UNIT-4.pptx

UNIT 4 - ELEMENTS
AND PRINCIPLES OF
THE ARTS
GROUP 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS
KINDS OF LINES
01
PROPERTIES OF COLOR AND
HOW COLORS AND RELATE AND
LIGHT AND SHADOW
02
SHAPE AND
CLASSIFICATION
OF SHAPES
03
TEXTURE, METHODS OF
CREATING SHAPE AND
MOVEMENT
04

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ELEMENTS OF
CINEMA
09
PRINCIPLES OF
ARTS
10
PRINCIPLES OF
DESIGN
11
THE RULE OF THIRDS
AND THE SEVEN DA
VINCIAN PRINCIPLES
12

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ELEMENTS OF THE
COMBINED ARTS
05
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
06
ELEMENTS OF
DRAMA
07
ELEMENTS OF
THEATER
08

Straight lines
- are geometric, impersonal and differ in the direction that they take. The straight
lines may move from left to right, start from the top going down, slant or move up
and down forming angles.
TYPES OF LINES
Horizontal lines
- left to right or vice versa. It is a line that appears to be laying down.

Vertical lines
- start from bottom to top or vice versa. It is a line that appears to be standing.
TYPES OF LINES
Diagonal lines
- are slanting lines. In the visual art, diagonals suggest two meanings, a positive
and a negative one

Zigzag lines
- Are angular lines that resulted in abrupt change in the direction of a straight line
thus forming angles.
TYPES OF LINES
Curved lines
- Are technically curvilinear lines. Curve lines suggest grace, movement and flexibility
indicative of life and energy.

LESSON 2 -
PROPERTIES OF
COLOR AND HOW
COLORS RELATE
AND LIGHT AND
SHADOW

Colors
A ray of light contains all the colors of the
visible spectrum- red orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo and violet (ROYGBIV).
Color is composed of a series of wave
lengths which strike the retina of the eyes.

Hue - It is the name
given to the color, for
example; red, green,
violet and blue.
- For pigments, RED, YELLOW
and BLUE are called primary
hues. They are considered
primary because these hues
cannot be produced from
combining any hues.
- When two primary hues are mixed
in equal amounts, secondary hues
are produced. These are
ORANGE, GREEN and VIOLET.

- refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. The
value of any hues can be changed by adding a
neutral such as black or white. This results in
changing the quantity of light the hue reflects.
VALUE
□ Shade - When black is combined with hue
Tint - When white is added with hue.

• Monochromatic harmony - When a single color in the
composition is varied in intensity and value by adding
white or black.
• Complementary Harmony - results when two colors
that are opposite each other in the color wheel are place
side by side.
• Color temperature - refers to the relative warmth or
coolness of a color. Warm colors are colors that have
YELLOW as its dominant component white cool colors
have blue as their dominant component.
• Analogous harmony - results when hues that are
adjacent or beside each other in the color wheel is used
in a composition.
Color harmony - is one method of establishing color
quality in a composition. There are several ways of creating
harmony that an artist can use.

• Chiaroscuro - the technique of manipulating light and shadow in
painting. Masters who have perfected the use of this technique are
Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, and Caravaggio.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
(VALUE)
• Light and shadow - focuses on what is known as achromatic value.
This refers to the changes in the amount of reflected light which
ranges from black to gray to white and vice versa.

LESSON 3 –
SHAPE AND
CLASSIFICATION
OF SHAPES

Shapes
- In visual arts, a shape
is formed when two
ends of a line meet to
enclose an area.
Picture plane
-any flat surface
onto which the
artwork is
created.
Negative shapes
- these are between the
shapes that are not
occupied by any form.
In painting, these
spaces can be as
important as the
shaped themselves

Classification of Shapes
• Natural or organic shapes - thoseare
seenon nature like the shape of leaves,
animals, mountains, flowers and
seashells.
• Non-objective or biomorphicshapes -
seldom have reference to recognizable
objects, but most often show a similarity to
some organic forms.
• Abstractshapes - those that have
little or no resemblance to natural
objects.
• Geometricshapes - theseare triangles,
rectangles, squares,cylinders,cubes.

