Types of Pollutions
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The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, and soil pollution. It provides causes and effects for each type of pollution. For air pollution, key causes included burning of waste, vehicle emissions, agriculture, and industry. Effects are global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, and impacts on wildlife. Solutions proposed for different types of pollution focus on reducing waste and emissions, using cleaner energy sources, and properly disposing of hazardous materials.
Types of Pollutions
- 2. INTRODUCTION Different Types of pollution are categorized based on the part of the environment which they affect or result which the particular pollution causes. Each of these types has its own distinctive causes and consequences. There are several types of pollution, and while they may come from different sources and have different consequences, understanding the basics about pollution can help environmentally conscious individuals minimize their contribution to these dangers.
- 3. The contamination of the air present in the atmosphere is known as “Air pollution”. AIR POLLUTION
- 4. Causes of air pollution • Burning of discarded plastic, wood and rubber also release carcinogenic gases into the atmosphere. • Pollution emitting from vehicles • Agricultural activities • Exhaust from factories and industries • Mining operations: Mining is a process wherein minerals below the earth are extracted using large equipment’s. During the process dust and chemicals are released in the air causing massive air pollution. • Indoor air pollution: Household cleaning products, painting supplies emit toxic chemicals in the air and cause air pollution. Have you ever noticed that once you paint walls of your house, it creates some sort of smell which makes it literally impossible for you to breathe? Effects of air pollution • Global warming • Depletion of Ozone layer • Acid Rain • Eutrophication: Eutrophication is a condition where high amount of nitrogen present in some pollutants gets developed on sea’s surface and turns itself into algae and adversely affect fish, plants and animal species. The green coloured algae that is present on lakes and ponds is due to presence of this chemical only. • Effect on Wildlife: Just like humans, animals also face some devastating affects of air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can force wildlife species to move to new place and change their habitat. The toxic pollutants deposit over the surface of the water and can also affect sea animals.
- 5. SOLUTIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION • Use public mode of transportation: Encourage people to use more and more public modes of transportation to reduce pollution. Also, try to make use of car pooling. If you and your colleagues come from the same locality and have same timings you can explore this option to save energy and money. • Conserve energy: Switch off fans and lights when you are going out. Large amount of fossil fuels are burnt to produce electricity. You can save the environment from degradation by reducing the amount of fossil fuels to be burned. • Understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: Do not throw away items that are of no use to you. In-fact reuse them for some other purpose. For e.g. you can use old jars to store cereals or pulses. • Emphasis on clean energy resources: Clean energy technologies like solar, wind and geothermal are on high these days. Governments of various countries have been providing grants to consumers who are interested in installing solar panels for their home. This will go a long way to curb air pollution. • Use energy efficient devices: CFL lights consume less electricity as against their counterparts. They live longer, consume less electricity, lower electricity bills and also help you to reduce pollution by consuming less energy.
- 6. As the name suggests, “Water Pollution” is the type of pollution that involves the contamination of various water bodies, whether from chemical, particulate, or bacterial matter that degrades the water's quality and purity. Water pollution can occur in oceans, rivers, lakes, and underground reservoirs, and as different water sources flow together the pollution can spread. WATER POLLUTION
- 7. The causes of water pollution • Industrial waste gets dumped into these water bodies. This causes a chemical imbalance in the water leading to death of the aquatic beings. • Insecticides, pesticides and ripening chemicals that are used on plants run into the ground water system or nearby streams. • Washing clothes near lakes and rivers cause’s detergents also causes a condition called “Eutrophication” which blocks sunlight from entering inside and reduces oxygen values in the water causing an inhabitable environment. • Certain natural disasters like flash floods and hurricanes cause the intermixing of water with harmful substances on the land. • ‘Oil Spills’ are caused when giant oil tankers and oil rigs which are present in the oceans are damaged by either natural or human errors cause a long-time damage to the ocean as oil is lighter than water and floats on water forming a layer blocking sunlight. Effects of Water Pollution • Oil spills in the water causes animal to die when they ingest it or encounter it. Oil does not dissolve in water so it causes suffocation in fish and birds. • Industrial chemicals and agricultural pesticides that end up in aquatic environments can accumulate in fish that are later eaten by humans. Fish are easily poisoned with metals that are also later consumed by humans. Mercury is particularly poisonous to small children and women. Mercury has been found to interfere with the development of the nervous system in foetuses and young children. • Swimming in and drinking contaminated water causes skin rashes and health problems like cancer, reproductive problems, typhoid fever and stomach sickness in humans. Which is why it’s very important to make sure that your water is clean and safe to drink. • Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid waste and soil erosion in streams and rivers. • Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid waste and soil erosion in streams and rivers. • Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid waste and soil erosion in streams and rivers. • Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid waste and soil erosion in streams and rivers.
