Unit 1 ppt
144 likes64,105 views
This document provides an introduction to town planning and planning concepts. It defines town planning as the art and science of ordering land use and infrastructure development to achieve the maximum degree of economic, social and environmental benefits. The document outlines the role of planners, aims of town planning like creating healthy, convenient and beautiful environments, and the typical planning process including data collection, analysis, plan making and implementation. It also describes different types of surveys and plans used in urban planning.
Unit 1 ppt
- 1. Le Corbusier’s Paris AR0416, Town Planning & Human Settlements, Unit 1 Lutyen’s New Delhi INTRODUCTION TO Lucio Costa’s Brasilia TOWN PLANNING AND PLANNING CONCEPTS TAMIL EZHIL G Presentation prepared as a part of Architect Planner lecture series @ School of Architecture and Interior Design, SRM University
- 2. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION PLANNING CONCEPTS • DEFINITION • GARDEN CITY – Sir Ebenezer • PLANNER”S ROLE Howard • AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF TOWN • GEDDISIAN TRIAD – Patrick Geddes PLANNING • NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING – • PLANNING PROCESS C.A.Perry • URBAN & RURAL IN INDIA • RADBURN LAYOUT • TYPES OF SURVEYS • EKISTICS • SURVEYING TECHNIQUES • SATELLITE TOWNS • DIFFERENT TYPE OF PLANS • RIBBON DEVELOPMENT
- 3. TOWN PLANNING “A city should be built to give its inhabitants security and “A place where men had happiness” – Aristotle a common life for a people have the right to the city noble end” – Plato Town planning a mediation of space; making of a place
- 4. WHAT IS TOWN PLANNING ? The art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes so as to secure the maximum practicable degree of economy, convenience, and beauty. An attempt to formulate the principles that should guide us in creating a civilized physical background for human life whose main impetus is thus … foreseeing and guiding change.
- 5. WHAT IS TOWN PLANNING ? An art of shaping and guiding the physical growth of the town creating buildings and environments to meet the various needs such as social, cultural, economic and recreational etc. and to provide healthy conditions for both rich and poor to live, to work, and to play or relax, thus bringing about the social and economic well-being for the majority of mankind.
- 6. WHAT IS TOWN PLANNING ? • physical, social and economic planning of an urban environment • It encompasses many different disciplines and brings them all under a single umbrella. • The simplest definition of urban planning is that it is the organization of all elements of a town/other urban environment. Physical Ecological
- 7. IF PLANNING WAS NOT THERE? • Uneven & Chaotic development – contrasting urban scenario • Mixed Landuse – Industries springing up in residential zones • Congested Transportation Network – overflowing traffic than expected CONTRASTING URBAN SCENARIO
- 8. ROLE OF PLANNERS • Consider – “human communities are always in the process of changing” • Recognize – “the complexity of communities • Concern – about the future Growth of the city
- 9. AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF TOWN PLANNING • to create and • social, economic, promote healthy cultural and • To preserve the conditions and recreational individuality of the environments for amenities etc. town all the people – • Recreational • To preserve the • to make right use amenities - open aesthetics in the of the land for the spaces, parks, design of all elements right purpose by gardens & of town or city plan, zoning playgrounds, town • to ensure orderly halls stadiums, development community centers, • to avoid cinema houses, and encroachment of theatres one zone over the other HEALTH CONVENIENCE BEAUTY
- 10. PLANNING PROCESS IDENTIFICATION & DEFINING THE OBJECTIVES DEFINITION OF PROBLEM To regulate growth , to nullify the bad effects of past DATA COLLECTION growth, to improve the transportation facilities, to Studies & Surveys optimize the resources utilization, to balance population and economic activities, to promote social Identification of trend and direction of growth, integration among different categories, to promote a Traffic survey, Study on demography, Climate, convenient comfortable, beautiful and healthy Resources and other potentials environment. In the form of study Demographic projection & forecasting DATA ANALYSIS maps, graphs, charts, FORECASTING based on migration, employment, etc and long term & industrialisation and urbanisation short term objectives are identified Preparation of development plans, FIXING THE PRIORITIES formulation of zones, alteration to the DESIGN existing zoning regulations, widening of Identification of priorities based on roads etc the need, importance and urgency Implementation by the suitable authorities , within IMPLEMENTATION time & must satisfy all the REVIEW, EVALUATION & FEEDBACK required obligations Monitoring by periodical inspections, feedbacks & review reports.