LESSON 4 -
TEXTURE,
METHODS OF
CREATING SPACE
AND MOVEMENT

Texture - refers to the feel or tactile quality of the surface of an
object. It has to do with the characteristic of surface, whether it
whether it is rough or smooth, fine or coarse, polished or dull,
dull, plain or irregular. They also add richness and vitality in
Space - An illusion in the graphic arts. It is created by techniques
that adds depth and distance to two-dimensional art. In
sculpture and architecture, however, space is actually
present.
Visual texture - in such cases
where touching the artwork is not
allowed, textured can be perceived
by the eyes.

• Overlapping planes (interposition) -
create space when an object covers a
a part of another object which is behind
Position on the picture plane (relative height) - In some
paintings, spacial representation is based upon the position of
objects relative to the bottom of the frame.
Those objects found at the
bottom of the frame will appear closer to the viewer.
 Foreground - the bottom part.
 Middle ground - where the horizon is.
 Background - the topmost part.
Methods of Creating Space

Color is also used to give the
illusion of distance.
Warm colors advance and
make objects look closer
while cool colors recede
making objects look farther
away.

Perspective - deals with effect of distance on the
appearance of objects. It enables the viewer to
perceive distance and to see the position of objects

LESSON 5 –
ELEMENTS OF
THE COMBINED
ARTS

• Space in architecture is created and
defined by the shape, position, and the
materials employed by the architect.
• Movement -Over the years, artists of the visual
arts have manipulated the medium and elements
in order to portray motion in their artworks. They
have also experimented on which techniques to
employ to be able to incorporate in their works the
perception of movement.
Space in sculpture may be viewed in two
ways: it may be considered a single solid
object or an assemblage of solids that
exhibits space; or space may be perceived
as it enters into relations with its
surroundings－ extending into it,
enveloping it, or relating across it.

• Actual movement - in art, specifically in
sculptures results in kinetic art. Actual
movements may be achieved naturally using
Two ways to present motion or
movement in their art

Elements of Music
• Rhythm - is a movement or pattern with
uniform recurrence of accented and
accented beat
• Melody - is the succession of tones arranged in
such a way as to give it a musical sense. It may
may also refer to the rising and falling of the tune
• Harmony - is the sounding of a series of group
of tones in the same time. It may also refer to
the pleasing sound that is produced when two
or more
• Timbre - is tonal quality or the character of the
tone that is produced by an instrument or by
the human voice.

• Form - is the structure or the framework of a
composition
• Vocal Forms
□ Opera is a drama set to music complete
with actions, costumes and scenery
□ Cantata is a religious story told in music
without actions
□ Moro-moro is a Philippine drama set to
music which depicts the conflict
between the Christians and the
Muslims.
• Instrumental Forms
□ Sonata is a long composition for solo
instruments (piano, Violin)
□ Symphony is a sonata for the orchestra
• Dynamics - is the loudness and softness of the
sound in music indicated by symbols to regulate
the volume of the sound.
• pp pianissimo - very soft
• p piano - soft
• mp mezo piano - half soft
• ff fortissimo - very loud
• crescendo - gradually becoming louder
• decrescendo - gradually becoming
softer

• Music plays an important role in the dance to which it
is closely related. It should be melodic and
harmonious and fits into the movements of the
dance.
• Movement is how the dancers use their bodies to move
and create organized patterns
• Choreography refers to how the steps and
movements are connected for it to be performed in an
• Technique is the skill of the dancer in
executing the movements.
• Design is the planned organization or patterns of
movement in time and space.
• Costume. The type of dance performed and the
costumes worn relate closely to the customs,
beliefs, and environment of the people. Costumes
enhance the effect of the dance.
Elements of Music

LESSON 7 –
ELEMENTS OF
DRAMA

• Setting is the locale and period in which the
story takes place. It includes the scenery, props
props and costumes used in staging
• Characters are the persons involved in the story.
They may seem real to the audience depending
depending on how the playwright structures the
structures the dialogues to make the characters
characters come to life.
• Dialogue refers to the words uttered by the
characters in the story. It what the characters use
when conversing with each other or when
expressing his thoughts and emotions
• Theme is what the story means. It is how the
individual elements are put together to give the
story significance and perspective.
Plot is the over-all structure of the play. It is
concerned about what the story is all about.
- Exposition
- Complication
- Resolution