- 8. SOLUTIONS FOR WATER POLLUTION • Support organic farmers by purchasing organic food and other products, since these farms are against using pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. • Properly dispose toxic products such as; paint, oil and other hazardous materials. • Maintain vehicles to prevent oil leaks. • Keep all boats and water crafts well maintained. • Don't deposit any waste or litter in any water system. • Recycle and dispose household waste properly.
- 9. Noise pollution refers to undesirable levels of noises caused by human activity that disrupt the standard of living in the affected area. There are different qualities of sounds. The sounds which are not pleasant to hear are called ‘Noises’. So an excess of noise in the outdoors leads to “Noise Pollution”. NOISE POLLUTION
- 10. Causes of noise pollution • Too many vehicles honking at the roads • Heavy machinery being operated in the open • The sound coming from Trains • Over populated crowds • The sound coming from planes • The sound coming from industry • Construction or demolition Effects of noise pollution • Stress-related illnesses • High blood pressure • Speech interference • Hearing loss • Noise pollution has more of a psychological effect rather than a physical one. • Noise pollution is known to cause mental stress and depression. • Underwater noise pollution coming from ships has been shown to upset whales’ navigation systems and kill other species that depend on the natural underwater world.
- 11. SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION • Construction of soundproof rooms for noisy machines in industrial and manufacturing installations must be encouraged. This is also important for residential building noisy machines should be installed far from sleeping and living rooms, like in a basement or garage. • noise and nuisance Use of horns with jarring sounds, motorbikes with damaged exhaust pipes, noisy trucks to be banned. • noise and nuisance Noise producing industries, airports, bus and transport terminals and railway stations to sighted far from where living places. • noise and nuisance Community law enforcers should check the misuse of loudspeakers, worshipers, outdoor parties and discos, as well as public announcements systems. • noise and nuisance Community laws must silence zones near schools / colleges, hospitals etc. • noise and nuisance Vegetation (trees) along roads and in residential areas is a good way to reduce noise pollution as they absorb sound.
- 12. SOIL POLLUTION
- 13. Causes of Soil Pollution Industrial Activity Agricultural Activities Waste Disposal Every human produces a certain amount of personal waste products by way or urine and feces. Accidental Oil Spills Acid Rain Effects of Soil Pollution • Effect on Health of Humans • Effect on Growth of Plants • Decreased Soil Fertility • Changes in Soil Structure • Toxic Dust
- 14. SOLUTIONS FOR SOIL POLLUTION • People should be educated and made aware about the harmful effects of littering. Discuss with friends and family and talk about it. • left aligned image facts on water pollution Reuse any items that you can. Items like clothing, bottles, wrapping paper and shopping bags can be used over and over again, rather than buying new things. • The greatest prevention to land pollution is in the three ‘R's’ … Reduce Waste, Re-use things and Recycle things. This is true even for governments. They can also use the three ‘R’ rule to minimize the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. After the three 'R's, remember to turn the rest of the garbage into compost. • facts on water pollution Personal litter should be disposed properly. We can separate household waste at home for recycling. More than half of our household waste could be recycled or re-used but once it is mixed up, it becomes more difficult to separate different components for recycling. This is also true for waste we make at school or hospitals. • facts on water pollution Buy biodegradable products. • facts on water pollution Store all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers. • facts on water pollution Eat organic foods that are grown without pesticides. Look out for fertilizer or pesticide free products when you go to the market. • facts on water pollution Don’t use pesticides if you can. • facts on water pollution Use a drip tray to collect engine oil. • facts on water pollution Buy products that have little packaging. • facts on water pollution Don’t dump motor oil on the ground.