- 11. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANS Structural plan Comprehensive plan Developmental plan • A structure plan is one • The comprehensive that singles out for plan seeks to combine • means a plan for attention of certain in one document the the development or aspect of the prescriptions for all re-development or environment usually aspects of city improvement of the the land-uses, the main development. area within the movement systems and • It includes an analysis jurisdiction of a the location of critical of the city’s economy, planning authority facilities and buildings. its demographic • It includes a characteristics, and the regional plan, • Such a plan aims to history of its spatial master plan, influence certain key development as a vocational decisions detailed preface to plan for how development plan while recognizing that the city should evolve there are many other over 20 year period and a new town things that can’t and development plan perhaps should not be decided at the outset.
- 12. URBAN & RURAL INDIA Urban Area – Census of India • all places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee; • all other places which has features as – a minimum population of 5000; – at least 75% of the male working population engaged in non- agricultural pursuits and – a density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km. and predominantly urban way of life (urbanism) Apart from urban area & urban agglomeration rest is considered as Rural Area.
- 13. URBAN & RURAL INDIA CENSUS CLASSIFICTION OF TOWNS & CITIES Class of Range of Population No. of Towns Cities/Towns (Census of India) Class I 100,000 and above 393 Class II 50,000 to 99,999 401 Class III 20,000 to 49,999 1151 Class IV 10,000 to 19,999 1344 Class V 5,000 to 9,999 888 Class VI Below 5,000 191 Report of National Commission on Urbanization, vol. One
- 14. TYPES OF SURVEYS REGIONAL SURVEYS TOWN SURVEYS done over a region dealing done at much small scale with and apart from the above PHYSICAL FACTORS like data collected from the topography, physically difficult land, geology, landscape etc. regional surveys it also includes PHYSICAL ECONOMIC • LANDUSE SURVEYS FACTORS like agricultural value of the land, mineral • DENSITY SURVEYS resources and water gathering • SURVEYS FOR THE AGE lands, areas with public services, transportation linkages etc. AND CONDITION OF THE BUILDINGS SOCIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS like areas of • TRAFFIC SURVEYS influence of towns and villages, • OTHER SOCIAL SURVEYS employment, population changes etc
- 15. SURVEYING TECHNIQUES • SELF SURVEYS - mailing questionnaires to the persons to be surveyed • INTERVIEWS - by asking questions to the people to be surveyed • DIRECT INSPECTION - when the surveyor himself inspects the situations concerned • OBSERVERS PARTICIPATION - when the observer himself participate in acquiring the data required
- 16. SURVEYING TECHNIQUES SCALES FOR STRUCTURING QUESTIONNAIRE • NOMINAL where there is no ordering, like asking of sex, age, employment in any particular service etc. • ORDINAL where there is a specific order of choices like asking of priorities, housing conditions, climate etc. • INTERVAL where an interval of time is given importance like time taken to shift from LIG housing to MIG housing, time interval to change from two wheelers to four wheelers etc. this provides an yardstick of measurements
- 17. SURVEYING TECHNIQUES SELECTION OF SAMPLES Sample Size – number of persons selected for conducting the survey • More disastrous results - Sample – persons that are included of poor information, larger in the survey sample size is required. TYPES OF SAMPLES • For varied expected responses - larger sample • SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING - selecting samples at random without any criteria to select the samples size is required. • SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING -selection of the Kth • Larger the total population, element along a particular street, where k can be any number smaller the percentage of • STRATIFIED SAMPLING - making of a homogenous the population are required listing of the different sects of the population and to be surveyed. collecting a certain percentage at random from each sect • CLUSTERED SAMPLING - when samples are selected from clusters and not from a homogeneous listing