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n 2008,the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative listed “expanded
cyber education” as one of its key recommendations. In 2009, the Partnership
for Public Service produced a report stating that the current pipeline of cyber-
security workers into the government was inadequate.1
In the same year,Secretary of
Defense Robert Gates stated that the military was “desperately short of people who
have the capabilities [to operate in cyberspace].”2
And in 2011, the Inspector Gen-
eral of the Federal Bureau of Investigation reported that 35 percent of the special
agents investigating national security cyber-intrusion cases lacked necessary training
Preparing the Pipeline:
The U.S. Cyber Workforce
for the Future
by David J. Kay,Terry J. Pudas, and Brett Young
DEFENSE HORIZONS
National Defense University
LSECURITYPOLICY
About the Authors
David J. Kay is a Research Analyst
in the Center for Technology and
National Security Policy (CTNSP), In-
stitute for National Strategic Studies,
at the National Defense University.
Terry J. Pudas is a Senior Research
Fellow in CTNSP. Brett Young was a
Research Assistant in CTNSP.
Key Points
There is widespread agreement in
the public and private sectors that
U.S. educational institutions are un-
able to meet the growing demand
for cyber workforce professionals.
It is difficult to measure the true
size and requirements for the cyber
workforce due to the lack of com-
August 2012
There is widespread agreement in
the public and private sectors that
U.S. educational institutions are un-
able to meet the growing demand
for cyber workforce professionals.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/twc2012copy2-140327174456-phpapp02/75/Twc-2012-copy-2-86-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byJim "Brodie" Brazell
Twc 2012 copy 2
The document discusses the role of education, workforce development, and economic collaboration in U.S. competitiveness. It notes that in the past, such as in the late 19th century, commissions recognized the need for education systems to meet the demands of industrial and technological changes. Today, technologies like cyber-physical systems that integrate computing and physical processes are transforming work. Skilled roles at the intersection of multiple fields, like mechanics and IT, are emerging. Education and training programs must adapt to cultivate workers with specialized and systems-level skills needed for innovation in emerging fields.
More Related Content
Twc 2012 copy 2
- 1. Super Systems: TheRole of Education, Workforce and Economic Development Collaboration in U.S. Competitiveness Texas Workforce Commission, Dallas, TX, November 28, 2012 JIM BRAZELL [email protected]
- 2. General Bernard Schriever Feb. 19,1957 Inaugural Air Force Office of Scientific Research Astronautics Symposium in San Diego. Commander of Western Development Division Headquarters Charles Wilson
- 4.
- 6. May 25, 2008 PhoenixMars Probe
- 7. Export to PDFExportto PDF Exporting… Export to PDFExport to PDF Exporting… Export to PDFExport to PDF Exporting… Export to PDFExport to PDF Exporting… Export to PDFExport to PDF Exporting… Export to PDFExport to PDF Exporting… ROBOTS
- 8. Transformation of Technology Globalizationof Economy Demographic Change
- 9. SURVIVAL OF SPECIES SECURITY/ SAFETY QUALITY OF LIFE WEALTH JOBS Cultivating innovation and innovators. Whatis the role of education, workforce, and economic development in U.S. competitiveness?
- 10. Massachusetts Governor WilliamDouglas appointed a Commission on Industrial and Technical Education that later became known as the Douglas Commission. The Commission reported: 1. There was a widespread interest in the subject of industrial education. 2. The lack of skilled workmen was not chiefly a want of manual dexterity but a want of what what may be called industrial intelligence. 3. There was a growing feeling of inadequacy of the existing public school system to fully meet the needs of modern industrial and social conditions. The schools were too exclusively literary in their spirit, scope, and methods. 4. To the question of who should bear the expense of technical education, the common answer was the state.
- 11. On June 7,1905, Massachusetts Governor William Douglas appointed a Commission on Industrial and Technical Education that later became known as the Douglas Commission. The Commission reported: 1. There was a widespread interest in the subject of industrial education. 2. The lack of skilled workmen was not chiefly a want of manual dexterity but a want of what what may be called industrial intelligence. 3. There was a growing feeling of inadequacy of the existing public school system to fully meet the needs of modern industrial and social conditions. The schools were too exclusively literary in their spirit, scope, and methods. 4. To the question of who should bear the expense of technical education, the common answer was the state. (Barlow, 2001 Years of Education 1776-1976, Feb. 1976) Vocational Education, 1826-1917
- 12. Common Core StateStandards & Career and Technical Education: Bridging the Divide between College and Career Readiness was prepared for Achieve by Hans Meeder and Thom Suddreth of the Meeder Consulting Group, with the Association for Career and Technical Education and the National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium. “...all too often, the focus on “college readiness” and “career readiness” remains in two distinct silos...”
- 13. Health Arts CTE Academics Classical Contemporary Education How do wecultivate innovation and innovators?
