constants • Better Generated Code See the Code Generator chapter. 8.11 Using Self.Attribute in the Class Region to define new attributes We can use Self.Attribute in the Class Region (after the class name and before any methods) to define new attributes. class Person name # Define name as attribute if it's not a global variable address phone class person2 self.name # Must Define the attribute self.address self.phone 8.12 Using This.Attribute in nested Braces inside the Class Methods We can use nested braces {} while we are inside methods to access another objects, In this case the current object scope will be changed while we are inside the brace and Self will point to the object that we access using braces {}. In this case we can use This.Attribute and This.Method() to access the object that will be created from the current class. Check the Object Oriented Programming chapter for more information. Also Check the Weight History Application in GUI Development using RingQt chapter. 8.10. Better Code Generator for Extensions 119
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release1.5.4 8.13 Better Documentation Ring 1.1 documentation (800 pages) is better than Ring 1.0 documentation (340 pages) Many chapters are added for providing better information about the language like • Language Reference • Scope Rules • FAQ And more! 8.13. Better Documentation 120
- 7. CHAPTER NINE BUILDING FROM SOURCECODE The Ring programming language is a free open source product (MIT License). You can build Ring using CMake or using Scripts (Batch Files or Shell Scripts). The next steps explains building using scripts. 9.1 Building using Microsoft Windows Get the source code git clone http://github.com/ring-lang/ring.git Build Ring (Compiler/VM) cd ring/src buildvc.bat buildvcw.bat Build RingODBC cd ../extensions/ringodbc buildvc.bat Build RingMySQL cd ../extensions/ringmysql buildvc.bat Build RingSQLite cd ../extensions/ringsqlite buildvc.bat Build RingOpenSSL cd ../extensions/ringopenssl buildvc.bat Build RingInternet cd ../extensions/ringinternet buildvc.bat Generate RingAllegro Source Code and Build 121
- 8. Ring Documentation, Release1.5.4 cd ../extensions/ringallegro gencode.bat buildvc.bat Generate RingLibCurl Source Code and Build cd ../extensions/ringcurl gencode.bat buildvc.bat Generate RingZip Source Code and Build cd ../extensions/ringzip gencode.bat buildvc.bat Generate RingFreeGLUT Source Code and Build cd ../extensions/ringfreeglut gencode.bat buildvc.bat Generate RingOpenGL Source Code and Build The ringopengl folder contains many sub folders for different OpenGL versions Starting from OpenGL 1.1 to OpenGL 4.6 cd ../extensions/ringopengl/opengl21 gencode.bat buildvc.bat Install Qt 5.5 : https://download.qt.io/archive/qt/5.5/5.5.1/ Generate RingQt Source Code and Build cd ../extensions/ringqt gencode.bat buildmingw32.bat To be able to call ring from any folder cd ../../bin install.bat Add Ring/bin to System path Hit "windows key". Type "Edit the System environment variables" Select "Advanced" tab. Click on "Enviroment Variables..." Double click on "Path" Add at the end the new path separated by semicolon. ;C:RingBin Run Ring Notepad cd applications/rnote ring rnote.ring 9.1. Building using Microsoft Windows 122
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release1.5.4 9.2 Building using Ubuntu Linux Get the source code git clone http://github.com/ring-lang/ring.git Install Libraries cd ring/src ./installdep.sh Build Ring (Compiler/VM) sudo ./buildgcc.sh Build RingODBC cd ../extensions/ringodbc ./buildgcc.sh Build RingMySQL cd ../extensions/ringmysql ./buildgcc.sh Build RingSQLite cd ../extensions/ringsqlite ./buildgcc.sh Build RingOpenSSL cd ../extensions/ringopenssl ./buildgcc.sh Build RingInternet cd ../extensions/ringinternet ./buildgcc.sh Generate RingAllegro Source Code and Build cd ../extensions/ringallegro ./gencode.sh ./buildgcc.sh Generate RingLibCurl Source Code and Build cd ../extensions/ringcurl ./gencode.sh ./buildgcc.sh Generate RingZip Source Code and Build cd ../extensions/ringzip ./gencode.sh ./buildgcc.sh Generate RingFreeGLUT Source Code and Build 9.2. Building using Ubuntu Linux 123
- 10. Ring Documentation, Release1.5.4 cd ../extensions/ringfreeglut ./gencode.sh ./buildgcc.sh Generate RingOpenGL Source Code and Build The ringopengl folder contains many sub folders for different OpenGL versions Starting from OpenGL 1.1 to OpenGL 4.6 cd ../extensions/ringopengl/opengl21 gencode.sh buildgcc.sh Generate RingQt Source Code and Build cd ../extensions/ringqt ./gencode.sh ./buildgcc.sh To be able to call ring from any folder cd ../../bin sudo ./install.sh Run Ring Notepad cd applications/rnote ring rnote.ring 9.3 Building using Fedora Linux Get the source code git clone http://github.com/ring-lang/ring.git Install Libraries cd ring/src ./installdepfedora.sh Build Ring (Compiler/VM) sudo ./buildgcc.sh Build RingODBC cd ../extensions/ringodbc ./buildgcc.sh Build RingMySQL cd ../extensions/ringmysql ./buildgccfedora.sh Build RingSQLite cd ../extensions/ringsqlite ./buildgcc.sh 9.3. Building using Fedora Linux 124