More Related Content
Similar to UNII II ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS (20)
More from karthi keyan (20)
UNII II ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS
- 1. 20CE7020E BUILDING SERVICES ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS UNIT – 2
- 2. UNIT 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS • Basics of electricity distribution - Earthing systems and bonding - Electric wiring - Industrial Installations -Lighting controls - Light sources, Lamps, Lighting design - Telecommunication installations.
- 3. Basics of electricity distribution: • The basic electrical installations are, • lighting - providing illumination both inside and outside buildings • exhaust fans - providing ventilation both inside and outside buildings • use of portable and non-portable electrical machines or appliances and their wiring network, including sub-main wiring, cable, O.H. lines etc, including control panel and switches.
- 5. Transmission and distribution •After electricity has been generated, a system of electrical wires carries the electricity from the source of generation to our homes and businesses. •Transmission lines , transformers, substations and other equipment have voltages of 100 kV (100,000 volts) and above.
- 6. Types of Electric Power Distribution Systems 1) According to the nature of the supply • AC Distribution system • DC Distribution system 2) According to a type of connection • Radial system • Ring system • Interconnected system 3) According to a type of construction • Overhead system • Underground system
- 7. Classification According to Nature of Supply Primary distribution system Secondary distribution system AC Distribution system AC voltage can be easily step up and step down with the help of a transformer.
- 8. primary distribution system It is used to convert 11 kV to 415 V. And this power is directly distributed to the small consumers.
- 9. Secondary distribution system generated AC power is converted into DC power with the help of a rectifier or rotary converter. The applications where we need DC power are; traction purpose, DC motors, Battery charging, and electroplating.
- 10. DC Distribution System •The load is connected in parallel between two lines. Generally, the load connected in this system is lamp-load or motors. The load has only two terminals can be connected in this type of system.
- 11. DC Distribution System • Three-wire DC distribution system Hence, the load requires a higher voltage that is connected between healthy wires, and the load requires a lower voltage that is connected between one healthy wire and a neutral wire.
- 12. Classification According to Method of Connection
- 13. Radial System
- 14. Ring Main System
- 15. Radial, Loop, & Network Systems: Radial Loop Network
- 16. Power Distribution System • It receives High volt power from a transmission network then stepped down it by a step-down transformer to the primary distribution level voltage. Primary distribution voltage is usually 11 kV, but can range between 2.4 kV to 33 kV depending upon region or consumer.
- 17. Earthing systems and bonding:
- 19. Earthing • earthing is to limit the duration of touch voltages if you were to make contact with an exposed conductive part. The earth creates a safe route for the current to flow instead of causing electric shock.
- 20. Bonding •The purpose of bonding is to reduce the risk of electric shock if you find yourself touching separate metallic parts when there is a fault somewhere within the electrical installation. Protective bonding conductors reduce the magnitude of touch voltage in this scenario.
- 21. TN-S System
- 22. TN-C-S System
- 23. TT System
- 24. Electric wiring • Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure.
- 25. Non-Metallic (NM) Sheathed Cable: • Most interior wiring is done with non-metallic, or NM, cable—also known by the popular brand name Romex. • NM cable is made of three or more wires wrapped inside a flexible plastic jacket, or sheathing. It is used for most interior circuits, such as those for outlets, switches, light fixtures, and appliances.
- 26. Direct-Burial Cable • Standard electrical cable is designed to be run indoors, where it stays dry and is protected by wall, ceiling, or floor structures. wires are embedded in solid vinyl to fully protect them from moisture.
- 27. Different Types of Electrical Wire • NM Cable • UF Cable • THHN • THWN • Low-Voltage Wire • Phone and Data Wire • Coaxial Cable
- 28. NM cable (Non metallic cable) • White sheathing - NM cable with 14-gauge conductors. • Yellow sheathing - NM cable with 12-gauge conductors. • Orange sheathing - NM cable with 10-gauge conductors. • Black-sheathed - for both 6- and 8-gauge wire.
- 29. UF Cable It is commonly used for supplying outdoor fixtures, such as lampposts. Like standard NM cable, UF contains insulated hot and neutral wires, plus a bare copper ground wire.
- 30. THHN and THWN wires • They have colored sheathings used to identify their function in a circuit: • Hot wires: Black, red, orange • Neutral wires: White, brown • Ground wires: Green, yellow-green
- 31. Low-Voltage Wire • Low-voltage wiring is used for circuits typically requiring 50 volts or less. • Several common types are landscape lighting wire, sprinkler system connections, bell wire (for doorbells), speaker system wires, and thermostat wires.
- 32. Phone and Data wire • Telephone and data wiring are low-voltage wires used for “landline” telephones and internet hookups, typically made from copper. • Telephone cables may contain four or eight wires. • It can be used for both phone and data transmission and offers greater capacity and quality than standard phone wire.
