THEORY maed.docx
- 1. THEORY THEORIST MEANING IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION IMPLICATION TO HUMAN Multiple Intelligences Theory Howard Gardner): Gardner's theory proposes that individuals possess various types of intelligences, including linguistic, logical- mathematical, spatial, bodily- kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence. Educators should recognize that students have different strengths and weaknesses in these various intelligences. To effectively reach all students, teachers should use a variety of instructional approaches that cater to these different intelligences. Ecological Systems Theory Urie Bronfenbrenner) Provides a framework for understanding how individuals are influenced by their immediate and broader environments. highlights the importance of considering a student's entire ecosystem, fostering family and community engagement, and tailoring educational approaches to individual needs and cultural contexts. This theory emphasizes the influence of various environmental systems, such as family, community, and culture, on a person's development and learning. Zone of Proximal Development Vygotsky) Vygotsky's theory suggests that learning occurs most effectively in the "zone" where a learner can accomplish tasks with guidance or assistance from a more knowledgeable person. This theory focuses on the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with the guidance and support of a more knowledgeable person, such as a teacher or peer. Experiential Learning (Kolb Experiential learning theory emphasizes learning through concrete experiences, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. It encourages students to actively engage with the material, make connections between theory and practice, and reflect on their experiences to deepen their understanding. Sociocultural Theory Vygotsky): This theory underscores the importance of cultural and social context in learning, emphasizing that learning is a collaborative and culturally mediated process. theory underscores the importance of social interaction in learning. Collaborative learning activities, peer tutoring, and group discussions can be valuable tools for promoting learning, as they provide opportunities for students to interact, share knowledge, and co- construct understanding.
- 2. THEORY THEORIST MEANING IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION IMPLICATION TO HUMAN Behaviorism B.F. Skinner Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and the idea that learning is the result of stimulus-response associations. It emphasizes rewards and punishments in shaping behavior. theory that focuses on observable behaviors and how they can be influenced and changed through environmental stimuli and reinforcement. Cognitive Development Theory Jean Piaget Piaget's theory suggests that children go through stages of cognitive development and that learning is an active process of constructing knowledge through interaction with the environment. Piaget's theory emphasizes that individuals go through distinct stages of cognitive development, such as the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages. Educators can use this knowledge to tailor their teaching methods and materials to match the cognitive abilities and developmental stage of their students. Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura Bandura's theory emphasizes the role of observational learning and social influence. It suggests that individuals learn by observing and imitating the behaviors of others. This theory suggests that individuals learn not only from their own experiences but also by observing and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Constructivism Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget Constructivism posits that learners actively build their own understanding of the world through experiences and interactions. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of social interactions in learning. Constructivism emphasizes active participation in the learning process. In the classroom, this means students should be engaged in activities that require them to think critically, problem-solve, and apply their knowledge rather than passively receiving information. Connectivism George Siemens and Stephen Downes Connectivism is a theory that focuses on the use of technology and networks to facilitate learning, emphasizing the importance of making connections and accessing information. Connectivism shifts the focus from memorizing facts and content to understanding how to access, evaluate, and utilize information within a networked context. Educators should teach students how to create and maintain connections and how to critically evaluate the information they encounter.