- 14. SURVIVAL OF SPECIES SECURITY/ SAFETY QUALITY OF LIFE WEALTH JOBS You, championing next generation CTE! Whatis the role of education, workforce, and economic development in U.S. competitiveness?
- 15. Nanotechnology Fuel CellsHomeland Security ADM, Hybrid, MEMS, Computer Forensics Wireless: M2M Mechatronics Home Technology IntegrationBiotechnology Digital Games Forecasting.tstc.edu
- 16. Understanding the structure oftechnology Defining STEM in the context of workforce and economic development Education pathways to innovation
- 17. What do you thinkof when I say?
- 18.
- 19.
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- 21.
- 26.
- 27. The Day theEarth Stood Still - Gort
- 28. We need to thinkbeyond these. v v
- 29. Robots are now fundamentalto how we live, work, and play in the 21st century.
- 31. Export to PDFExportto PDF Exporting… Export to PDFExport to PDF Exporting… http://img9.joyreactor.com/pics/post/gif-cats-iRobot-vacuum-cleaner-278519.gif
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- 41. A Pacemaker the Sizeof a Tic Tac - Medtronic is using microelectronics to make a pacemaker so small it can be injected. Technology Review http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/32436/? nlid=4177
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- 44. What are the implicationsfor work?
- 45. What are the implicationsfor work? http://www.calcars.org/photos.html The increasing footprint of automation in cars, trains, planes, and heavy equipment has necessitated a shift from mechanic to “technician.”
- 46. Software Motors Computers Electronics Cyber physical systemsutilize information technology (computers, software, and networks, “cyber”) to direct the communication and control of physical processes and systems (or vice versa). The structure of technology is evolving from informational to cyber physical.
- 47. “Superior is aboutprecision... high quality and high tolerance... Tolerances are within thousandths of an inch.” --Randy DeBolt, Co-founder, Superior Extrusion
- 48. “Superior’s processes areall automated. Technicians work at the intersection of mechanical, computer, and electrical processes.” -- Randy DeBolt, Co-founder, Superior Extrusion
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- 50. “Digital control systemsrequire people who have theory and skill... Most new employees have associates or university degrees.” --Troy Sarles, Administrator for Employee Relations, HR, Cliffs Natural Resources
- 51. “We never physically touchproduct... We support safety, people, process and machines...” --Troy Sarles, Administrator for Employee Relations, HR, Cliffs Natural Resources
- 52. Butler Community College April7 to 11, 2008Spirit AeroSystems
- 53. Butler Community College April7 to 11, 2008 D-J Engineering Engineering Design $50K - $180K Machinists & Sheet Metal $22K - $42K --Razaul A. Chowdhury, President
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- 55. “In most industriesyou have electricians, mechanics and IT, in wind, you are expected to do everything.” -- Bryan Gregory, Jr. 11.1.2006, TSTC West TX, Sweetwater
- 56. NMU Electrical LineTechnician
- 57. Frontier El Dorado RefiningCompany Butler Community College April 7 to 11, 2008
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- 59. The technicians whowork at the intersection of cyber and physical systems and processes are referred to as “multi-craft technicians,” “multi-skill technicians,” “integrated systems technicians,” “mechatronics technicians,” “engineering technicians,” “instrumentation and control systems technicians,” “process control technicians,” and “Science and Technology R&D technicians” among other names.
- 60. Software Motors Computers Electronics Cyber physical systemsextend computer control into the realms of biology and chemistry. Bio Chemistry Neuro Physics Cyber Physical Systems
- 61. Butler Community College April7 to 11, 2008
- 62. 4.16.2007, TSTC Waco “….wehad to upgrade our basic mechanic skills to include programmable logic controllers and electrical systems.”--Dr. Ron Lentsch, Allergan
- 63. “In 2006, demandwas off the charts. Every graduate had a job 6 months before graduation. Chemical Technology Graduates typically start at $35K and it is not uncommon for them to make $60K-to-$70K per year.” –Robert Hernandez, TSTC
- 64. National Center forAgricultural Utilization Research
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- 68. The role ofworkforce, education, and economic development collaboration in U.S. competitiveness is to enable innovation. Similar to space in 1957, cyberspace is now the the platform and engine of education, workforce, and economic innovation, while simultaneously representing an emerging domain of warfare, terrorism, and crime. The integration of computers, networks, software, and machines (cyber physical systems) has given birth to a new generation of work, education, and economic development.