- 33. Coaxial cable • Coaxial cable used in connecting televisions to antenna or cable service delivery and is still often used to connect satellite dishes or to bring subscription television service to an in- home distribution point. • It typically has black or white insulation and is perfectly round in shape
- 34. Industrial installations • Its a network of wires connecting various accessories for distribution of electrical energy from the supplier meter board to the numerous electrical energy consuming devices such as lamps, fans and other domestic appliances through controlling and safety devices is known as a wiring system. Electrical Wiring & Installation
- 37. Tree System
- 38. Joint Box System Methods of Wiring:
- 39. Loop System This system is universally used for connections of various lamps or other appliances in parallel. The phase or line conductors are looped either in switch board or box and neutrals are looped either in switch board or from light or fan. Line or phase should never be looped from light or fan.
- 40. Different Types of Electrical Wiring Systems The types of internal wiring usually used are • Cleat wiring • Wooden casing and capping wiring • CTS or TRS or PVC sheath wiring • Lead sheathed or metal sheathed wiring • Conduit wiring
- 41. Cleat Wiring • This system of wiring comprises of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally, sheathed and weather proof cable) • Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domestic premises. • The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays.
- 42. Wooden casing and capping wiring • The cable used in this type of wiring is either VIR or PVC or any other approved insulated cables.
- 43. Battern (CTS or TRS or PVC sheath) wiring • In this type of wiring the cables used may be single core, twin core or three core TRS cables with a circular oval shape. Usually single core cables are preferred. • TRS cables are sufficiently chemical proof, water proof, steam proof but are slightly affected by lubricating oils.
- 44. Lead Sheathed Wiring • The type of wiring employs conductors that are insulated with VIR and covered with an outer sheath of lead aluminum alloy containing about 95% of lead. • The metal sheath given protection to cables from mechanical damage, moisture and atmospheric corrosion. • This types used for Low voltage Applications
- 45. Conduit Wiring In this system of wiring steel tubes, known as conduits, are installed on the surface of walls by means of saddles or pipe hooks or buried under plaster and VIR or PVC cables are drawn into afterwards by means of a GI wire of size of about 18 SWG.
- 46. Lighting controls • Lighting controls are a range of smart lighting devices that can regulate the levels, quality and characteristics of light in a defined space. • These smart devices aid in reducing electricity wastage while simultaneously encouraging energy efficiency.
- 47. They switch on the lights automatically as they detect motion and turn them off when the area is not occupied for a certain amount of time. For instance, Savvy is a range of smart PIR occupancy sensors by Wipro Lighting that uses advanced passive infrared technology for detecting patterns and ranges. 1. Occupancy Sensors Lighting controls
- 48. A dimmer allows the users to control and alter the “intensity of illumination” as per their preferences. It encourages convenience as users can lighten or darken the room with simple controls 2. Dimmers Lighting controls
- 49. Integrated lighting controls permit the users to alter the lighting scenes in a defined space. They allow the users to modify and set a lighting scene that comprehends their mood. Various LED lighting manufacturers offer IoT-enabled control systems that allow users to control lighting with mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices. 3. Integrated Lighting Controls Lighting controls
- 50. Light sources, Lamps, Lighting Design • Lighting Design: Location of Light Sources: Light plays an important role in the perception of the environment around us, without light there is no vision and vision gives us a part of our sensory experiences. Despite the charm, daylighting persists in some defects such as glare, heat penetration, discoloration of furniture and fabric dyes, etc. hence the need for artificial lighting. A basic understanding of the colour, intensity, and texture of light supports the ideas which will undermine a project’s design goals. Refining layouts, materials, and scale can’t make a huge difference that light can quickly and powerfully alter the appearance and emotional effect with a few simple strokes. For every space design decision, there needs to be a complementary lighting decision.
- 51. Light sources, Lamps, Lighting Design • Light from the Ceiling onto Walls
- 52. Light sources, Lamps, Lighting Design • Lighting from the Ground
- 53. Light sources, Lamps, Lighting Design • Lighting from the Wall Upwards
- 54. Light sources, Lamps, Lighting Design • Lighting the Wall
- 55. Light sources, Lamps, Lighting Design • Light from Slots and Coves
- 56. Light sources, Lamps, Lighting Design • Low Lighting onto the Floor
- 57. Light sources, Lamps, Lighting Design • Suspended Glowing Sources
- 58. Telecommunication installation • Telecommunications are the means of electronic transmission of information over distances. The information may be in the form of voice telephone calls, data, text, images, or video. • Today, telecommunications are used to organize more or less remote computer systems into telecommunications networks. These networks themselves are run by computers. • A telecommunications network is an arrangement of computing and telecommunications resources for communication of information between distant locations.