Types & Fundamentals of Information System

Group MembersGroup Members
Muhammad WaqasMuhammad Waqas (0050)(0050)
Awais MansoorAwais Mansoor (0064)(0064)
Muhammad RizwanMuhammad Rizwan (0081)(0081)
Muhammad BasharatMuhammad Basharat (0121)(0121)

Types andTypes and
FundamentalsFundamentals
ofof
Information SystemsInformation Systems

IntroductionIntroduction
Information system (IS):Information system (IS):
A set of interrelated components that collect,A set of interrelated components that collect,
manipulate, and disseminate data andmanipulate, and disseminate data and
information and provide feedback to meet aninformation and provide feedback to meet an
objective.objective.
Businesses:Businesses:
Can use information systems to increaseCan use information systems to increase
revenues and reduce costsrevenues and reduce costs
4

Information ConceptsInformation Concepts
Information:Information:
One of an organization’s most valuableOne of an organization’s most valuable
resourcesresources
Often confused with the termOften confused with the term datadata
5

Data, Information, andData, Information, and
KnowledgeKnowledge
Data:Data:
Raw factsRaw facts
Information:Information:
Collection of facts organized in such a wayCollection of facts organized in such a way
that they have value beyond the factsthat they have value beyond the facts
themselvesthemselves
Process:Process:
Set of logically related tasksSet of logically related tasks
Knowledge:Knowledge:
Awareness and understanding of a set ofAwareness and understanding of a set of
informationinformation
6

Data, Information, and Knowledge
(continued)
7

Data, Information, and Knowledge
(continued)
8

What is an Information System?
(continued)
9

Input, Processing, Output,Input, Processing, Output,
FeedbackFeedback
Input:Input:
Any information or data that is sent toAny information or data that is sent to
a computer a computer
Processing:Processing:
Converting data into useful outputsConverting data into useful outputs
Output:Output:
Production of useful information, usually in theProduction of useful information, usually in the
form of documents and reportsform of documents and reports
Feedback:Feedback:
Information from the system that is used toInformation from the system that is used to
make changes to input or processing activitiesmake changes to input or processing activities10

Manual and ComputerizedManual and Computerized
Information SystemsInformation Systems
An information system can be:An information system can be:
Manual or computerizedManual or computerized
Manual based information systemsManual based information systems
AA manual-based systemmanual-based system will see informationwill see information
recorded and kept in different ways such as inrecorded and kept in different ways such as in
files in paper form.files in paper form.
Computerized information systems:Computerized information systems:
AA computer basedcomputer based information systeminformation system willwill
see data stored on various computer programssee data stored on various computer programs
including on databases, Word documents,including on databases, Word documents,
Excel etc.
11

Computer-Based InformationComputer-Based Information
SystemsSystems
Technology infrastructure:Technology infrastructure:
Includes all hardware, software, databases,Includes all hardware, software, databases,
telecommunications, people, and procedurestelecommunications, people, and procedures
Configured to collect, manipulate, store, andConfigured to collect, manipulate, store, and
process data into informationprocess data into information
12

Computer-Based Information Systems
(continued)
13

Systems (continued)Systems (continued)
Hardware:Hardware:
Consists of computer equipment used toConsists of computer equipment used to
perform input, processing, and outputperform input, processing, and output
activitiesactivities
Software:Software:
Consists of the computer programs thatConsists of the computer programs that
govern the operation of the computergovern the operation of the computer
Database:Database:
Organized collection of facts and information,Organized collection of facts and information,
typically consisting of two or more relatedtypically consisting of two or more related
data filesdata files 14

Telecommunications, networks, and theTelecommunications, networks, and the
Internet:Internet:
The electronic transmission of signals forThe electronic transmission of signals for
communicationscommunications
Networks:Networks:
Connect computers and equipment to enableConnect computers and equipment to enable
electronic communicationelectronic communication
Internet:Internet:
World’s largest computer network, consistingWorld’s largest computer network, consisting
of thousands of interconnected networks, allof thousands of interconnected networks, all
freely exchanging informationfreely exchanging information 15

Intranet:Intranet:
Internal network that allows people within anInternal network that allows people within an
organization to exchange information andorganization to exchange information and
work on projectswork on projects
Extranet:Extranet:
Network that allows selected outsiders, suchNetwork that allows selected outsiders, such
as business partners and customers, toas business partners and customers, to
access authorized resources of a company’saccess authorized resources of a company’s
intranetintranet
16

