Trends in Solid Waste Management

Capacity Development Program in
Environment Management (CDEM)
Module 4: Integrated Solid Waste
Management
10th February 2017
K.J.Somaiya College, Mumbai
Trends in Solid Waste Management

Asha Panwar
PhD student, IIT Bombay
Environment Engineering and Management
Worked with Eco-restoration Division at NEERI, Nagpur
DoctoralThesis
“Life CycleThinking forWaste-to Resource Management in India”
2

Trends
 Circular Economy
 Life CycleThinking
 ZeroWaste City
 Inclusion of Informal WasteWorkers
 Participation of Private Sector
 Participation of Community
 Innovative Economic Instruments
3

Resource Decoupling
 Resource Productivity
 Kg/ton per increment in GDP
 Material Flow Accounting
 Total Material Requirement (TMR): Imports + Domestic Extraction
 Domestic Material Consumption (DMC)
 Secondary Materials
 Recycling Rates (%)
5
Reference: Eurostat, Department of Environment Japan

Emission Decoupling
 Air Emissions
 GHG, Ozone Depleting Substances, PM
 Solid and Liquid Waste
 Chemical Release
 Fertilizers, Pesticides,…..
 Land Degradation
6
Reference: UN Statistics Division

Circular Economy
 Conceptual Guidance
 Economy-wide at National Level
 Cross-sectoral
 Policy
 Institutions
 Technology
 Finances
7

Circular Economy Promotion Law China
 wef Year 2009
 Resource Efficiency, Environment Protection and Improvement
 Reduction, Reuse, Recycling in Production, Circulation, Consumption
 Department for Circular Economy Development
 State Council
 County Level
 Linkages with Environment Protection Department and others
8

Circular Economy Law in China
 Inclusion of development of CE in National Economic and Social
Development Plans, Public Finance Department,…
 CE evaluation indicator system, CE Statistics
 Product category subjected to compulsory recycling, Producers
Responsibility, Eco-labels, Standards for Secondary Materials, ……
 Catalogue of encouraged, restricted and eliminated techniques,
equipment, materials and products,………..
 WasteTrading Markets, Sorting-Dismantling Centers, Incentives,……… 9

Indian Resource Panel
 wef Year 2015,
 Housed in MoEFCC
 Advisory to Government of India
 Engagement with local businesses, civil society, national and international
organizations
 Construction Sector and Automobile Sector
10
Reference: GIZ

ZeroWaste City
 Zero Disposal
 Zero Bin
 Recycle: Residence Time of Waste
 Zero Waste Industry, Zero Waste Community
12
Reference: ZeroWaste Associations,Ahmedabad ZeroWasteVision + Roadmap

BiomassTowns in Japan
 Supported by Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries
 Biomass utilization for compost, fuel, energy,…
 Replication in East Asian Countries
 Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia,……
13
Reference: ZeroWaste Associations,Ahmedabad ZeroWasteVision + Roadmap

Life CycleThinking
 Challenges selection of system boundaries based on techno-economic
criteria
 Boundaries that corresponds to Social and Environmental Impacts
 Shifting of Burdens
 Life Cycle Assessment
 Design for Environment, Ecolables, Product Declarations,….
 Waste Hierarchy
15

Life CycleThinking
 Key criteria
 SCP and CE
 Zero Waste and 3R
 European Waste Directive
 Software, Decision Support System
16Reference: Life Cycle Initiative, J-LCA

Innovative Economic Instruments
17

Market based Instruments
 Waste Levy
 Deposit Refund
 Taxes
 Subsidies
 Tradable Permits
 Municipal Bonds, ………
18

Market based Instruments
 Waste Levy
 Deposit Refund
 Taxes
 Subsidies
 Green Bonds
 IFIs, Carbon Emission Trading, ………
19

Deposit Refund Scheme in Korea
 Glass bottles used for beer, soft drinks
 Refillable
 Consumer pays additional 2c-26c depending on the size of container
 Refunds at the time of giving back the container to designated
collection stations
 5.5 billion bottles sold annually, 95% recovered, 85% reused
20

Tax Exemptions in Malaysia
 Waste Eco Parks
 Income tax exemption of 70% on statutory income
 Rental of buildings located in WEP
 100% exemption on income for 5-year
 Operating in WEP
21

Inclusion of Informal Sector
22

PRISM Project Nepal
 Project Duration June 11-May14
 Budget: 1.64 Million USD (by EU’s Investing in People Program)
 CIUD, SWMRMC, NRRGEA (Nepal) + UN-Habitat
 4000 IWWs (35% women) in 5 Municipalities
 Training on Value Addition, Basic PPEs, Social Protection Schemes
 Formal recognition of 2000 IWWs by Municipalities
23
Reference: Chintan, SMS, GIZ Study

Private Sector Participation
24

Promoting Entrepreneurship
 Government of Rajasthan Waste Management Startup Policy
 Support in ideation, pilot and execution stages
 ADB + Idea Space: Startup Café in Philippines
 5 day event
 Exhibits, panel debates, tech talks, workshops
 Investors , policy makers, researchers
 ABD- $6billion annual climate financing target
25

Advance Locality Management Mumbai
 Voluntary Citizen Committees registered with ward office
 Partners with MCGM
 Committee (~658)
 Create Awareness
 Prevent Public Nuisance
 Organize Waste Pickers
 Processing of Dry Waste
27

Advance Locality Management Mumbai
 MCGM
 Regular Meetings and Consultations
 Provide technical know-how on waste processing
 Incentives and Awards
 Acknowledged by WB, UNEP,….
28

Trends in Solid Waste Management

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