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- 70. Morrill Act, July2, 1862 Practical Arts Liberal Arts S&T Motivates New Ed “...promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes.” (Barlow, 2001 Years of Education 1776-1976, Feb. 1976)
- 71. Hail the skillful cunninghand! Hail to the cultural mind! Contending for the world’s command, Here let them be combined. (Barlow, 2001 Years of Education 1776-1976, Feb. 1976) St. Louis Manual Training School, 1880 Steam-driven threshing machine near Hallock, Minnesota. Photo from 1882, scanned from H. Arnold Barton, A Folk Divided: Homeland Swedes and Swedish Americans, 1840—1940, Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1994. Held by Nordiska Museet, Stockholm. Public domain by reason of age in Wikipedia.
- 72. Understanding the structure oftechnology Defining STEM in the context of workforce and economic development Education pathways to innovation
- 73. What do you thinkof when I say?
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- 75. STEM JOBS Audience Survey Whatpercentage of jobs in the U.S. in 2010 are classified as STEM jobs by the U.S. Department of Commerce?
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- 80. 5.5% STEM JOBS 5.5%of U.S. Workforce, 7.6MM STEM Jobs in 2010 David Langdon, George McKittrick, David Beede, Beethika Khan, and Mark Doms, “STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future.” US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration last accessed online October 28, 2012 http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/reports/documents/stemfinalyjuly14_1.pdf
- 81. David Beede, TiffanyJulian, David Langdon, George McKittrick, Beethika Khan, and Mark Doms, Office of the Chief Economist, “Women in STEM: A Gender Gap to Innovation.” US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration last accessed online October 28, 2012 http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/reports/documents/ womeninstemagaptoinnovation8311.pdf
- 83. David Beede, TiffanyJulian, David Langdon, George McKittrick, Beethika Khan, and Mark Doms, Office of the Chief Economist, “Women in STEM: A Gender Gap to Innovation.” US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration last accessed online October 28, 2012 http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/reports/documents/ womeninstemagaptoinnovation8311.pdf
- 84. ½ of STEMJobs are Network and Information Tech David Langdon, George McKittrick, David Beede, Beethika Khan, and Mark Doms, “STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future.” US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration last accessed online October 28, 2012 http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/reports/documents/stemfinalyjuly14_1.pdf 5.5% STEM JOBS
- 85. There are between3.8 (DOL) and 5.8 (OECD) million people in the US employed in NIT. Computer and mathematical occupations are projected to add 785,700 new jobs from 2008 to 2018. As a group, these jobs are forecast to grow more than twice as fast as the average for all occupations in the economy. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-nitrd-report-2010.pdf
- 86. I n 2008,the ComprehensiveNational Cybersecurity Initiative listed “expanded cyber education” as one of its key recommendations. In 2009, the Partnership for Public Service produced a report stating that the current pipeline of cyber- security workers into the government was inadequate.1 In the same year,Secretary of Defense Robert Gates stated that the military was “desperately short of people who have the capabilities [to operate in cyberspace].”2 And in 2011, the Inspector Gen- eral of the Federal Bureau of Investigation reported that 35 percent of the special agents investigating national security cyber-intrusion cases lacked necessary training Preparing the Pipeline: The U.S. Cyber Workforce for the Future by David J. Kay,Terry J. Pudas, and Brett Young DEFENSE HORIZONS National Defense University LSECURITYPOLICY About the Authors David J. Kay is a Research Analyst in the Center for Technology and National Security Policy (CTNSP), In- stitute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University. Terry J. Pudas is a Senior Research Fellow in CTNSP. Brett Young was a Research Assistant in CTNSP. Key Points There is widespread agreement in the public and private sectors that U.S. educational institutions are un- able to meet the growing demand for cyber workforce professionals. It is difficult to measure the true size and requirements for the cyber workforce due to the lack of com- August 2012 There is widespread agreement in the public and private sectors that U.S. educational institutions are un- able to meet the growing demand for cyber workforce professionals.
- 87. 87 “In this report,we define STEM jobs to include professional and technical support occupations in the fields of computer science and mathematics, engineering, and life and physical sciences.” David Langdon, George McKittrick, David Beede, Beethika Khan, and Mark Doms, “STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future.” US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration last accessed online October 28, 2012 http://www.esa.doc.gov/ sites/default/files/reports/documents/ stemfinalyjuly14_1.pdf
- 88. ANTHONY P. CARNEVALENICOLE SMITH MICHELLE MELTON, “Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics”, Georgetown University, Center on Education and the Workforce, October 20, 2012 last accessed October 28, 2012 at http://cew.georgetown.edu/stem/.
- 89. ANTHONY P. CARNEVALENICOLE SMITH MICHELLE MELTON, “Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics”, Georgetown University, Center on Education and the Workforce, October 20, 2012 last accessed October 28, 2012 at http://cew.georgetown.edu/stem/. Note: STEM does not include medical and health jobs or many of the middle skill jobs transformed by technology in the past decade across industry sectors.