People:People:
The most important element in mostThe most important element in most
computer-based information systemscomputer-based information systems
Procedures:Procedures:
Include strategies, policies, methods, andInclude strategies, policies, methods, and
rules for using the CBISrules for using the CBIS
17

Types of Information SystemsTypes of Information Systems
There are following types of InformationThere are following types of Information
system:system:
Management Information SystemManagement Information System
Decision Support SystemDecision Support System
Knowledge Management SystemKnowledge Management System
18

Management information systemManagement information system
(MIS)(MIS)
Organized collection of people,Organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, andprocedures, software, databases, and
devices that provides routine informationdevices that provides routine information
to managers and decision makersto managers and decision makers
19

Management information systemManagement information system
(MIS)(MIS)
20

Decision Support SystemsDecision Support Systems
(DSS)(DSS)
Decision support system (DSS):Decision support system (DSS):
Organized collection of people, procedures,Organized collection of people, procedures,
software, databases, and devices that supportsoftware, databases, and devices that support
problem-specific decision makingproblem-specific decision making
Can include:Can include:
A collection of models used to support a decisionA collection of models used to support a decision
maker or user (model base)maker or user (model base)
A collection of facts and information to assist inA collection of facts and information to assist in
decision making (database)decision making (database)
Systems and procedures (user interface orSystems and procedures (user interface or
dialogue manager) that help decision makers anddialogue manager) that help decision makers and
other users interact with the DSSother users interact with the DSS 21

Knowledge management systemsKnowledge management systems
(KMS)(KMS)
Organized collection of people,Organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, andprocedures, software, databases, and
devices to:devices to:
Create, store, share, and use the organization’sCreate, store, share, and use the organization’s
knowledge and experienceknowledge and experience
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 22

RiskRisk
Managers must consider the risks ofManagers must consider the risks of
designing, developing, and implementingdesigning, developing, and implementing
systemssystems
Information systems can sometimes beInformation systems can sometimes be
costly failurescostly failures
23

Working in TeamsWorking in Teams
It is always good for IS professionals to:It is always good for IS professionals to:
Have good communications skills and theHave good communications skills and the
ability to work with other peopleability to work with other people
Getting the best team of IS personnel toGetting the best team of IS personnel to
work on important projects is:work on important projects is:
Critical in successfully developing newCritical in successfully developing new
information systems or modifying existinginformation systems or modifying existing
onesones
24

Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Finding a Job in ISFinding a Job in IS
Developing an online résumé can beDeveloping an online résumé can be
critical to finding a good jobcritical to finding a good job
Job search approaches:Job search approaches:
On campus visitsOn campus visits
Referrals from professors, friends, and familyReferrals from professors, friends, and family
membersmembers
The Internet:The Internet:
Online job sitesOnline job sites
Company Web sitesCompany Web sites
Social networking sitesSocial networking sites
BlogsBlogs
25

Global Challenges in InformationGlobal Challenges in Information
SystemsSystems
Cultural challengesCultural challenges
Language challengesLanguage challenges
Time and distance challengesTime and distance challenges
Infrastructure challengesInfrastructure challenges
Currency challengesCurrency challenges
26

Global Challenges in InformationGlobal Challenges in Information
Product and service challengesProduct and service challenges
Technology transfer issuesTechnology transfer issues
State, regional, and national lawsState, regional, and national laws
Trade agreementsTrade agreements
27

SummarySummary
Data:Data:
Raw factsRaw facts
To be valuable, information must be:To be valuable, information must be:
Accurate, complete, economical to produce,Accurate, complete, economical to produce,
flexible, reliable, relevant, simple toflexible, reliable, relevant, simple to
understand, timely, verifiable, accessible,understand, timely, verifiable, accessible,
and secureand secure
Types of systems used withinTypes of systems used within
organizations:organizations:
E-commerce and m-commerce, TPS andE-commerce and m-commerce, TPS and
ERP, MIS and DSS, and specializedERP, MIS and DSS, and specialized
business information systemsbusiness information systems
28

Summary (continued)Summary (continued)
Systems development:Systems development:
The activity of creating or modifying existingThe activity of creating or modifying existing
business systemsbusiness systems
Organization:Organization:
Formal collection of people and various otherFormal collection of people and various other
resources established to accomplish a set ofresources established to accomplish a set of
goalsgoals
29

Types & Fundamentals of Information System

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