LESSON 8 – ELEMENTS OF
THEATER

• The Playwright’s role is to work out the plot in
terms of the actual actions to be performed and
• The Director works with the playwright to
present which is interpreted and translated into
dramatic action.
• Production Design includes the scenery, props,
make-up, costumes, lights, music, sound and all
other special effects used in a theater production.
Elements of Theater

LESSON 9 -
ELEMENTS OF
CINEMA
(MOTION PICTURE)

• Music and Musical Director. The musical director is in
charge of selecting, composing new songs, writing
orchestration, preparing background music, creating
creating musical scores and supervising all recording.
• Make-up, Hair and Costume Design.
These people are responsible for
applyingthe specific type of make-up,
hairstyle and costume to the actors before
they face the camera.
• Sound, Camera and Special Effects
Technicians. Sound technicians are
responsible for making the dialogue clear and
music of fine quality. They make sure that
there is no background noise.
• Acting and the Stars. Acting is the art of portraying or
impersonating a character in the story.
• Set and Directors should know the setting of the story
and build artificial sets.

LESSON 10 –
PRINCIPLES OF
ART

□ Content refers to the message the artists wants to convey through his art. The levels of content are:
□ Factual is the literal interpretation of the work, its images, attributes, actions and poses.
□ Conventional level takes into consideration the basic genres and the figurative meanings usually
indicated by familiar signs and symbols and the quality of work.
□ Subjective level takes into consideration the effect of form and content on the viewers of the art.
□ Form refers to how specific elements in the artwork are organized to produce a unified whole.
Form is further classified into:
□ Primary Features. This is how the artwork appears to the viewers.Its physical attributes in
terms of medium, color, texture and size.
□ Secondary Features. this refers to balance, proportion, unity and harmony that are used
to create the whole composition.
PRINCIPLES OF ART

PRINCIPLES OF ART
□ Context refers to the various circumstances that influence how a work of art was produced and
interpreted. The two types of context are:
□ Primary context pertains to the characteristic of the artist, his personality, beliefs, interests
and values.
□ Secondary context pertains to the setting. The historical period, time in which the work
was produced.

LESSON 11 –
PRINCIPLES OF
DESIGN

• Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of
objects, color, texture and space. The use of these
these elements should be balanced to make the
viewers see and feel design as stable. Three types of
• Symmetrical balance results when the elements
used on one side of the design are similar to those
on the other side.
• Asymmetrical balance is when the sides of the
composition are different but still looked balanced.
• Radial balance is achieved when the elements
are arranged around a central point.
• Emphasis is the part of the design that
catches the viewers attention. The artist will
usually make one area stand out by
contrasting it with other areas.
• Movement is the path the viewers eye takes
when looking through the work of art. Such
movement can be implied along lines edges,
shape, and color within the work of art.

MOVEMENT
• Repetition works with patterns to make the work seem active. The repetition of
elements of design creates unity within the artwork.
• Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to
produce a feeling of organized, continuous, sometimes flowing movement. To keep
keep rhythm exciting and active, variety is important.
• Variety is the use of several elements of design that adds interest in order to hold the
viewers attention and guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.
art.
• Unity is the feeling of harmony between and among the parts of the work of art, which
creates a feeling of completeness in the composition.

LESSON 12 – THE
RULE OF THIRDS
AND THE SEVEN
DA VINCIAN
PRINCIPLES

The Rule of Thirds
• The surface with two equally spaced vertical lines and two equally spaced
horizontal lines.
• These lines divide the picture plane into nine equal parts with four
intersecting points.
• Based on studies, placing an object in one of the intersecting point results in a
pleasing composition.
• Balance is achieved by placing another object at the point opposite the
first one.

• Curiosita is approaching life with a heightened level of
wonder and continuous search to know and learn more.
• Arte/Scienza is finding a balance
between art and science or logic
and imagination.
• Corporalita is taking care of one’s body.
Ensuring that healthy habits are practiced
and sustained. A sound mind is usually the
product of a sound body and vice versa.
• Connessione is realizing that all things are
interconnected. It is discovering patterns in the
way things work
The Seven Da Vincian
Principles

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