- 90. CTE - FiveWays That Pay, Center for Education and the Workforce, Georgetown University, Sep 2012, Last accessed online October 28, 2012 at http://www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/ CTE.FiveWays.FullReport.pdf While STEM accounts for 7.6MM jobs, there are 29 million middle skills jobs 62% of middle skills job pay $35K plus 2 out of 5 middle skill jobs pay $50k plus
- 91. US Department ofLabor and US Bureau of the Census in National Skills Coalition
- 92. Technology impacts alljobs and academic disciplines—all aspects of life. 5.5% STEM JOBS U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, STEM Jobs Now and for the Future, 7.6MM STEM Jobs in 2010, 5.5% of U.S. Workforce
- 93. What are the implicationsfor economic development?
- 94. Engineering Mathematics Technology Science STEM practice isculturally and geographically bound. Physics STEM
- 95. . The United States Air ForceSecurity Service 1948
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- 102. Northwest Vista College, ION,Improving Opportunities in NanotechnologyPicture is Denton ISD
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- 105. General Bernard Schriever, Father ofthe U.S. Air Force space and missile program Feb. 19, 1957 Inaugural Air Force Office of Scientific Research Astronautics Symposium in San Diego. Commander of Western Development Division Headquarters
- 106. Alamo Heights Rocketry Picture isFredericksburg ISD, Texas
- 107. SURVIVAL OF SPECIES SECURITY/ SAFETY LIFE QUALITY WEALTH JOBS Technological transformation of existingsituations into new situations (work, learning, play, civil society, economy). What do we mean when we say STEM?
- 108.
- 109. Understanding the structure oftechnology Defining STEM in the context of workforce and economic development Education pathways to innovation
- 111. Health Arts CTE Academics Classical Contemporary Education How do wecultivate innovation and innovators?
- 112. TE(a)MS Model Schools ClassicalContemporary Education • High degree of faculty interaction across disciplines and grades (systems) • Integrating CTE, Arts and Academics (systems) • Learning laboratories and worldly experience with industry-standard tools, processes and problems (systems) • Emerging P-20 systems (P-20) -- Sequenced, integrated and transferable courses HS to CTC to University (systems) • Transdisciplinary culture (systems) -- Context and frame for learning is real world, purpose driven and action oriented.
- 113. Maryland Classroom: CTE:Educating Tomorrow’s Workforce Today, April 2008 TE(a)MS State System
- 114. TE(a)MS State System MarylandClassroom: CTE: Educating Tomorrow’s Workforce Today, April 2008
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- 116. Alamo Heights Rocketry Picture isFredericksburg ISD, Texas
- 117. ITSA, San Antonio,TX http://www.mysanantonio.com/default/article/Students-hoping-to-ridethe-cybersecurity-wave-1043235.php#ixzz1IBe4Gqls
- 118. Applied Problem Solving World Knowledge The key literacyof the 21st century is transdisciplinarity.
- 119. Transdiscipline Transdiscipline is theorganization of people across academia and institutional silos to innovate. Innovation is the creation of new knowledge, tools, processes, and systems.
- 120.
- 121.
- 122.
- 123.
- 124. Denton ISD, Texas Programsof study connecting pathways to both 2 year and 4 year post secondary degrees.
- 135. Elementary spaceTEAMS San Antonio,TX Connecting formal andinformal education into a coherent sequence of programs across grade levels and educational institutions.
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- 138. Source, DIAC, ComputerProfessionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR), Pattern Languages for the 21st Century, Brazell and Monroe, 2003
- 139. Holmes High School andSan Antonio Cyber Initiative
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- 143. Learn more aboutTX cyber today at the Texas Cyber Education, Workforce, and Economic Development session from 2:00-3:15.
- 144. Understanding the structure oftechnology Defining STEM in the context of workforce and economic development Education pathways to innovation
- 145. Common Core StateStandards & Career and Technical Education: Bridging the Divide between College and Career Readiness was prepared for Achieve by Hans Meeder and Thom Suddreth of the Meeder Consulting Group, with the Association for Career and Technical Education and the National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium. “The goal of ensuring that all students graduate from high school ready for college, careers and life has taken hold in every state across the nation. Yet all too often, the focus on “college readiness” and “career readiness” remains in two distinct silos...”
- 146. SURVIVAL OF SPECIES SECURITY/ SAFETY QUALITY OF LIFE WEALTH JOBS Cultivating innovation and innovators. Whatis the role of education, workforce, and economic development in U.S. competitiveness?
- 147. SURVIVAL OF SPECIES SECURITY/ SAFETY QUALITY OF LIFE WEALTH JOBS You, championing next generation CTE! Whatis the role of education, workforce, and economic development in U.S. competitiveness?
- 148. Super Systems: TheRole of Education, Workforce and Economic Development Collaboration in U.S. Competitiveness Texas Workforce Commission, Dallas, TX, November 28, 2012 JIM BRAZELL [email protected]